Abstract: Ecological compensation of Wei River stream is the first trans-provincial trial of Yellow River stream. This paper summarizes the status, issues and experiences of ecological compensation of Yellow River stream aiming at a quality development, and evaluates the performances of ecological compensation policies. Based on a case study on Wei River stream, This paper establishes an evaluation model of ecological compensation effects composed of comprehensive performances and preferred scoring, and uses APH and entropy to construct a comprehensive performance evaluation index system of ecological environment, which is employed to estimate the comprehensive performance of 20 cities along Wei River stream during 2009 to 2019 based on all validated samples' selection. The results show a generally rising performance, of which Shaanxi's policies seat on top, but varying with cities. The policies increase the performances at or above the level 1%, in spite of time controlling or single fixed effect; it works at or above the level 5% in the provincial teams, but not in Gansu province due to its limited conditions, big ecological burden in environmental rehabilitation, deficient compensation mechanism, imbalanced upper- and down-stream, lagging policies and lacking mature experiences. This paper presents suggestions on policy propaganda, encouraging residents and companies' involvement, improving compensation mechanisms, pushing ecologically comprehensive compensation, making bi-directional compensation standards, spreading local successful experiences and issuing local policy details.

Key words: stream ecological compensation, eco-environmental comprehensive performance, Wei River stream

摘要： 渭河流域生态补偿是黄河流域首个横向跨省生态补偿试点工程，评估渭河流域生态补偿政策效果，总结黄河流域横向生态补偿实施的现状、问题与经验，为黄河流域全面开展横向生态补偿提供借鉴，有利于推进黄河流域高质量发展。以陕西甘肃渭河流域横向生态补偿作为研究对象，构建包括生态环境综合绩效测算与倾向得分匹配-双重差分的流域生态补偿政策效果评估模型，结合层次分析法与熵值法构建生态环境综合绩效评价指标体系，对沿渭地区20个地级城市2009—2019年生态环境综合绩效进行测算、评价、比较，通过双重差分模型对流域生态补偿政策实施净效果进行分离、评估，并使用倾向得分匹配法对样本选取合理性、有效性进行验证。研究结果显示：2009—2019年，渭河流域生态环境综合绩效总体呈上升趋势，其中陕西省政策组平均绩效增长尤为突出，但不同城市之间绩效水平存在较大差距；不论是否控制时间、个体固定效应，流域生态补偿政策始终在1%水平上显著提升渭河流域生态环境综合绩效；在省份分组检验中，流域生态补偿政策在5%水平上对陕西省生态环境综合绩效增长有积极作用，而甘肃省则无明显效果，分析其原因有甘肃省自身发展条件限制，环境治理经济负担较大、横向补偿机制不完善，上下游地位相对不平衡、政策实践起步较晚，缺少成熟经验。结合渭河流域地区特征与流域生态补偿共性，建议扩大生态补偿政策宣传，鼓励居民、企业参与；完善补偿机制，推进生态综合补偿，制定双向补偿标准；推广省市地方成功经验，地方根据实际出台细则。

关键词: 流域生态补偿, 生态环境综合绩效, 渭河流域