中国2019年黄金物质流分析

doi:10.13776/.cnki.resourcesindustries.20221026.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 党的“十九大”提出中国经济正由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，这标志着我国黄金行业也必须从过去只重视规模速度的粗放型发展方式向注重质量效益的集约型发展方式转变。为了更好地了解中国黄金行业的发展现状，探究黄金在社会经济系统中的代谢过程，本文运用物质流分析方法，依据文献调研和统计数据，通过搭建黄金物质流框架，以2019年为例探讨我国黄金物质流的实现路径，对物质流中生产、加工制造、使用、废弃物管理4个阶段展开具体分析。研究结果表明：1）生产阶段向加工制造阶段流入精炼金1 015 t，金矿尾渣排放损耗黄金900 t。在此阶段，金矿资源的严重消耗与环境污染加剧问题对我国黄金产业的可持续发展产生了不利影响。2）加工制造阶段的进口纯金量为781 t，向使用阶段流入精炼金1 706 t，黄金损耗为90 t。2019年我国黄金供给对外依存度达到52.5%，显示出整体偏高的态势。3）在使用阶段，2019年我国黄金需求总量为1 641 t，其中黄金消费量为1 003 t，黄金消费以金饰为主，占该年黄金消费量的67.4%。4）在废弃物管理阶段，2019年我国回收黄金量为465 t，占该年黄金供应量的27%。研究结论：1）我国黄金生产以矿产金为主、有色冶炼副产金为辅，其中有色副产金占黄金总产量的比例从2000年的9%增长到2019年的16%，表明我国黄金产业的集约化程度正在逐步提高。2）我国对黄金资源需求量巨大，黄金资源对外依存度较高。近些年我国工业领域的黄金消费量增长很快，未来随着电子产业的快速发展还会不断扩大对黄金资源的需求。3）回收黄金是我国黄金资源供应的重要组成部分，其中黄金饰品的回收收益比工业回收高出很多，工业黄金回收工艺还有待进一步提高，产业链还有待进一步完善。

关键词: 黄金, 物质流分析, 资源管理；工业生态

Abstract:

China’s economy is shifting from rapid growth to quality development, causing China’s gold industry to shift away from the previous extensive development pattern based on scale and speed. In this paper, we developed a method for conducting a one-year quantitative material flow analysis in China’s mainland for 2019, based on statistical data and previous studies, for a better understanding of the current situation in the social-economic metabolism of gold. The funding allows us to gain a better understanding of the domestic gold cycle, which includes production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management. According to the findings, 1 015t of refined gold flowed from the production stage to the fabrication and manufacturing stage, with 900t lost as tailings and slag. In the fabrication and manufacturing stage, 781t of gold is imported, 1 706t of fined gold entered into the use stage, and 90t of gold dissipated. China’s gold supply suffered a high external dependence of 52.5% in 2019. In the use stage, total gold demand was 1 641t, of which consumption was 1 003t. Gold jewelry accounted for 67.4% of the consumption. At the waste management stage, China recovered 465t of refined gold in 2019, making up for 27% of the total supply. China’s gold production primarily relies on mining, secondarily on metallurgical byproducts, which was rising up to 16% in 2019 from 9% in 2000, indicating that the domestic gold industry’s intensity is gradually improving. China has had a great demand and high external dependence on gold. In recent years, China’s industrial gold consumption has increased rapidly. Domestic gold demand will continue to rise as the electronic industry develops. Recycled gold accounts for a significant portion of domestic gold supply, particularly golden jewelry recycling, which has greater economic benefits than industrial gold recycling, which requires further technological and industrial chain enhancement.

Key words:

gold, material flow analysis, resource management, industrial ecology

中图分类号:

F426.1

黄薇润, 周昕桐, 李金惠, 等. 中国2019年黄金物质流分析[J]. 资源与产业, 2022, 24(6): 14-22.

HUANG Weirun, ZHOU Xintong, LI Jinhui, et al.

ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S GOLD MATERIAL FLOW IN 2019

#br# [J]. Resources & Industries, 2022, 24(6): 14-22.

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