基于物质流方法的磷石膏资源化利用现状分析

doi:10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20221025.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国作为农业大国，为了保障粮食安全需要大量的磷肥供给，从而造成在磷酸、磷肥生产过程中产生大量的工业固体废弃物——磷石膏，其长期堆存会对生态环境产生严重危害。我国从2018年开始大力推动对磷石膏的资源化利用，制定、出台了多项鼓励性政策，但直到目前为止磷石膏的综合利用率仍然较低，其资源化利用市场还需要不断建设和完善。本文基于我国磷石膏产生量底数不清的问题，采用产废系数法，以《中国工业统计年鉴》中磷肥产量为基础，估算我国从1957—2019年磷石膏产量，并在对云南、贵州、四川、湖北、安徽等省份开展实地调研与分析之后，选取磷石膏资源化利用综合表现较好的贵州省作为重点研究对象进行物质流分析，绘制磷石膏资源化利用的物质代谢图谱。研究表明：从时间序列方面来看，贵州省磷石膏资源化利用率逐年上升，利用处置率从2018年的58.80%提高到2020年的107.37%，这标志着贵州省已经开始消纳历史堆存的磷石膏固体废弃物；从资源化利用途径方面来看，贵州省2021年第一季度依靠井下填充、制酸及其他化学利用、制造建材、制造水泥缓凝剂，分别消纳磷石膏96.45万t、36.04万t、33.09万t、23.48万t，综合利用率达到55.02%，但利用途径基本还停留在初步发展阶段，具有产品附加值较低、无法实现大规模消纳等缺点。本文经过实地调查研究，探究磷石膏从产生到资源化全生命周期的物质代谢规律，揭示磷石膏资源化利用过程中关于原材料、技术、产品、政策等方面存在的一些关键性问题，从政府、企业、消费者等利益相关方角度提出针对性政策建议，期望能够为我国磷石膏的精准管理和资源化利用提供科学的理论依据，为循环经济、“无废城市”及双碳背景下其他大宗工业固体废弃物的治理研究提供科学的方法借鉴。

关键词: 磷石膏, 资源化利用, 物质流

Abstract: As an agricultural giant, China’s surging needs of phosphorous fertilizer to guarantee its crop security leads to mass of the industrial solid waste phosphogypsum during production of phosphorous acid and fertilizer, which harms the environment if dumping in the long term. China began to vigorously promote the resource utilization of phosphogypsum in 2018, and formulated and issued a number of encouraging policies. However, the comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum is still low up to now, and the resource utilization market still needs to be continuously constructed and improved. In this paper, based on the problem of unclear production quantity of phosphogypsum in China, the product/waste coefficient method was used to estimate the output of phosphogypsum in China from 1957 to 2019 based on the output of phosphogypsum in “China Industrial Statistical Yearbook”, after field investigation and analysis in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces, Guizhou province, which has a good comprehensive performance in the utilization of phosphogypsum resources, was selected as the key research object, the material flow analysis was carried out, and the material metabolism graph of phosphogypsum resource utilization was drawn. Temporally, Guizhou has a rising resource utilization trend of phosphogypsum with a utilization ratio at 58.80% in 2018 to 107.37% in 2020, marking a start point for Guizhou uses the historically-dumping phosphogypsum solid waste. As for the resource utilization means, Guizhou consumes phosphogypsum up to 964.5kt, 360.4kt, 330.9kt and 234.8kt from underground backfilling, acid making and other chemical utilization, construction materials and cement retardant in the first quarter of 2021, with a comprehensive use rate up to 55.02%, still at the preliminary use stage of low added-values and small scale. This paper, based on site investigation, studies the material metabolism rule of phosphogypsum in the whole life cycle from production to resource utilization, and reveals the key issues in its raw materials, technology, products and policies, and from the perspective of government, enterprises, consumers and other stakeholders, targeted policy suggestions are put forward, hoping to provide scientific theoretical basis for the accurate management and resource utilization of phosphogypsum in China, also provides a scientific reference for controlling other mass solid wastes under the background of circular economy, zero-waste cities and carbon reduction.

Key words: phosphogypsum; resource utilization, material flow

中图分类号:

侯慧敏, 郭东方, 苏丽娟, 徐鹤, 等. 基于物质流方法的磷石膏资源化利用现状分析[J]. 资源与产业, 2022, 24(6): 23-30.

HOU Huimin, GUO Dongfang, SU Lijuan, XU He, et al.

RESOURCE UTILIZATION SITUATION OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM BASED ON MATERIAL FLOW METHOD

#br# [J]. Resources & Industries, 2022, 24(6): 23-30.

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