Abstract:

The changes in land occupancy forms bear the characteristics of times. The imperialist invaders broke the normal development of old China’s self-demand-self-supply economy. During land privatizing, the land ownership had been concentrated on the hands of old landlords, new bureaucracy, business men, usurers and imperialist invaders, resulting in a worsening living condition to China’s peasants. This paper, based on the changes in land occupancy forms and landlord class, insists on a necessity of “collective ownership of land” during land moving and contracting.

Key words:

land occupancy forms; collective ownership of land; semi-colonial semifeudalistic society; late Qing dynasty to early republic of China

摘要：

清末民初土地占有形式的变化显示了时代特点。帝国主义列强的入侵打破了旧中国自给自足自然经济的正常发展。在土地的私有化即官田向民田转化的过程中，地权集中到旧有地主，新兴的军阀官僚、商人、高利贷者和帝国主义列强手中，致使当时中国农民的处境愈加艰难。在考察、分析当时土地占有形式和地主阶级构成变化和特点的基础上，本文强调在当前推动土地承包经营权流转的过程中，坚决坚持“土地集体所有性质不变”的必要性。

关键词: 土地占有形式；土地集体所有性质；半殖民地半封建社会；清末民初