资源与产业 ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 1-11.DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20200226.001

• 非主题来稿选登 •    下一篇

能源转型过程中关键矿产资源安全回顾与展望

徐德义1,2,朱永光1,2   

  1. (1中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院,湖北 武汉 430074;2 中国地质大学(武汉)资源环境经济研究中心,湖北 武汉 430074)
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-06 修回日期:2020-02-07 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 朱永光 zhuyongguang@cug.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(71991482,41572315)

REVIEW AND OUTLOOK OF KEY MINERALS SECURITY DURING ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

XU Deyi1, 2, ZHU Yongguang1, 2   

  1. (1. School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. Research Center for Resources Environment Economy, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)
  • Received:2019-08-06 Revised:2020-02-07 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-28

摘要: 关键矿产资源的可持续供应是保障新能源产业发展的物质基础和前提。对能源转型过程中关键矿产资源品种、需求、供应等研究和问题进行了总结,得出以下主要结论:1)能源产业与金属资源产业长期存在稳定的依赖关系,现阶段关键矿产主要是指能源转型过程中绿色、清洁和低碳信息技术产业所需的原材料,稀土、铟、铂族金属、钴、锗、钨等是能源转型过程中关键矿产资源安全研究的主要对象;2)已有关键矿产资源安全研究偏重于供应安全,对经济安全和生态安全研究涉及较少。同时,从供应安全、经济安全和生态安全3个维度概括了关键矿产资源安全面临的主要问题:1)新能源产业对关键矿产需求增长较快,部分关键矿产被少数国控制;2)我国优势矿产产业链“有”而不“优”,开发成本过高缺失比较优势,中国缺乏关键金属定价中心和认证仓库;3)伴生矿种尾矿生产率高,开发利用人居安全问题突出。最后,提出了几个未来研究需要关注的问题和方向:1)开展关键矿产国际合作战略的相关研究;2)加大对关键矿产产业链与价值链的研究;3)研究我国关键矿产资源的高成本成因,尤其是我国优势矿产;4)依托上海期货交易所,研究中国关键矿产资源期货定价和现货定价机制;5)评估关键矿产资源开发利用过程中生态环境影响,以及配套产业和环保政策。

关键词: 关键矿产, 新能源产业, 矿产资源安全

Abstract: Sustainable supply of key minerals is a substantial basis for new energy industries. This paper reviews the commodities, demands and supplies of key minerals during energy transformation. Energy industry has been long depending upon metal resources, and the current key minerals refer to the necessary materials demanded by green, clean and low-carbon IT industries during energy transformation, such as REE, Indium, PGM, Cobalt, Germanium and Tungsten. Research of existing key minerals security mainly focuses on supply, less on economy and ecology, from which the major issues are discussed. China has competitive minerals industrial chain, but not robust, higher producing costs leading to loss of relative advantages. China lacks key metals pricing centers and authentication warehouses. High tailings rate of associated minerals and safety issues are existing. This paper presents points needing further studies on global cooperation, industrial chain and value chain, finding out reasons of high cost of China's competitive key minerals, researching futures and stock pricing mechanism of China's key minerals based on Shanghai Futures Exchange, and evaluating eco-environmental impacts during developing key minerals and complemental industries and environmental protection policies.

Key words: key minerals, new energy industry, minerals security

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