资源与产业 ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 86-95.DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20200707.001

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇    

北京市海淀区热岛特征及形成原因分析

刘施含曹银贵贾颜卉,周书寒,周天翔   

  1. (中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京 100083)
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-06 修回日期:2020-05-25 出版日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2020-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 曹银贵 caoyingui1982@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(71991482,41572315)

ANALYSIS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSES OF HEAT ISLAND IN HAIDIAN DISTRICT OF BEIJING

LIU Shihan, CAO Yingui, JIA Yanhui, ZHOU Shuhan, ZHOU Tianxiang   

  1. (School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Received:2020-03-06 Revised:2020-05-25 Online:2020-10-20 Published:2020-12-20

摘要: 以Landsat遥感影像为基础数据,运用单窗算法反演2004年、2009年、2017年北京市海淀区夏季的地表温度,定量分析城市热岛效应的变化特征,并探讨热岛效应形成的原因。研究结果表明:1)2004—2017年,根据城市总体规划定位的宜居城市,要求建设高质量的绿化系统,海淀区热岛区比例从36.22%变化至34.12%,在空间分布上呈现出东南强西北弱,时间尺度上有扩散趋势;2)海淀区新增多个强热岛区,大多和建设用地增加或加高加密有关,改善后的城市绿化降温效果不显著,成规模的公园或绿地才有明显的降温效果,2004—2017年,海淀区建设用地占比从52.13%到48.72%再到51.44%、未利用地占比从9.27%到6.23%再到9.18%、绿地占比从30.46%到39.32%再到36.%,都与海淀区热岛比例先减少再增加的趋势相符合;3)交通条件对于城市热岛效应的增强也具有重要影响,并且还会产生其他潜在热源。旨在通过研究热岛效应随土地利用类型和交通道路条件等变化的规律,为寻找有效控制热岛效应措施提供条件。

关键词: 城市热岛效应, 土地利用, 城镇土地, 绿地, 缓冲区分析, 单窗算法

Abstract: The land surface temperature in summer in Haidian district, Beijing in 2004, 2009 and 2017, was inverted by the single-window algorithm on the basis of the Landsat image data. The variation characteristics of urban heat island effect were analyzed quantitatively, and the causes of heat island effect were discussed. The results showed that: 1)During 2004 to 2017,the urban master planning positioned Haidian district as a livable city and required it to build a high-quality greening system. Through the construction, the proportion of heat island area in Haidian district fell to 34.12% from 36.22%, which was stronger in southeast than northwest in spatial distribution and diffusional over time. 2)Several newly-added strong heat island areas in Haidian district, were mostly related to the increase in built-up land area as well as increase in height and density of buildings. Improved urban greening didn't work well in decreasing temperature, but sizable parks or green lands did. During 2004 to 2017, the proportion of built-up land in Haidian district fell to 48.72% from 52.13%, and then rose to 51.44%, the proportion of unused land fell to 6.23% from 9.27%,and then rose to 9.18%, the proportion of green land rose to 39.32% from 30.46%, and then fell to 36.20%, which were consistent with the trend that the proportion of heat island decreased and then increased in Haidian district. 3) Traffic conditions also had an important impact on the enhancement of urban heat island effect, and led to generate other potential heat sources as well. This paper aims to provide conditions for finding effective measures to control the heat island effect by studying the law of heat island effect changing with land use and traffic conditions.

Key words: urban heat island effect, land use, urban land, green land, buffer zone analysis, single-window algorithm

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