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    20 August 2022, Volume 24 Issue 4
    ENERGY CONSERVATION AND EMISSION REDUCTION EFFECTS OF STEEL-CAPACITY-CUTTING POLICY BASED ON INPUT/OUTPUT MODEL
    SUN Xiaoqi, SHI Qing
    2022, 24(4):  1-8.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20211221.006
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    This paper, based on China's input/output data of 2017 and carbon emission coefficient of standard coal, uses sole regional environmental input/output model to estimate the direct and complete energy conservation and emission reduction effects under different steel-capacity-cutting scenarios, aiming at providing supportive study for policies evaluation. Under the scenario of 25 million tons capacity cutting, 19 million tons of standard coal can be saved directly, 32 million tons in total saving, and 40 million tons of carbon dioxide emission can be directly reduced, 68.37 million tons in total reduction. Under the scenario of 37.5 million tons capacity cutting, 28.56 million tons of standard coal can be saved directly, 48.15 million tons in total saving, and 60.84 million tons of carbon dioxide emission can be directly reduced, 103 million tons in total reduction. Under the scenario of 100 million tons capacity cutting, 76 million tons of standard coal can be saved directly, 1.94% of China's energy consumption in 2017, and 128 million tons in total saving, 3.28% of China's energy consumption in 2017; and 162 million tons of carbon dioxide emission can be directly reduced, 273 million tons in total reduction. Under the scenario of 150 million tons capacity cutting, 114 million tons of standard coal can be saved directly, and 193 million tons in total saving, 4.93% of China's energy consumption in 2017; and 243 million tons of carbon dioxide emission can be directly reduced, 410 million tons in total reduction. Steel-capacity-cutting policy has notable energy-saving and emission-reduction effects and the total energy-saving and emission-reduction far outweighs the direct. Capacity-cutting substantially contributes to China's response to climate changes. However, steel sector is one of China's major industries containing large employment in its up- and down-stream. Employment shall be comprehensively considered amid steel-capacity-cutting process in an orderly way. This paper does not cover the diminishing effects from raised energy efficiency and emission reduction effects from adjusted energy structure, which needs further studies.
    IMPACTS OF CITY GROUP ECONOMIC NETWORK EVOLUTION ON RESOURCES-BASED CITIES' INNOVATIVE CAPACITY
    ZHAO Hongmei, ZHANG Yan
    2022, 24(4):  9-20.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220606.002
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    City group network is a product of urban advanced stage, and a consequence of collaborative development of innovative units. Its dynamic evolution provides an effective circulation channel for innovative resources among resources-based cites. This paper establishes an urban group economic network among resources-based cities, and discusses its developing characteristics and evolutionary trend, providing references for promoting innovative capacities in resources-based cities. Based on 11 cities' data of Harbin-Changchun city group from 2009 to 2018, this paper uses revised gravity model and fixed effect model to establish a city group economic network which is used to study the impacts on their innovative capacities. The network density of Harbin-Changchun city group is in a rising trend, but at a low-level. Its network centrality shows polarization with some cities marginalized, and some localized groups emerging. City group network in/out degrees positively impact resources-based cities'innovative capacities at 1% and 5% significance levels respectively. Structural hole index is not related to the innovative capacities.Harbin-Changchun city group needs to optimize its economic network structure, to increase Harbin's and Changchun's radiation and leading roles to form an internal complicated network, to fasten their infrastructure so as to improve their trans-city communication inside the city group economic network,and to construct trans-regional innovative cooperating mechanism to increase the innovative capacities of resources-based cities.
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT INTENSITY AND PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC COMPANIES ADJUSTED BY FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND EQUITY NATURE
    XIAO Yu, GONG Guiying
    2022, 24(4):  21-29.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220307.001
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    Technical innovation theory is used to study the relation between research & development innovation and performance of Chinese photovoltaic companies, and financial leverage is incorporated into model to further study variances between state-owned and private companies, providing decision-making references for photovoltaic companies to make R&D investment strategies and to make performance plans. This paper, based on 100 stock A-listed photovoltaic companies' panel data from 2016 to 2020, uses Hausman test and random effect to study the adjustment of financial leverage and equity nature with R&D input intensity as independent variable and companies' performance as dependent variable. The results show an upside-down “U-shaped” relation between them, increase of input can promote companies' performance when input is insufficient; however, this promotion may become adverse as R&D input increases. Financial leverage plays a negative role that their relation can be weakened as financial leverage coefficient rises. The upside-down “U-shaped” relation exists both in state-owned and private companies, outstandingly in the latter. An appropriate R&D input intensity largely promotes photovoltaic companies'performances, subject to their capital allocation. Photovoltaic companies should consider their R&D input according to their overall strategy, which makes appropriate R&D input strategy from input & output and capital operation. Private companies complying with marketized operation have a well stimulating mechanism. Stateowned companies' performance can be promoted if private equity is adopted appropriately. 
    DRIVES FOR JIANGSU'S WATER FOOTPRINT EFFICIENCY CHANGES BASED ON LMDI-ATTRIBUTION
    JIANG Xiangcheng, WANG Rui
    2022, 24(4):  30-41.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220410.001
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    Jiangsu province has the most total and per capita water footprint in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, and a severe water shortage which constraints Jiangsu's economy. This paper, from the perspective of water footprint and focusing on Jiangsu's water footprint efficiency changes, analyzes their drives and provides suggestions for sustainable development of Jiangsu's water resources. Jiangsu's water footprint results from 2010 to 2019 and extended Kaya formula are used to calculate the actual water use efficiency, water resource use technical level and water footprint. LDMI-attribution model is employed to estimate the drives with contribution of three water use sectors obtained. During the study period, Jiangsu shows a noted increase in water footprint efficiency, from 32.78 RMB/m3 in 2010 to 88.91 RMB/m3 in 2019,increasing by 171.25%, mostly driven by actual water use efficiency with a contribution 167%, followed by technical level with a contribution 26.15%. Water footprint proportion in agricultural use has relatively risen, and the water footprint structure contributes -21.67% to the change. Key drives come from actual uses in industrial and living sectors, 91.19% and 75.07% respectively, with only 0.73% from agricultural sector. In technical drives, most are contributed by living sector at 21.40%, followed by industrial sector at 4.79% and then by agricultural sector at -0.04%. In water footprint structural drives, only agricultural sector is positive at 0.06%, then living sector at -2.13% and industrial sector at -19.60%. This paper presents suggestions on constructing water-saving agricultural system to increase agricultural water use efficiency and to decrease agricultural water footprint proportion, keeping a downgrade of gray water footprint, limiting high pollution investments, supporting green development, stimulating province-wide consumption, optimizing foreign trading structure and increasing sustainable development capacity of water resources.
    SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LEVEL AND SPATIAL PATTERN OF RURAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT IN YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE
    ZHANG Yunning, ZHU Hongyan, OUYANG Hongxiang, et al
    2022, 24(4):  42-54.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220331.001
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    Improving rural living environment and realizing its sustainable development is a key task for China's new rural construction, vital for implementation of a rural revitalization strategy.This paper, based on sustainable development theory of rural living environment, uses factor breakdown structure and subjective/objective weighing to establish an evaluation index system for sustainable development of rural living environment from the perspective of natural and social resources, and applies development level (sustainable development potential), coordination index (sustainable development trend) to set up a measurement model, which is employed to comprehensively evaluate their sustainable development level and spatial pattern of 11 provinces' rural living environment in Yangtze River Economic Zone with an attempt to improve the sustainable development level of rural living environment and to increase regional balanced development. ArcGIS is used to classify development level into four categories, high, relatively high, relatively low and low, and development coordination degree into three, high, moderate and low. Clustering features are analyzed at overall and local levels from auto-correlation perspective with causes explained from resource allocation and development. Results show a regional imbalance, with sustainable development level of rural living environment, high in the east and low in the west, and development coordination, high in the central and low in the west. Sustainable development level of rural living environment is of outstanding global and local clustering/dispersing features with eco-environment and economy systems of strongest spatial clustering, and social culture system of strongest dispersing. High-level hot spots of sustainable development are concentrating on Yangtze River Delta and low-level cold spots on Yunnan and Guizhou. This paper presents suggestions on orderly conducting economic activities, enhancing environmental and cultural construction, overall planning regional development in order to optimize rural living environment.
    FACTORS OF ESTABLISHING URBAN MINING PILOT BASE:A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF 76 CITIES
    SHEN Hongcheng, LUO Ting
    2022, 24(4):  55-64.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220410.002
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    This paper, based on China's urban mining pilot bases, uses fuzzy-set qualitative analysis method to comprehensively study 48 cities with urban mining pilot bases and 28 cities without urban mining pilot bases, and their establishing factors and modes. Establishment of China's urban mining pilot bases is influenced by ventilation coefficient, industrial basis, governmental enforcement, transport infrastructure and environmental regulations. High air ventilation coefficient and developed infrastructure are core conditions. Good manufacturing industry supplies renewable materials which plays a key role in establishing urban mining pilot bases. Low-cost consumption is a necessity, and governmental policy is an auxiliary. Governmental industrial planning can play a positive part when industrial manufacturing basis and infrastructures lack. Air circulation and environmental regulation are two complementary conditions for government to control and reduce pollution. Strict governmental regulations play a key role in establishing inland urban mining pilot bases with low air circulations coefficients. Government-oriented establishing model focuses on supporting roles of policies and air ventilation, and elementoriented establishing model stresses the impacts of industrial basis and transport infrastructure. 
    IMPACTS OF SUBSIDY REDUCTION ON NEW ENERGY COMPANIES RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT VIEWING FROM MARKET EXPECTATION ADJUSTMENT
    LIU Surong, XIE Xiaoxiao, HUO Jianglin
    2022, 24(4):  65-76.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220422.001
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    Governmental subsidy has a close connection with new energy sectors' R&D innovation.Subsidy reduction indicates new energy sectors are at a government-oriented to market-oriented adjusting stage.Under the dual pressures of subsidy reduction and innovation upgrading, new energy companies have to switch to markets to seek new financing ways ensuring a stable R&D investment. This paper, based on China's stock-listed new energy companies' information from 2010 to 2019, uses multiple regression to study the impacts of subsidy reduction on new energy sectors' R&D, and discusses the adjustment of market expectation on the relation between governmental subsidy and companies' R&D investment. Results show that subsidy reduction plays an outstanding stimulating role on new energy sectors' R&D investment. The impact varies with natures of governmental subsidies, a little if benefits-related subsidy, but significant if assets-related. Under adjustment of market expectations, benefits-related governmental subsidy will decline or even constrain R&D investment, while assets-related subsidy will be on the contrast. Governmental subsidy shall be stably reducing, switch from all-benefits to supporting-excellence, adjust subsidy types and strength, and construct multiple subsidy mechanisms so as to help new energy sectors increase R&D investments. This paper suggests new energy companies follow the market changes, increase their innovative capacities and awareness, boost relation with financing markets, diversify financing channels, and set up a collaborative mechanism of governmental subsidy and markets on new energy companies' R&D innovation.
    SUPPLY EFFICIENCY AND FACTORS OF FARMLAND WATER CONSERVANCY FACILITIES BASED ON SBM-MALMQUIST-TOBIT MODEL
    YU Lei, YANG Gaosheng
    2022, 24(4):  77-89.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220328.001
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    27 Chinese provinces' panel data from 2009 to 2018 are used study the supply efficiency and its changes of farmland water facilities by using SBM-Malmquist and Tobit model is applied to analyze the factors, with results showing an overall declining trend of supply efficiency, from 0.707 to 0.704, varying with geographical regions, northern, northeastern, eastern, central south, northwestern and southeastern in a decreasing order. The efficiencies reach up to 1 in northern and northeastern at the end of the study period. China's average total factor productivity of farmland water conservancy facilities supply is falling in a fluctuated way, mostly contributed by lagging technical advances. Regional economy and farmland water conservancy facilities investing structures cast a positive influence on the supply efficiencies with regression coefficients of 3.02 and 2.19 respectively. The better economy and the larger investment ratio on farmland water facilities, the higher supply efficiencies.The efficiencies are adversely affected by the proportion of farmers income from salary and rural illiteracy rate. Areas with higher proportion of farmers income from salary and higher illiteracy rate have accordingly low farmland water conservancy facilities supply efficiencies due to farmers' low will in investment. Regression results which have been verified by replacing dependent variables, supplementing missing variables, sub-samples regression and lagging variables regression are of good robustness. This paper presents suggestions on increasing farmland water conservancy facilities investment, boosting water conservancy facilities supply, optimizing rural administrative organizations and encouraging farmers' participation, aiming at improving China's farmland water conservancy facilities supply efficiencies and accelerating agricultural modernization.
    DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF CHANGCHUN‘’S ECONOMY-SOCIETY-LAND-USE SYSTEM BASED ON SD MODEL
    GAO Xinyu, DONG Huihe, GAO Lunian, et al
    2022, 24(4):  90-102.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210918.001
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    This paper used system dynamics model to draw causal loop diagram and establish flow stock model, with economy, population, housing, environment, public administration as urban land use factors, and tests their simulated results from 2004 to 2018, and simulates the urban system from 2018 to 2033. Results show a discordant population-land relation will continue to exist in Changchun. Constructed area per capita increases by 47.9% from 2019 to 2033 in Changchun,and total population will be up to 4.483 92 million in Changchun downtown in 2033. Population migration is sensitive to educational resources, rather than gross value of industrial output and medical resource inputs. In Changchun city's land use structure, housing land proportion will be enlarged to 32.88%; industrial land proportion will be diminished to 18.33%; urban transportation land proportion will be first increased and then decreased, and park green land proportion will be stably at 4.33% in 2033. Under scenarios of increasing educational expenses and increasing industrial growth rate, construction area per capita decreases by 5.47% and 3.97%, which mitigates the population-land conflict. Under scenarios of increasing industrial population proportion and increasing housing growth rate, construction area per capita increases by 3.96% and 0.84%, which will not change the situation of population urbanization speed less than land urbanization speed. This paper presents suggestions on improving public administrative services, decreasing housing costs, and stabilizing urban population and attracting talents to realize a balance among urban economy, society and land use.
    URBAN SPATIAL NETWORK STRUCTURE FROM PERSPECTIVE OF “FLOW SPACE” IN CHENGDU-CHONGQING (CHENG-YU) DUAL CITY ECONOMIC CIRCLE
    WANG Ziyou, PAN Yuhong
    2022, 24(4):  103-112.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220520.002
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    Regional coordinated development has become an internal need to establish a high-quality land spatial planning and to resolve imbalanced issues with urban clusters as the core economic circle. To realize regional integration of Cheng-Yu dual city economic circle and multiple-hierarchy coordinated development, this paper combines the four circulating productive resources, population flow, information flow, technical flow and economic flow, with urban spatial structure, and applies social network analysis method to analyze the spatial network structure of Cheng-Yu dual city economic circle from points, lines and planes. Inside the circle, Chengdu and Chongqing are two dual cores. Regional interaction shows a better internal urban centrality. Core cities' do not exert their radiation role on their vicinity. High asymmetry exists inside the city linkage of economic circle, with the exception of Cheng-Yu axis having a symmetrical linkage, leaving urban connection to be improved. Outskirt cities of economic circle have a weak connection with outside. There is locally clustering with variable connection within the region. The global city clustering pattern has not yet formed, with no enough trans-provincial or transregional connection. West of Cheng-Yu dual city economic circle is along Chengdu as the major developing center. In order to construct an integrated Cheng-Yu dual city economic circle and a multiple-hierarchy coordinated development pattern, this paper presents suggestions on setting up a shared transregional cooperation, intensifying the central developing drives, increasing the absorbing resources capacity of outskirt cities, focusing on the transportation construction and information integration inside the circle, boosting the leading roles of core cities, and promoting technical exchanges and economic integration among cities.
    COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT EMPIRICAL STUDY ON HUMAN CAPITAL, RESOURCES AGGLOMERATION AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
    WANG Fangqin
    2022, 24(4):  113-123.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220523.001
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    This paper uses Taylor index and the third industry proportion to depict China's industrial structural rationalization degree and advanced level, applies fixed effect model to reveal the impacts of heterogenous human capital, resource agglomeration and the both coupling on industrial structural advancing, and analyzes the causes of regional variance with an attempt to provide references to optimize and upgrade industrial structure. Advanced human capital is the core factor with a contribution rate of 15.31% to industrial advancing. Manufacturing and productive servicing resource agglomeration has an impacton industrial structural rationalization with a contribution rate of up to 46.93% and 28.99%. Junior and moderate human capitals are media variables for industrial advancing. Advanced human capital promotes industrial structural rationalization in central China with an impacting power 72.99%, and moderate human capital promotes industrial structural advancing in the west with an impacting power 75.77%. Manufacturing resource agglomeration contributes to industrial structural advancing in central China at 90.73%, and to the industrial structural rationalization in the west at 80.59%. Productive servicing resource agglomeration promotes industrial structural advancing in the east and industrial structural rationalization in central China with an impacting power of 89% and 82.68% respectively. The eastern China shall use advanced human capital to develop productive servicing, and their interaction to optimize industrial structure. The central and western China shall use moderate-advanced human capital and manufacturing agglomeration supply key drives to optimize industrial structure based on a balanced match of manufacturing and human capital.
    IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON SOUTHWESTERN INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION
    LI Jinjing, LI Jun, CHEN Changyao, et al
    2022, 24(4):  124-132.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220520.001
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    This paper uses theory and cases to clarify the relationship between southwestern industrial structural optimization and environmental regulations, aiming at providing reference for efficiently using resources during the new era. Evaluation index system of environmental regulations is used to estimate the environmental regulation intensity in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan based on their 2005 to 2019 panel data, with panel fixed effect model to analyze the factors of southwestern industrial structural optimization and impacting paths of environmental regulations, which is tested through threshold model. Substituted variables method is used to detect the robustness of the results. Environmental regulations intensity in southwest is in increasing trend. Industrial structure is optimized by economic growth and international trade, but negatively impacted by foreign direct investment, and little by technical innovation. Impacts of environmental regulations on industrial structural optimization display a “U-shaped” relation, a little from technical advances, international trade and foreign direct investment. Southwestern environmental regulations intensity is appropriately to be set at 0.67-1.56. This paper puts forward suggestions on increasing investment on environmental protection, determining rational environmental regulations intensity, establishing performance evaluation administration to keep abreast of the effects of environmental regulations.
    DISTRIBUTION OF KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY AGGREGATION AND ITS SPATIAL OVERFLOWING EFFECT ON ECONOMY IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA
    YU Yana, YUE Jingui
    2022, 24(4):  133-144.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220422.002
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    Spatial Gini coefficient and locality entropy are used to estimate the aggregation degree and distribution of knowledge-intensive service industry and its sub-sectors in 41 prefectures in Yangtze River Delta from 2004 to 2018, and spatial Dubin model is applied to verify its impacts on the local economy and its spatial overflowing effect on the vicinity. Spatial Gini coefficient reveals that aggregation degree of commercial service sector is the largest. The aggregation index is at 0.04-0.06, generally in a U-shaped trend. Locality entropy of less than one-third cities is larger than 1 with Shanghai as center, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Hefei as sub-centers, while other cities are of low aggregation degree. Spatial Dubin modelling results show a remarkable spatial overflow effect on economy, varying with sectors. Financial service sector aggregation has constraints on the local economy, but little on the vicinity,while information technology and commercial service sector do not have a significant influence on the local economy, but have siphoning effect on the vicinity. Scientific servicing has a little influence. Generally, knowledge-intensive servicing industry aggregation largely promotes the local economy and vicinity in Yangtze River Delta,varying with sectors and regions. This paper presents suggestions on promoting a sound, balanced knowledge-intensive service industry to avoid industrial simplification, boosting it in the underdeveloped areas, optimizing its spatial aggregation and diminishing the gap between the core cities and remote cities.
    VALUES EVALUATION OF SECOND-HAND ELECTRIC MATERIALS BASED ON FEATURED PRICING MODEL
    LI Yang, HUANG Xiaoming, LIN Minghui, et al
    2022, 24(4):  145-149.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220429.001
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    Second-hand electric materials refer to those used electric devices with problems made by irresistible causes, which can be saleable, restorable and usable. Management of second-hand electric materials is a key task in power companies. This paper, aiming at boosting used electric materials management and appropriately using used materials, studies the issues existing in the management of used electric materials in power companies,and presents value evaluation of used electric materials based on featured pricing model which overcomes the errors of traditional methods without considering the price changes of new materials.Linear function is used to calculate the price of electric materials with which featured pricing model is established. Principal component analysis is employed to quantitatively evaluate the values of second-hand electric materials. Flowchart is designed; factors and pricing history are also used to establish a regression forecast model.All factors are placed in a temporal order, which are used to evaluate the value of used electric materials based on featured pricing model. To validate this model, a simulating test is designed to compare with a traditional method. Results show an accuracy of about 95%, obviously higher than the traditional way, and fast speed, always less than 3 minutes, 1 minute at minimum, suggesting this method is effective. 
    TEMPORAL-SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY OF JIANGSU'S INDUSTRIAL CARBON EMISSION
    LU Jiaqin, GAN Xinhua
    2022, 24(4):  150-156.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20220401.001
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    Temporal-spatial distribution of industrial carbon emission is key to making carbon emission strategy and to promoting industrial low carbon transformation. This paper, according to Jiangsu's 2010 to 2019 industrial coal, coking coal, natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and fuel oil data, uses carbon emission coefficient to estimate industrial carbon emission in Jiangsu's thirteen prefectures, and applies ArcGIS to draw the temporal-spatial distribution map. Spatial auto-correlation method is used to calculate the overall Moran's index of industrial carbon emission by means of Geoda software with LISA clustering map worked out. Spatial core model is used to map carbon emission core migration tracks from 2010 to 2019.Finally, this paper presents suggestions on carbon reduction. The results show a stably decreasing industrial carbon emission over the decade in Jiangsu province, obviously in unit industrial GDP, suggesting a good achievement in carbon reduction. However, industrial carbon emission varies with regions, majorities with relatively high and low emissions, and high in the south and low in the north. Each prefecture should make differentiated carbon reduction measures to avoid rigidly uniform, with emphasis on southern Jiangsu. The spatial distribution of Jiangsu's carbon emission is of outstandingly positive spatial correlation showing high-high clustering in the south and lowlow clustering in the north (except Xuzhou city), but not conspicuous in most cities. Carbon emission core has little changes, always within Yangzhou city, verifying that Jiangsu's carbon emission is still south-high-north-low.