矿业城市土地利用景观格局演变及其模拟——以江西省贵溪市为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 矿业城市的发展会造成生态环境恶化与土地利用布局不合理等一系列经济、社会、生态问题。为了推动该类城市的绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生，就需要对矿业城市的土地利用变化过程展开研究，深入分析其变化驱动机制，从而为推进矿业城市的高质量可持续发展提供理论支撑。本文以江西省贵溪市为例，通过土地利用转移矩阵与景观格局指数对该市1990—2018年土地利用结构变化特征进行探索，在基于2010年土地利用现状的基础之上，运用CLUE-S模型模拟2030年贵溪市在3种发展情景下的土地利用格局，并对景观格局进行对比和剖析。研究表明：1）1990—2018年，贵溪市土地利用变化以耕地、林地转为工矿用地为主，耕地、林地面积分别减少了15.75 km²、32.18 km²，工矿用地增加了41.54 km²，其余土地利用类型变化不大。2000—2010年，该市工矿用地扩张迅猛，面积由1.09 km²增长到25.01 km²。2）1990—2018年，贵溪市土地利用景观斑块数量增加了74个，斑块密度增加了0.03个/km²，景观形状指数增加了1 44，香侬多样性指数增加了0.08，景观格局整体呈现出破碎化、小型化发展趋势，各景观类型的多样性更加丰富，其中耕地、林地、草地破碎化、复杂性增强，利用更加无序；水域、建设用地、工矿用地斑块结合度与聚集度均整体增加，呈现简单化集中连片式发展。3）自然发展、生态保护、快速发展3种情景下的模拟结果均显示贵溪市的耕地面积持续减少，城乡居民建设用地和工矿用地面积均有所增加，相对而言生态保护情景更加符合该市的城市规划和发展。4）贵溪市在未来发展规划中应明确不同用地的功能定位，注重用地结构的合理性，缓解用地矛盾，提高土地利用效率。此外，还应建立、施行矿区复垦与分区开采制度，加速工矿用地的绿色发展，积极推动产业转型，这对于实现贵溪市生态环境与矿产资源的可持续发展，打造“绿色铜都”均具有十分重要的现实意义。

关键词: 土地利用, 矿业城市, CLUE-S模型, 情景模拟, 贵溪市

Abstract:

Development in mining cities will result in lots of economic, social and ecological issues in environment and land use layout. For a green development of mining cities to promote a harmonious coexistence between human and nature, land use changes in mining cities need to be studied in its driving mechanism, which can provide a theoretical basis for boosting a quality sustainable development in mining cities. This paper, based on a case study in Guixi city, Jiangxi province, uses land use migration matrix and scenic pattern index to study its 1990 to 2018 land use structural changes. On the basis of 2010 land use situation, this paper applies CLUE-S model to study its 2030 land use pattern under three scenarios and compares the results. Guixi’s land use changes are mainly on the shift from farmland and forest land to mining land during 1990 to 2018, with reduced areas 15.75km² and 32.18km² respectively, and mining land increased by 41 54km², others remain little change. During 2000 to 2010, mining land use largely increased from 1 09km² to 25.01km². During 1990 to 2018, scenic patch of Guixi’s land use has an increase by 74, patch density increase by 0.03 count/km², morphology index increase by 1.44, Shannon diversity index increase by 0.08. The global scenic pattern shows a fragmented and small sized, and diversified, with rising disorder in farmland, forest and grass land uses, and water, construction, mining land uses showing an increasing combination and agglomeration on a simply intensive patch. The simulated results, under three scenarios, natural development, ecological protection and rapid development, Guixi’s farmland is continuously decreasing, the area of construction and mining land has increased. The ecological protection scenario is more consistent with the Guixi’s urban planning and development. Guixi shall clarify the land functionalities with focusing on appropriate land use structure, mitigate land use conflicts, and increase land use efficiencies. This paper presents suggestions on reclamation, separating mining areas, green development on mining land uses, and boosting industrial transformation, of significant for Guixi to reach a sustainable development of ecological environment and mineral resources and to be the title holder of green copper capital.

Key words: land use, mining city, CLUE-S model, scenario simulation, Guixi city

中图分类号:

王亚楠, 叶长盛.

矿业城市土地利用景观格局演变及其模拟——以江西省贵溪市为例 [J]. 资源与产业, 2022, 24(6): 137-150.

WANG Ya’nan, YE Changsheng. SCENIC PATTERN EVOLUTION AND SIMULATION OF LAND USE IN MINING CITIES：A CASE STUDY ON GUIXI CITY, JIANGXI PROVINCE [J]. Resources & Industries, 2022, 24(6): 137-150.

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