资源与产业 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 1-20.DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220527.014

• 非主题来稿选登 •    下一篇

面向对标的我国城市温室气体排放核算方法框架

高 原 1 ，刘耕源  1，2 ，陈操操 3 ，郭丽思 1 ，张 雯 4 ，郭 跃 5    

  1. （1. 北京师范大学 环境学院，环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室，北京 100875； 
    2. 北京市流域环境生态修复与综合调控工程技术研究中心，北京 100875； 
    3. 北京市应对气候变化管理事务中心，北京 100086； 
    4. 广东工业大学 环境生态工程研究院，大湾区城市环境安全与绿色发展教育部重点实验室，广东 广州 510006； 
    5. 鄂尔多斯市林业和草原事业发展中心，内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017010）
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-05 修回日期:2022-02-14 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘耕源
  • 作者简介:高原，博士生，主要从事城市碳达峰与碳中和研究。E-mail：gy_official@yeah.net
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（52070021）；环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室专项经费（21K01ESPCW）

BENCHMARKING-ORIENTED URBAN GREENHOUSE GAS ACCOUNTING METHODOLOGY FRAMEWORK IN CHINA

GAO Yuan 1, LIU Gengyuan 1, 2, CHEN Caocao 3, GUO Lisi 1, ZHANG Wen  4, GUO Yue 5   

  1. （1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment,  
    Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 
    2. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation, Beijing 100875, China; 
    3. Beijing Climate Change Management Centre,Beijing 100086, China; 
    4. Key Laboratory for City Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; 
    5. Ordos Forestry and Grassland Career Development Center, Ordos 017010, China）
  • Received:2022-01-05 Revised:2022-02-14 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-07-18
  • Contact: LIU Gengyuan

PDF

摘要： 城市是人为温室气体的最大排放源，是国家推进碳减排的基本单元和重要载体。面对日益严峻的气候挑战，一方面，各城市间合作程度与对标意愿不够，大多各自设定城市温室气体排放核算规则和制定相应的减缓政策；另一方面，不同的城市温室气体排放核算指南在核算边界、核算内容与重复计算、温室气体核算种类、核算方法等方面仍然存在差异。上述问题增加了城市温室气体排放核算结果分析的复杂性，不利于城市间温室气体排放核算结果的比较研究。城市温室气体排放核算方法框架，是了解和评估城市温室气体排放情况的基础。论文梳理了国内外城市温室气体排放核算指南、数据库和案例，研究内容涵盖国际城市温室气体核算标准对比与差异性分析，综述了基于3种不同的城市层面温室气体排放核算视角（即基于行政区划边界的核算、基于跨界基础设施的核算和基于城市消费的核算）的应用研究，指出了国内现已公布城市或区域性温室气体核算指南存在的无法对标的核心，提出构建优先面向国内可对标的城市温室气体排放核算方法框架。研究提出的框架的范围1~3代表不同角度的城市温室气体排放情况，同时又最大限度地反映了城市温室气体排放情况。首先，强调了行政区划内范围1排放的不可或缺性和可比性；其次，对范围2和范围3排放的核算，是对与充分满足城市实际需求相匹配的城市温室气体排放情况的具体补充。该框架解决了部分痛点问题，如核算边界应选取我国行政区划边界范围，应涵盖7种温室气体，包括范围1~3面向不同的核算排放主体；而针对当前各城市核算指南中部分排放源尚未涵盖或存在争议、实时动态数据获取难以及存在不确定性因素等问题，提出了相关思考和后续实现路径。以对标为目标的核算框架能够帮助决策管理者通过比较了解城市间隐含温室气体排放的流动情况，确定适宜的减排政策，同时从城市温室气体排放视角来考量、规划城市低碳转型路径，优化城市管理手段，促进城市间的交流合作。同时，该框架的有效实施也需要全社会、多行业、跨部门联动，政企民商通力合作，产学研深度融合。

关键词: 城市, 温室气体核算, 方法框架, 对标, 边界

Abstract: As the largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, cities are the basic unit and important space carrier to promote carbon emission reduction. In the face of increasingly severe climate challenges, on one hand, the degree of cooperation among cities is not enough, and most cities choose to conduct urban GHG emission accounting and formulate mitigation policies independently; on the other hand, there are still differences in accounting boundary, accounting content and double counting, types of GHG, and accounting methods among different urban GHG emission accounting guidelines, which increases the complexity of urban GHG emission accounting and is not conducive to the comparison of GHG emission accounting results among cities. The methodological framework for urban GHIG emission accounting is the basis for understanding and evaluating urban GHG emissions. In this paper, we reviewed the domestic and foreign urban GHG accounting standards, databases and cases, which covered the comparison and difference analysis of international urban GHG accounting standards, the application research of three different city-level GHG emission accounting perspectives (including accounting based on administrative division boundaries, cross-border infrastructure, and urban consumption respectively). The core of domestic urban and regional GHG accounting guidelines are clearly proposed to establish a framework of urban GHG emission accounting methods that are prioritized for domestic benchmarks. In the new framework, scopes 1-3 in the framework represents the urban GHG emissions from different perspectives, and reflects the urban GHG emissions to the maximum extent. The indispensability and comparability of Scope 1 emissions within administrative divisions are emphasized. Importantly, the accounting for Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions is a specific supplement to the urban GHG emissions that are matched to fully meet the actual needs of the city. The framework solves some of the pain points. For example, the accounting boundary is within the boundary of China administrative divisions, covering 7 types of greenhouse gases, and scopes 1-3 are for different accounting emission subjects. In view of the emission sources not covered or disputed by the current urban GHG accounting guidelines, difficulty of data acquisition, uncertainty and so on, the author believes that these problems can be addressed by means of scientific and technological progress, and the impact on the urban GHG emission accounting is not major, but for the long-term development of the city, these pain points must be deeply considered and solved by the decision-making managers. It is necessary to incorporate them into the framework at first, and then gradually solve them. Benchmarking-oriented GHG accounting framework can help decision-making managers understand the flow of embodied GHG emissions between cities, determine appropriate emission reduction policies, and meanwhile consider and plan low-carbon transition paths, optimize urban management methods, and promote exchanges and cooperation between cities from the perspective of GHG emissions. Finally, this paper points out that the effective implementation of the framework requires the linkage of the whole society, multi-industry and cross-department, the overall government-enterprise-people-commerce cooperation, the close industry-university-research cooperation. 

Key words: city, greenhouse gas accounting, methodology framework, benchmarking, boundary

中图分类号: 

京ICP备08011785号-3　文保网安备案：1101080023
版权所有 © 《资源与产业》编辑部
地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号　邮编：100083
电话：010-82322841　82322886　 传真：010-82322841　 Email：zycy@cugb.edu.cn
技术支持：北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司