资源与产业 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 95-101.DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210223.002

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于新标准的俄罗斯釆金业职业风险评估

Svetlana S. TimofeevaIrina V. DrozdovaSemen S. Timofeev   

  1. (伊尔库茨克国立理工大学 地质矿产开发学院 工业生态学与生命安全教研室,俄罗斯 伊尔库茨克 664074)
     
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-29 修回日期:2021-02-01 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-20
  • 作者简介:Svetlana S. Timofeeva,博士、教授。主要从事自然资源管理及工艺安全保障方面的研究。E-mail:timofeeva@istu.edu

GOLD MINING OCCUPATIONAL RISK EVALUATION IN RUSSIA BASED ON NEW STANDARD

Svetlana S. TimofeevaIrina V. DrozdovaSemen S. Timofeev   

  1.  (Department of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety, School of Geological and Mineral Development,  
    Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk 664074, Russia)
  • Received:2020-06-29 Revised:2021-02-01 Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-06-20
  • Supported by:

     (江苏省水利科技项目(2018034)

     

摘要:

当前俄罗斯正在进行立法改革以实现治理体系现代化,其中改革的重点是国家管理体系中的劳动保护、工业安全和突发事件的应急处理。过去的立法体系侧重于对受伤员工提供健康补偿和医疗救护,而新的立法体系则以预防为主,以期通过建立完善的风险管理机制和运行规则,提高安全生产水平、普及安全文化教育,保障员工的生命安全。新标准强调企业必须进行职业风险评估,并将职业风险评估纳入企业工作管理体系。论文以采金业为例,选取伊尔库茨克州波戴波区金矿露天采场为研究案例,探讨了现代化职业风险评估的方法,明确了职业风险评估首先要进行危害鉴别,编制了风险源管理档案清单。采用实测员工风险因素的“记分法”和数学模拟“矩阵法”完成了伊尔库茨克州波戴波区金矿露天采场主要职业的风险评估。研究表明: 在钻井爆破作业场所,由碎石的喷射、粉尘的排放和噪声效应引起的危险为不可接受风险,通过实施安全生产制度(即遵守安全标准和技术要求、为工人提供防护装备),可将高风险和不可接受风险化解为可接受风险;阐述了高风险职业,编制了风险手册,提出了改善工作条件的首要措施是消除影响爆破手和钻机操作员的有害因素,并为员工提供能更有效预防噪音和振动的个人防护用品。

关键词: 劳动保护, 立法, 职业风险, 评估, 露天采矿, 金矿开采

Abstract:

Russia today is in the process of modernizing its legislative system especially in occupational safety and health (OSH), labor protection, industrial safety, and emergency response management. The current legislative system mostly focuses on providing health compensation and medical, social assistance to injured workers while the new one focuses on risk prevention, aiming at raising the safe production level, cultivating a worker safety culture, and protecting workers lives through optimizing the risk management system and operation guidelines. The new standards require companies to incorporate occupational risk evaluation into their management system standards.  This paper, based on a case study of the Bodaibinsky open\|pit gold mine in the Irkutsk region, discusses the modern risk assessment methodology, recognizes the evaluation must start with hazard identification, and catalogues risk sources. In the case study, “risk scoring” and (mathematical) “simulation matrix” methods were used to assess occupational risks. The results show that flying rocks, dust and excessive noise at blasting site are unacceptable risks. Enforcement of safe production regulations (i.e., comply with safety standards and technical requirements, provide workers with protective gears) can lower the risks level from high to an acceptable level. This paper describes in detail the high risk occupation and compiles a risk assessment manual. To improve working conditions is to first eliminate the risk factors affecting drillers and blasters and provide these workers with personal protective equipment(PPE).

Key words: labor protection;legislation;occupational risk;evaluation, opencast mining;gold mining

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