资源与产业 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 22-30.DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20190529.001

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国战略性金属矿产供应安全程度评价

王东方 1,2,3,王婉君 1,2,3,陈伟强 1,2,3   

  1. (1.中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建 厦门 361021;2.中国科学院大学,北京100049;3.厦门市城市代谢重点实验室,福建 厦门 361021)
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-26 修回日期:2019-01-16 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 陈伟强 wqchen@iue.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

SUPPLY SECURITY OF STRATEGIC METAL ORES IN CHINA

WANG Dongfang1, 2, 3, WANG Wanjun1, 2, 3, CHEN Weiqiang1, 2, 3   

  1. (1. Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China)
  • Received:2018-10-26 Revised:2019-01-16 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-07-03

摘要: 战略性金属矿产是国家经济社会发展的基础,因此评价战略性金属矿产的供应安全程度具有重要意义。目前对战略性金属矿产供应安全程度的评价并无统一标准。本文从国内供应安全程度和进口供应安全程度两个维度对中国战略性金属矿产的供应安全程度进行评价,分析1994—2016年我国13种战略性金属矿产面临的供应安全问题与可能的保障措施。国内供应安全程度评价以矿产资源的经济可采储量为基础,计算静态保障年限和相对储量指数作为主要指标;进口供应安全程度评价采用对外依存度和来源集中度作为主要评价指标。结果表明:1)铬、铁、钴、镍矿石的国内供应紧缺,同时进口供应安全程度偏差,其供应安全程度差,需重点关注;2)锡矿石的国内供应充足,但是近年来进口供应安全程度趋于下降,其供应安全程度偏差;3)铝、铜、锆、金矿石的国内供应紧缺,但进口供应安全程度偏好,其供应安全程度偏好;4)钼、锑、钨、稀土矿石的国内供应充足,且进口供应安全程度偏好,其供应安全程度好。建议中国限制战略性金属矿产的出口,鼓励进口,寻求国际合作;加大对国内矿产资源的勘探力度,加大对矿产开采及产品加工的技术投入,生产高附加值的产品,同时提高各环节的金属回收效率;均衡从各国进口战略性矿产的比例。本文采用的分析方法适用于对更多材料的研究,可为国家评价战略性金属种类和供应安全程度提供依据。

关键词: 战略性矿产, 关键矿产, 供应安全程度, 对外依存度, 来源集中度, 供应安全程度评价矩阵

Abstract: Strategic metallic ores are very important to economic development. China's demand to and dependence on metal minerals keep increasing due to its rapid urbanization and industrialization in the last 2-3 decades. Import is an important source of mineral resources for a country. Identifying and evaluating the effect of strategic ores is of great practical significance to ensure their supply security. However, there is no standard method to evaluate the significance of strategic minerals so far. To analyze the supply security challenges and protective measures of the strategic metal ores, this paper evaluates the supply security of 13 strategic metal minerals between 1994 and 2016 in China from two dimensions: the degree of domestic supply security and the degree of supply security for imported resources. The degree of domestic supply security is an index to combine the estimated depletion time and the relative mineral scarcity index based on economic mineable reserves. The degree of supply security for imported resources is an index that is used for evaluating the import safety degree of mineral ores by combing net import reliance and market concentration. Results showed that: 1) the supply security is poor for Cr, Fe, Co and Ni ores. These ores should be paid more attention because the domestic supply of these ores are in short, while the degree of supply security are also poor; 2) the supply security is relatively poor for Sn ores. The domestic supply of this ore is relatively abundant but the degree of supply security has been declining in recent years; 3) the supply security is relatively good for Al, Cu, Zr and Au ores. The domestic supply of these ores are in short but the degree of supply security is relatively good; 4) the supply security is good for Mo, Sb, W and REE ores. The domestic supply of these ores are relatively abundant and the degree of supply security scarcity is relatively good. This paper presents suggestions on limiting export of strategic metallic ores, encouraging import, looking for global cooperation, boosting internal exploration, increasing inputs on mining and processing technologies, producing high added\|value products, improving recycling recovery at each steps, and balancing import sources. This method also applies to other materials, which can provide references for China to evaluate supply security of strategic metallic ores.

Key words: strategic metal ores, critical materials, degree of supply security, net import reliance, import source concentration, supply security matrix

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