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    IPCC AR6'S VIEWS ON POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND HARNESS OF SOLAR RADIATION MODIFICATION ON NATURE AND SOCIETY
    ZHENG Guoliang, LIAO Hua
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240226.001
    Abstract176)      PDF(pc) (1372KB)(51)       Save
    Discussions on solar radiation modification (SRM) to harness global climate change in academic domain have been rising. This paper gives an interpretation of IPCC ARR regarding its SRM's risks and obstacles on nature and society. SRM serves as an imperfect supplement in carbon emission reduction and removal, can offset radiation from manmade green gas emission through influencing the earth's radiation balance, reaching a fast cooling down and decrease other climatic hazards, but SRM has no solution to source of green gas, whose impacts on nature and human will remain with its rising concentration. Effectiveness and potential impacts of SRM is of spatial heterogeneity, and a long-term risk may be brought to human and nature upon its execution, uncertain on the crops production, human's health and eco-system. Decision must consider the regional heterogeneity and long-term risks to avoid its negative impacts on vulnerable areas and to human's offsprings. Slow research advances, low public recognition and ethic concept, and imbalanced nation's interests impedes SRM's scientific tests and international harness. SRM's research is challenged by unreliable evaluation conclusion, doubtful assumed rationality and future uncertainty. The current scientific basis cannot effectively support SRM's international harness. Nations with different interests, values and geopolitics are hard to reach agreement on SRM. Lack of official responsibilities and laws may bring new risks to international cooperation and peace. SRM's international harness covers policies, laws, science, public participation and technical supports, which shall be jointly developed with technical research.
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    URBAN SPATIAL EXPANSION FEATURE IDENTIFICATION AND FUTURE EVOLUTION SIMULATION OF CHONGQING'S DOWNTOWN
    GUAN Dongjie, LI Mengdan, ZHOU Lilei, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 133-146.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240511.001
    Abstract110)      PDF(pc) (9320KB)(163)       Save
    Study on simulation and drives of urban temporal-spatial evolutionary features can offer references in planning urban development and managing land resources. This paper uses urban spatial expansion identification mode, spatial expansion features measuring indicators and PLUS model to study Chongqing's 1980 to 2020 urban expansion mode in its downtown, to analyze its spatial pattern changing features and to forecast the future expanding trend with revealing its drives. During 1980 to 2020, as Chongqing had a slowly rising all-directional expansion differentiation in its downtown area, its urban fragmentation has been worsening with an expansion model of “multiple-directional, multiple extended wings and multiple banded” and a pattern of “west-fast-east-slow, southwest-northeast extension”. Chongqing's downtown had experienced a rising-then-falling trend in its expansion speed and intensity, with its urban expanding direction from inner and marginal filling to exterior and urban morphology from compacting to loose, fragmentated and irregular distribution during the study period. Chongqing's downtown will expand to its vicinity in 2030, slowly, of much differentiated expanding directions, mostly influenced by economy and planning policies. Topography, GDP, distance to waters/roads, and development planning are the major drives in impacting its expanding speed. Limited by geographic conditions, under “multiple-directional, multiple-banded” urban pattern, social economic factors mainly on economy, transportation and policies are the key drives for its downtown's spatial expansion. This paper presents suggestions on fulfilling functions of economic strategy, improving economic cooperation with surrounding cities, boosting investments on infrastructure, reinforcing radiation of center city to upgrade urban internal structure and to lead the regional development. Chongqing shall incorporate eco-environmental protection into the future planning, including ecological protection areas, natural protection areas and farmland protection areas, increase resources use efficiency and plan a coordinated sustainability of city and environment.
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    SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND FACTORS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS IN COAL RESOURCE BASED CITIES
    LUO Zhengmao, GAO Honggui, WAN Huawei, CHEN Yang
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241008.001
    Abstract91)            Save
    China's coal resource-based cities have been entrapped into plight due to their excessive mining activities, which can get resolved through studying the spatial distribution and path optimization of ecological footprints in coal resource-based cities. This paper, based on China's 35 coal resource-based cities, uses energy ecological footprint model and sustainability indicators to measure their energy ecological footprints, ecological deficit/remainder, ecological efficiency and ecological sustainability, and employs STIRPAT model to study their factors. Energy ecological footprints are closely related to energy consumption in coal resource-based cities, largely varying regionally, of which central to eastern China has the maximum energy ecological footprint. Most coal resource-based cities are loosing balance in ecological supply and demands, but their resources utilization efficiency can be gradually promoted under technical advances and supportive policies from perspective of ecological efficiency. Regression results of STIRPAT model shows a positive impact of economy and population on energy ecological footprints in coal resource-based cities, but negative from technical advances. This paper presents suggestions for coal resource-based cities in economic transformation and sustainable development.
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    CONSTRUCTION OF COMPUTABLE RURAL-URBAN HOUSEHOLD CARBON ACCOUNT FRAMEWORK NESTED IN URBAN CARBON ACCOUNT

    LIU Gengyuan, WANG Lina, GAO Yuan, et al
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (2): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240304.003
    Abstract85)      PDF(pc) (2129KB)(74)       Save

    Household as the basic social unit is the major consuming entity. Carbon emission responsibilities established on consumption end are helpful to clarify the stakeholder-based dynamic mechanism for carbon reduction.  The present personal carbon management has a lot of issues, with unclear carbon emission boundary, complex personal carbon trading, personal carbon reduction entangling, and lack of stable management system, which can be resolved if household end as the trading base with urban-rural household carbon account being the core. This paper aims at establishing household carbon account framework on the basis of account range, margin, measurable methods and expandable linkage between urban carbon account and personal carbon sink. This paper summarizes the research situation of personal carbon account and household carbon account, and establishes a urban-rural household carbon account system including three sub-accounts of asset, equity and debits, and determines the measure margin, sampling method and calculation of household carbon account based on China’s featured carbon emission management system. Linkage of urban-rural household carbon account to urban carbon account has been further explained, and its methods have also been designed. Relation between urban-rural household carbon account and  individual carbon inclusion is differentiated. Combination of household carbon account with carbon market, visible hand carbon quota market with invisible hand carbon reduction equity market provides a new path for household consumption end carbon reduction, which may avoid overlapping responsibilities and easily link to China’s carbon management system. Urban-rural household carbon account can be a vital tool for China’s carbon management and carbon reduction, supporting carbon emission quota allocation, carbon reduction and trading, incentive mechanism design for carbon inclusion and mobilization of multi-level nested carbon reduction systems in cities.

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    A CASE STUDY ON “THE BELT AND ROAD” NATIONS: COUPLING & COORDINATED SPATIAL CORRELATION NETWORK BETWEEN FDI LIQUIDITY AND CARBON EMISSION
    YOU Di, HUANG Yong, YU Haozhen, YANG Chengye
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 47-62.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240919.001
    Abstract80)      PDF(pc) (2190KB)(33)       Save
    This paper uses social network analysis and coupling coordination model to study the structural features of coupling & coordinated spatial correlation network between FDI liquidity network and carbon emission transfer network in “the Belt and Road” nations during 2010 to 2016. Results show that the two networks are Results show that these two networks are of good communication in spatial correlation and a higherstability. Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are positioning at the center of networks. “The Belt and Road” nations can be divided into 4 divisions according to their clustering features in spatial correlation network, Division I is net overflow, Division II and IV are net beneficial, and Division III is bi-directional overflow. This paper presents suggestions for “the Belt and Road” nations on attracting FDI based on low carbon economy, fulfilling division features to make appropriate policies in order to reach a fine control.
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    CAN DIGITAL ECONOMY PROMOTE URBAN GREEN COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT?
    SUN Huaping, CHEN Tingting, JIANG Chengfeng, ZHAO Jiawen
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (6): 1-16.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241206.001
    Abstract73)      PDF(pc) (1249KB)(15)       Save
    It has been a vital topic for speeding up a high integration of the digital economy and green economic transformation in China's academic and social domains. This paper, based on 2005 to 2020 data of China's 280 cities, uses principal component analysis and non-expected output super-efficiency EBM model to measure cities' digital economic level and green economic efficiency and studies the impacts and mechanism of digital economic development on urban green economic efficiency in consideration of endogeneity and robustness. It concludes that digital economy can effectively improve urban green economic efficiency, and enforce the green economic diffusion effects of middle or large cities over their surrounding cities, which overcomes the echo effect over small cities, helping fulfill network effect which turning “core-periphery” structure by displaying green universal welfare functions on differently sized cities and boosting regional green economy. Improvement of digital economy on green economic efficiency is more where has a higher marketizing level and environmental regulations. Digital economy can promote green innovation and economic agglomeration, driving urban low-carbon growth. This paper presents suggestions for governments on raising support for digital industries, on making differentiated function positioning and strategies for differently sized cities, and on creating a sound marketing and policy environment for an entire green transformation.

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    ESG PERFORMANCE, R&D INVESTMENTS AND DUAL INNOVATION FROM ADJUSTMENT OF ENTERPRISES' DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
    HUANG Yongchun, LIN Di, WU Shangshuo, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 75-90.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240403.001
    Abstract70)      PDF(pc) (1406KB)(22)       Save
    Innovation is the primary force of economy. China has achieved remarkable achievements since the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy. However, the current innovative achievements are focusing on quantity rather than quality with less quality results. In order to produce quality innovative results, to resolve the bottleneck key technologies and to fasten China's quality economy, this paper uses 2011 to 2020 China's A-listed companies as sample to study the impacts and mechanism of enterprises' EGS performance on dual innovation. Their ESG performance can dramatically increase their innovative products, more on their breaking innovation, suggesting ESG can help convert resources into quality innovative products. The mechanism analysis reveals that enterprises' R&D inputs play a mediation role between ESG performance and dual innovation, which is also reinforced by their digital transformation. Heterogeneity suggests ESG performance of developing or declining enterprises plays a stronger role on breaking innovation, compared with maturing enterprises, viewing from enterprises' life circles. ESG performance of developing enterprises on breaking innovation is mainly driven by environmental and social responsibility performance, those declining by social responsibility and internal harness performance. Those developing enterprises should boost their linkages with external stakeholders to acquire more supports, and those declining should focus on their internal harness to improve their internal operations. From enterprises' strategy, cost-oriented enterprises' ESG performance on breaking innovation is stronger than differentiation-oriented ones in innovative intensity, but little difference on progressive innovation. Hence cost-orientated enterprises shall pay attention to ESG construction to promote their quality outputs. This paper presents references for revealing economic aftermath of enterprises' ESG behaviors, optimizing their innovative decisions and for governments to disclose ESG information.
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    DEVELOPMENT-ECONOMY-ENVIRONMENT COUPLING COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT AND TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF#br# YELLOW RIVER'S MINERAL RESOURCES
    WANG Chengjun, YANG Qian, FENG Tao, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 10-20.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240314.001
    Abstract69)      PDF(pc) (4188KB)(42)       Save
    Long-term over mining activities in Yellow River stream have led to severe eco-environmental issues. It is a key mission to promote a quality economy under environmental constraints. This paper, based on case study on 9 Yellow River stream provinces, selects 3 systems mineral resources development, economy and environment and their 7 tier-2 indicators and 28 tier-3 indicators to establish a coupling coordination evaluation system of mineral resources development, economy and environment in Yellow River stream, which is used to evaluate their comprehensive developing levels of the three systems in 9 provinces via their 2011 to 2021 panel data and by means of entropy. A coupling coordination model is constructed to study their coupling coordination among the three sub-systems with ArcGIS used to analyze its evolution in spatial pattern. All 9 provinces gained a rising comprehensive development index during 2011 to 2021 with down-stream higher than middle-stream and followed by the upper-stream, at 60.9%, 51.9% and 59.2% respectively. Province numbers with high coupling index have been increasing during 2011 to 2021 and provinces with low index have been decreasing. Coupling index in the middle- and down-stream is higher than the entire stream. From time scale, some provinces have been above coordinated during 2011 to 2021, some not with imbalanced coupling coordination but steadily forward. Spatially, all nine provinces have been stably rising in their coordinated index with 8 at coordinated, 88.89% of the total, high in east and low in west with polarization across provinces. This research provides theoretical references for Yellow River stream to protect and harness environment and to reach a regional economic coordinated development. This paper presents suggestions on focusing on imbalanced development, on planning, on developing mineral resources and on boosting eco-environment.
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    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 1-5.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240606.001
    Abstract68)      PDF(pc) (1248KB)(58)       Save
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    STRATEGY OF CLEAN AND EFFICIENT USE OF CHINA'S MODERN COAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
    NIE Chaofei, CHEN Wenhui, PENG Shiyao, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 6-20.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240510.002
    Abstract62)      PDF(pc) (5023KB)(46)       Save
    Abstract: Grouping of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a key path to clean and efficient use of modern coal chemical industry.China's current coal chemical industry has problems in increasing carbon emission intensity and high carbon reducing costs.This paper,based on the current status of China's modern coal chemical industry in production or producing capacity from producing, developing and planning projects,uses carbon dioxide capturing potential model and CCUS sourcing & sinking matching model to study the distribution,carbon emission,and carbon dioxide capturing potential,sourcing and sinking,and entireprocess costs of CCUS projects.China's modern coal chemical industry has formed in a layout of west Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Shanxi and Ningxia as the center,Xinjiang and Qinghai as the supplement,and east coast as the extension.Carbon emission of China's modern coal chemical industry shows a directly rising trend if considering the developing and planning projects,up to 263.88 million tons by 2020 from the developing projects, and up to 644.79 million tons from the planning projects.By 2020,carbon dioxide capturing potential of CCUS projects is up to 556.22 million tons annually,of which Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Xinjiang and Shanxi seat on the top,up to 148.73,99.88, 80.88 and 40.00 million tons respectively.On the basis of carbon dioxide capturing scales and pipe transporting economy,sourcing and sinking match is found well in Inner Mongolia & Shaanxi to Ordos basin, Shandong to Bohai bay basin, Xinjiang to Ordos and Junggar basin, Jiangsu & Zhejiang to Subei basin.Shaaxi, Shangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are suitable for prioritizing the use of modern coal chemical industry CCUS technology from the entire process costs, carbon capturing potentials and sourcing & sinking match. 
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    COUPLING COORDINATION BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION CARBON EMISSION EFFICIENCY AND ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE UNDER “DUAL CARBON”
    ZHU Zhiming, XU Jie, LI Hongyan, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 21-35.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240509.004
    Abstract61)      PDF(pc) (1411KB)(23)       Save
    Energy system entangles with ecosystem with mutual promotion and constraints.Advancement of coordination between carbon emission efficiency of energy consumption and ecological resilience is key to China's “dual carbon” strategy and quality economy.To further study their coupling coordination, this paper establishes an index system of carbon emission of energy consumption and ecological resilience based on China's 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and applies coupling coordination model, spatial autocorrelation model and GM-ARIMA model to study 2004 to 2021 coupling coordination and its temporal-spatial evolution of China's 30 provinces in their carbon emission of energy consumption and ecological resilience, and forecasts their 2022 to 2026 coupling coordination.Their mean value 2004 to 2021 carbon emission efficiency of energy consumption and ecological resilience are less than 0.6 and 0.7, classified four coupling coordination types, basic coordinated, near mis-coordinated, light mis-coordinate, moderate mis-coordinated.From time scale, their coupling coordination during 2004 to 2021 had undergone fluctuated rising, fluctuated falling, continuously falling and stably unchanging trends.Geographically, their coupling coordination has a strong positive spatial auto-correlation with their local spatial concentrating model to be average.Forecast shows that their 2022 to 2026 coupling coordination values of scenario 2 and 3 is higher than scenario 1, suggesting decreasing carbon emission intensity can not only prevent ecological destruction,  but also boost the transformation and upgrade of energy consuming structures.
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    RESEARCH ADVANCES AND HOTSPOTS IN “WATER-ENERGY-FOOD” NEXUS GLOBALLY
    LI Huimin, DAI Boxin, LI Feng, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 48-61.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240319.001
    Abstract61)      PDF(pc) (9036KB)(41)       Save
    In order to alleviate the heavy pressure on the international community caused by the contradiction between supply and demand of water, energy and food, research of their nexus is becoming a popular subject globally. This paper, in order to understand the evolution of “water-energy-food” nexus and to provide research references, uses VOSviewer and CiteSpace to study the nexus via Web of Science data and CNKI data from paper quantities, authors cooperation and country cooperation which are visualized.Key words are uses as a focus to study the nexus's developing and changing trend over time. Research on “water-energy-food”nexus had caught lots of attention globally with a rising paper quantities during 2010 to 2022.Nations have close cooperation in research. Highly-frequent key words such as sustainable development, climate change, governance and research model can not only indicate the research is based on sustainability, but also expand its research range, perspectives and methods.Research on “water-energy-food” nexus has shifted from internal mechanism to external environment during 2010 to 2022, its methods also have changed to quantitative simulations from qualitative analysis.Temporal evolution and mutation intensity of key words suggests this research of “water-energy-food” nexus have transformed to deep analysis from preliminary attempts, and new research methods have been widely used.
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    COLLABORATIVE NETWORK ON ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICES IN CHINA'S THREE MAJOR URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS
    SHEN Weining, GU Yuqi, DAI Juanjuan
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 13-25.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240904.002
    Abstract58)      PDF(pc) (3786KB)(38)       Save
    Collaborative harness of atmospheric pollution requests acoalition among local governments, which is marked by a jointly-issued environmental policies. This paper, based on official 2009 to 2019 atmospheric environmental policies, uses social network analysis (SNA) and Gephi software to map their network relationship graph among departments, and employs Ucinet to analyze their density and centrality of department collaboration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations, exploring their coordination among governmental departments during environmental harness. In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, Beijing has the most extensive atmospheric environmental policies with most departments involved and frequent coordination. Tianjin has the fewest departments involved in making atmospheric environmental policies but with premium internal department coordination. Hebei has the less policy quantities and departments, which shall be further boosted. In Yangtze River delta urban agglomeration, Shanghai has a few atmospheric environmental policies, but with most departments involved and most frequent cooperation. Zhejiang has the most policies with extensive departments involved, less in department coordination. Jiangsu is quite similar with Anhui in policy quantities and involving departments, but Anhui has the least department coordination. In Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, Chongqing has less policies, less involving departments with little cooperation. Sichuan performs better, but has yet formed a collaborative network mode among departments with “polar-kernel” features. This paper presents suggestions on fulfilling functions of urban agglomeration to establish communicating channels among regional governments and organizations and to form a multiple-department-involving and diversified normalized mechanism in harnessing atmospheric pollution.
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    SPATIAL CORRELATION CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONING MECHANISM OF INTER-PROVINCIAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
    CHEN Chen
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 90-100.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241008.003
    Abstract58)      PDF(pc) (1948KB)(9)       Save
    Industries are key to economy, fundamentally for a nation's basis. Advancing industrial structures is a vital approach to modernized industrial system, industrial core competitiveness and entering middle-upper end of global value chains. This paper uses industrial commonality index to measure China's 31 provinces' 2012 to 2021 similarity matrix of industrial structures, and applies social network analysis (SNA) and secondary assignment procedure (QAP) to study the spatial correlation characteristics and functioning mechanism. Industrial commonality index can effectively show the asymmetry between inter-provincial industrial structural similarity and regional relation. Spatial correlation network of inter-provincial industrial structures can be divided into 4 domains, the first domain includes Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Chongqing, at the top of industrial structural network which plays a leading role in optimizing industrial structures. The second domain includes Shanxi, Liaoning, Fujian and Shandong, playing a bridging and mediating role amid industrial migration, interactive with the first domain and outflowing to the third domain. The third domain includes Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Guangxi, Shaanxi and Jilin, both receiving the second domain's outflowing and outflowing to the forth domain. The forth domain includes the rest, which needs to receive industries from more developed areas in industrial structural adjustment. QAP suggests that labor inputs, human capital, capital types, and end consumption and geographic neighboring may be partially interpretated as spatially correlated, and path to inter-provincial industrial migration and receiving may be optimized. 

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    RATIONAL THOUGHTS ON LITHIUM RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION UNDER NEW ENERGY BACKGROUND
    WUYugen, SI Xiang, XU Shuping, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 90-96.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240509.007
    Abstract56)      PDF(pc) (1293KB)(39)       Save
    This paper uses statistic methods to study the global lithium resources distribution,development and utilization,and the demanding lithium metal led by the new energy industry,and discusses the issues in China's lithium resource exploration,development and utilization,and rationally analyzes the hot market in China's lithium resources.China's lithium battery industry is growing fast, leading to a surging demand for lithium mineral resources,which can not be satisfied by domestic supply,requiring vast imports.In 2021,China's dependence on imported lithium resources has decreased to 65% from the peak at 80% due to a rising domestic lithium resource development,to 55% in 2022,still highly depending on imports. China has advanced a lot in lithium resources exploration during the recent decade, both in theoretical research and in exploration practice,still with gaps in newly-added lithium reserve and exploration breakthrough with foreign mining giants. China's mining lithium has been increasing as lithium carbonate demands and prices are up,with issues in high mining costs and processing technologies.China's spodumene deposits,high grade,small size,limited by their geographic location, are hard to be mined, low in mining utilization.China's lepidolite deposits,large size, easy mining,but low grade and difficult processing.China's saline lithium has vast reserves,impacted by their geographic locations and high MG/Li ratio,leading to a slow rising production.China's private capitals are competing for domestic lithium exploration rights,resulting in overpayment for owning it,up to thousand times of asking price.Owning lithium exploration rights is not the ultimate objective,the owner should invest the exploration,mining and processing to provide lithium carbonate to the market,forming a sound development of industrial and supply chain.It's the essence of owning a lithium exploration right.
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    ASSET VALUES MATERIALIZATION MECHANISM OF FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESOURCES FROM PERSPECTIVE OF GAINS

    CAI Weimin, WANG Yanqiu, LIN Guobin, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (2): 13-22.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240304.004
    Abstract55)      PDF(pc) (1992KB)(33)       Save

    Asset values materialization of forest carbon sequestration resources plays a key role in obtaining the pilot objective of collective-owned natural resources asset entrust. This paper, based on a framework of situation-proposal-theory-system, studies how to materialize the asset values of forest carbon sequestration resources, providing reference for stakeholders to gain from ownership. Forest storage expansion method and market value method are used to measure the forest carbon sequestration values balance of China’s recent four times of inventorying forest resources with results showing that the balance is huge and has been steadily increasing, which explains the significance of this study. Governmental public data shows that forest carbon sequestration, owning huge values, can be converted into gains only from a small proportion. Forest administrations largely rely on governmental funding. It is vital to create new model to materialize forest carbon sequestration values, to convert balance into asset gains and to realize stakeholders’ benefits. This paper, based on the core connotation of Marxist dialectical materialism, presents a point of gain system view that is macroscopic, linking, and developing design. It equally treats natural resources’ economic values and asset gains, from gains to all-sharing objective. Each key step has been linked to materialize the economic values of forest carbon sequestration resource assets. Based on gain system view, this paper constructs the theoretical mechanism of forest carbon sequestration resource assets from overall framework, key steps and guarantees, initially forming a theoretical system which is employed to conduct system construction. Gains can be obtained through market, finance and industries, and suggestions on system optimization are given. Guarantees of gains can be through interactive-complete entrust, and also through collective ownership in distribution system from three distributions among central government, local government, enterprise and all people. Gain budget and use management should be established to make gain distribution institutional, normalized and public. 

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    EMPIRICAL STUDY ON “RESOURCES CURSE” EFFECTS AND TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS IN VULNERABLE ENVIRONMENTS BASED ON A CASE STUDY ON NORTHWESTERN FIVE PROVINCES
    LI Peng, FU Xiaorui, WANG Pufan, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 30-39.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240228.002
    Abstract54)      PDF(pc) (1286KB)(26)       Save
    The northwestern China is facing an imbalanced resources, environment and economy, which needs to verify if the “resource curse” effects and transmission mechanism exist among resources occurrence, resources industrial dependence and economic development to reach a sustainable development in northwestern “resources-economy-environment”. This paper selects 2006 to 2020 panel data of 30 prefectures in China's northwestern 5 provinces to explore the existence of resources curse, presents a conditional “resources curse” hypothesis that resource dependence has an upside-down U-shaped relation with economy. On the basis of clarification of resource abundance and resource dependence, resource dependence is used as explainable variable to study “resources curse”, and GMM is employed to conduct regression analysis on the benchmark model and transmission mechanism. “Resources curse” exists in northwestern China with its resource dependence having an upside-down U-shaped relationship with economy. Material capital investment plays a negative role on economy, more at its curve inflection point, suggesting it do little on avoiding “resources curse”, and may led to its happening to some degree. Employment growth rate, technical inputs, human capital inputs and infrastructures have little effect on economy and curve inflection point, but governmental intervention plays an outstandingly negative role in economy. Estimation of transmission mechanism doesn't show that “resources curse” in the northwestern China has a strong squeezing effect on manufacturing and foreign trading, possibly due to its local supportive policies and developing stages, but the negative impacts of resources dependence on manufacturing and openness cannot be ignored. This paper presents suggestions on boosting private capital construction to improve the impacts of its unfavorable location, on increasing investment along with attracting talents, and on upgrading industrial structure and industrial internal development.
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    DRIVERS FOR REDUCING POLLUTION & CARBON IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA BASED ON DUAL-NESTED LMDI
    FAN Yuanhua, WANG Shijin
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 37-46.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240830.001
    Abstract52)      PDF(pc) (4435KB)(17)       Save
    Synergy of pollution & carbon reduction is a key path to China's green low carbon quality development. It is still unclear that how their synergy and harness between air pollutants represented by SO2 & CO2 and green house gas reduction drivers is. This paper, based on 34 prefectures' 2006 to 2020 data in Yangtze River delta, uses LMDI model to decompose SO2 & CO2 emission drivers with the results nested with pollution & carbon-reduction synergy model, and measures their contribution and synergy of pollution & carbon-reduction drivers in energy, economy and environment. Effects of energy structural intensity, economic development and population size play a synergy on SO2 & CO2 reduction in Yangtze River delta, of which only energy structural intensity is positive, other drivers are negative or of no synergy. To advance China's green low carbon quality growth, this paper presents suggestion on fulfilling drivers of synergy in pollution & carbon-reduction along with the potentials of non-synergy factors.
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    FORECASTS OF GLOBAL FPSO MARKET DEMANDS FOR 2025, 2030 AND 2035 BY A COMBINED METHOD BASED ON MULTI-ALGORITHM INTEGRATED ANALYSIS
    GUO Jingyi, WANG Ling, FANG Yutong
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 198-206.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241029.001
    Abstract51)      PDF(pc) (1900KB)(18)       Save
    This paper studies the market demands of Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO), presents a way to forecast the global FPSO market demands. By means of a method integrated with entropy, artificial neural network, random forest regression, ADABOOST regression, and ARMA model, this paper forecasts the global FPSO orders with the results showing that FPSO needs 9 ships in 2025, 10 in 2030 and 12 in 2035, suggesting a stable rising global FPSO market demand in the future ten years. China's ship manufacturers should pay close attention on the impacts of crude oil price on FPSO market demands and use new technologies in reducing carbon emission and increasing market shares.
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    ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION RESEARCH VISUALIZATION OF CHINA'S STREAMS AIMING AT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT
    ZHANG Jinsuo, LIU Jinhua
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 26-36.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240904.001
    Abstract50)      PDF(pc) (2897KB)(20)       Save
    Research on status, hotspots and trend of ecological protection of China's streams can provide theoretical references for ecological protection of China's streams. This paper uses visualization tool CiteSpace to study 1013 pieces of 1997 to 2023 papers on stream ecological protection and depicts its research status. These domestic research papers can be classified into three stages, initial exploration, developing and maturing stages. The hotspots cover four aspects, stream eco-system and management, ecological repair and restoration, ecological protection and safety, and ecological quality development. The major mission of stream ecological protection has undergone three stages, water-soil loss and construction, eco-system restoration and management & protection, and eco-cultural construction and quality development. Research on stream ecological protection will be focusing on eco-system sustainability and repair, stream comprehensive harness and coalition, and water resource sustainable use and protection.
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    A CASE STUDY ON CHANGCHUN'S JIUTAI DISTRICT: DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF ALL-FOR-ONE TOURING DESTINATION BASED ON TOURISTS' SATISFACTION
    FANG Fei, JIN Ming
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 156-169.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240613.001
    Abstract50)      PDF(pc) (1592KB)(23)       Save
    All-for-one tourism is a new concept and mode that is presented for innovative touring destination development, which can be evaluated by tourists' satisfaction. This paper, viewing from perspective of tourists' satisfaction perception, establishes an evaluation index system for all-for-one touring destination, which is used to quantitatively evaluate all-for-one touring destination based on a case of Changchun's Jiutai district by means of questionnaire, factor analysis and IPA, aiming at a full understanding of the development of all-for-one touring destination from tourists' perspective, and exploring the gap between all-for-one tourism and tourists' expectations. Tourists' satisfaction on Jiutai district lies between generally satisfied and relatively satisfied, overall at a good level with a lower evaluation score, leaving room to be improved. Factor analysis indicates that, among 4 factors, tourist source market demand gains the highest evaluating score, followed by all-for-one touring resources and destination, all-for-one touring products are low, which needs more attention during development of all-for-one tourism. IPA suggests that among 28 evaluation indictors touring destination location, foods, accommodation, transportation, resort allocation, touring event experiences are high in their evaluation, which need to be well maintained and innovatively developed. Tourists' satisfaction indicators have lower sensitivity on diversity of touring resources and all-for-one touring destination supply, which needs to be maintained as it is. Indicators such as touring resources value, touring resources protection, local featured culture, seasonality of resources, resources distribution, product abundance, resort features, touring administration, touring advertisement, touring safety and smart tourism supporting facilities are limited in attracting tourists, needing to be improved. 9 indicators resources development extent, brand, environmental quality, resorts correlation, timelessness of touring products, prices of touring products, cost performance of touring products, integration with related industries and touring infrastructures are the weak part in Jiutai's all-for-one tourism which need to be developed with priority.
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    KNOWLEDGE GRAPH AND TREND OF URBAN RESILIENCE INFRASTRUCTURES FOR ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION CONSTRUCTION
    YANG Ning, LIU Gang, HUANG Chen, WANG Ying, DU Hui, ZHANG Yongcheng
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (6): 48-61.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241128.001
    Abstract49)      PDF(pc) (11987KB)(11)       Save
    As global climate change accelerates and urbanization develops fast, urban civilization construction is confronting a big challenges  against surging urban flooding. Urban resilience infrastructure construction can be paying a key role in reducing urban flooding loss and raising ecological civilization. This paper, aiming at the topic of urban resilience infrastructure construction under ecological civilization, systematically studies 1998 to 2024 relating papers published in Wos and CNIK database, constructs a knowledge graph of urban resilience infrastructures and analyze the research trend of its impacts on urban ecological civilization by means of key words frequency, newly emerging words and quoted analysis. Research paper on urban resilience infrastructures is stably rising in amount, faster especially since 2008 showing a trend of cross-domain cooperation. Research hotspots have turned to  comprehensive measures including low-impact development, sponge cities and resilient cities from earlier engineering measures which were focused on drainage system and anti-flooding engineering, now it develops into blue-green infrastructures (rainfall garden, green roof and wet lands) combined with resilience harness, marking an emphasis on ecological functions and sustainability. Focuses on urban resilience infrastructures vary among researchers globally, most CNKI papers on risks and resilience assessment, while most WoS papers on impacts and measures of climatic changes. This study reveals a trend and an evolutionary rule of research on urban resilience infrastructures under ecological civilization construction, offering references for future studies. This paper presents suggestions on boosting ecological resilience and cross-domain integration to improve urban overall resilience and adaptability as extreme climatic events rise.
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    COUPLING COORDINATION BETWEEN NEW URBANIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UNDER PROVINCIAL SCALE
    LIANG Hanwei, XIA Huaixia, CHEN Shuang, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 97-113.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240325.001
    Abstract48)      PDF(pc) (10627KB)(28)       Save
    China's rapidly-growing new urbanization has adversely affected China's regional sustainable development, which has also been challenged by rising global warming and extreme climate events. Study on the coupling coordination between new urbanization and sustainable development has become an imperative task in advancing China's high-quality economic growth. This paper, based on 2003 to 2019 population, economic, social and eco-environmental data of China's provinces, uses comprehensive index of new urbanization and environmental enhanced sustainable development index(ESDI)to establish a coupling coordination model and Gray Forecast Model GM(1, 1), which are applied to study the temporal-spatial evolution of coupling coordination between new urbanization and sustainable development and its developing trend. China's sustainable development largely varies with provinces, quantity of provinces with low ESDI first increased and then fell during 2003 to 2019, while those with high ESDI continuously rose. China's provinces are basically disordered or basically coordinated in their coupling coordination degree, generally showing a changing trend from basically disordered to basically coordinated, leaving most provinces’ new urbanization in lagging or blocked. This paper predicts that from 2020 to 2024, the coupling coordination degree between new urbanization and sustainable development are in basically coordinated in China's 20 provinces, 9 in basically disordered, and only Inner Mongolia in extremely disordered.
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    STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF JIANGSU’S CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONSTRAINED BY CARBON REDUCTION AND WATER ECOLOGICAL CARRYING CAPACITY

    CHEN Junfei, CHE Yajing, GU Yan, et al
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (2): 111-123.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240305.002
    Abstract48)      PDF(pc) (1661KB)(34)       Save

    Yangtze River economic zone, as China’s key strategic zone, is closely related to national development by its ecological restoration and resources use. Jiangsu’s chemical industry, an intensive polluting and resources-depleting industry, needs to properly handle industrial development and resources & environmental protection, which is of significance to protect Yangtze River and realize carbon reduction. This paper establishes a multiple-objective optimization model of chemical industry under dual constraints of carbon reduction and water ecological carrying capacity, and applies NSGA-II-VIKOR algorithm to discuss the way to adjust Jiangsu’s chemical industrial structure. Balanced development scenario, compared with low-carbon, water-saving and economic development scenarios, can save water of 998.48×104  m3 , reduce carbon emission intensity by 4.27%, and make GDP rising rate up to 4.73% on the basis of benchmark year 2017. Water resources are used efficiently and carbon emission is largely reduced, while economy gains high-quality development. Chemical industrial structure needs to be adjusted through developing rubber and plastics, limiting petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, using water-saving and carbon-reducing measures in chemical fiber manufacturing. Optimization of chemical industry needs to promote clean energy and reform energy consuming structure, with coal use down by 5.54% and gas & electricity use up by 5.45%. Water resources allocation should be consistent with industrial structural adjustment, which can save water by 9.8% in petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, and 5.14% in chemical fiber manufacturing, which can be transferred to rubber and plastics sector. This paper presents suggestions on increasing regional ecological carrying capacity to realize high-quality development, establishing clean energy consuming system to raise energy efficiency, developing water-saving industries to materialize a coordinated sustainability in industrial development and water ecology.

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    TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EVOLUTION AND FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIALIZED SERVICING LEVEL IN THE MAJOR CROP PRODUCTION AREAS

    HUA Jian, WU Yaru
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (2): 86-100.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240306.004
    Abstract47)      PDF(pc) (2960KB)(20)       Save

    Securing supply of key agricultural products like crops is the first task for reviving countryside, which can be satisfied through agricultural socialized servicing linking traditional farmer and modern agriculture. This paper, aiming at promoting agricultural socialized servicing, based on its developing logics, uses provincial panel data from 2008 to 2021, entropy, spatial auto-correlation and geographic detectors to measure the agricultural socialized servicing level in the major crop production areas, and to explore its temporal-spatial evolution and factors. During research period, agricultural socialized servicing level in the major crop production areas has been rising, supported by technical information servicing and public servicing. Agricultural socialized servicing in the three major crop production areas has been improved, ranking in a decreasing order, Huanghuaihai, Yangtze River basin, and northeast, displaying different structural features. Spatially, agricultural socialized servicing displays a south-high and north-low pattern, varying provincially but with positively rising concentration. Many factors impact it in a varying manner; top 2 factors include economy and agriculture scale from the view of economic and social development, and agricultural land scale operation and rural residents’ income from the view of rural production and life. This paper present suggestions on overall construction and structural optimization, on making use of resources, on trans-regional sharing resources and regional coordination, on improving rural environment, and on creating more advantages for agricultural socialized servicing.

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    ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF GREEN HYDROGEN REPLACING GRAY HYDROGEN IN CHINA'S PROVINCES BASED ON WIND AND PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION:BASED ON DETAILED GEOGRAPHIC GRID ANALYSIS
    ZHANG Rongda, ZHAO Xiaoli, ZHANG Qingbin, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 134-146.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240513.001
    Abstract47)      PDF(pc) (6522KB)(27)       Save
    To further study the economic feasibility of green hydrogen energy to replace gray hydrogen energy in China's provinces based on wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation, this paper uses remote sensing to analyze the occurrences of renewable energies in China's geographic grids unit,and calculates China's provinces demand for hydrogen,gray hydrogen producing cost,green hydrogen producing cost,average transporting distance and using cost,which are employed the above data to explore the economic feasibility and volumes of green hydrogen energy to replace gray hydrogen energy in China's provinces and to forecast its outlook.Wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation work well in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang ,Hebei and other individual northern provinces. In 2022, the cost of using green hydrogen in some regions of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Hebei and other provinces has been lower than the cost of using gray hydrogen China's green hydrogen energy has a total quantity 518.0 to 3 356.2 kt in replacing gray hydrogen in 2022, expected to be rising up to 41 680 to 81 760 kt in 2040 as technology on wind power generation,photovoltaic power generation and electrolyzer is advancing and carbon trading price is rising,even up to 279 000 to 480 000 kt in 2060. In 2040,the demand for hydrogen and the amount of green hydrogen produced in various provinces in China are quite different,green hydrogen production is relatively higher in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai,with a total supply of 13.52 to 34.10 million tons to other provinces,while green hydrogen production is insufficient in Ningxia, Shanxi,Sichuan and Henan,where need a 5.16 to 9.46 million tons to meet their needs.
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    TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EVOLUTION AND DRIVING MECHANISM OF URBAN INDUSTRIAL ECO-EFFICIENCY IN MIDDLE- TO UPPER-STEAM OF YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE BASED ON CASES STUDY OF CHENGDUCHONGQING ECONOMIC CIRCLE AND WUHAN METROPOLITAN CIRCLE
    CHEN Jianming, QIAN Mufan, ZHOU Shenbei
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 50-61.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240220.001
    Abstract47)      PDF(pc) (2710KB)(39)       Save
    Realization of optimal industrial eco-efficiency is of significance to industrial green growth. This paper uses non-expected output SBM model to measure their 2010 to 2021 industrial eco-efficiency of 26 cities in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and Wuhan metropolitan circle as representative in the upper- to middle-stream of Yangtze River economic zone, and employs ArcGIS's visualization tools to compare their temporal-spatial evolution, and applies Tobit model and geographical detector model to identify their drives. It shows that their industrial eco-efficiency displays a fluctuating rising trend in two urban circles, with gap in the optimal efficiency. Polarizations partially exist inside prefectures in both circles. Industrial eco-efficiency is jointly constrained by R&D inputs, economy, transportation and openness, of which economy and transportation play a stronger promotion, others play a little in a need of raising foreign investment and intensifying research & development inputs to reach a positive promotion. This paper presents suggestions on strengthening an integrated development inside & outside of urban circle, establishing collective innovation network and increasing openness, aiming at promoting industrial eco-efficiency and local quality economic growth in the middle- and upper-stream of Yangtze River economic zone.
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    CARBON DIOXIDE REBOUND EFFECT BY CHINESE HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES CONSUMPTION FROM PERSPECTIVE OF “WATER-ENERGY-FOOD”
    CHENG Yusong, LI Yurong, ZHAO Yuhua
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 62-77.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240509.003
    Abstract46)      PDF(pc) (4062KB)(16)       Save
    Carbon dioxide rebound effect is the root cause of rising carbon emission along with improving carbon emission efficiency.To further promote energy-saving-emission-reducing potential of Chinese household' resources consumption,this paper,aiming at the producing mechanism of carbon dioxide rebound effect (CRE) from household “water-energy-food” system, uses IPCC to estimate the 2015 to 2020 carbon emission of household water, energy and food consumption in China's 30 provinces, and applies changeable coefficient panel data model to calculate carbon dioxide rebound effect of household “water-energy-food” system,and analyzes its factors.2015 to 2020 carbon dioxide emission from Chinese household “water-energy-food” system in 30 provinces shows heterogeneity,generally stable from household water use,rising from household energy consumption,unchanging or falling from household food consumption.2015 to 2020 carbon dioxide rebound effect of household “water-energy-food” system can be classified as three forms,backfire effect,partial rebound effect and super-energy-saving effect.Rebound effects of household water use are partial rebound effect and super-energy-saving effect,that of household energy consumption is partial rebound effect,and that of household food consumption is super-energy-saving effect.Household usable income per capita and household size are the major factors impacting their carbon dioxide rebound effect of household “water-energy-food” system in China.The change trend of household per capita disposable income is consistent with the carbon dioxide rebound effect of household water consumption, while the change trend of household size is consistent with the carbon dioxide rebound effect of household energy consumption. 
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    OPTIMIZED ALLOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL LAND USE UNDER NEW PRODUCTIVE FORCES BASED ON A CASE STUDY OF JIANGSU PROVINCE
    ZHANG Peng, WANG Bo
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (6): 92-97.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241024.004
    Abstract45)      PDF(pc) (1223KB)(16)       Save
    Industrial land use is a vital space for holding industrial system construction, its allocating effectiveness directly impacts modernized industrial system construction and development of new productive forces. This paper, bases on a case of Jiangsu province that has a significant base for new productive forces, summarizes its practices and performances in industrial land use allocation, analyzes the issues and presents suggestions, offering references for developing new productive forces through optimized allocation of industrial land use for Jiangsu province or other areas. Jiangsu province has developed key industrial chains into its pros through precisely effective industrial land use allocation, formed a flexible land supply mode via reforming land allocating regime for new industries, and uses extensive land use strategy to find ways to economy. Issues are still existing in industrial land use allocation in three aspects, a fuzzy definition of new industrial land use which requires an further optimization of its industrial land use planning and land supply policies, land supply/withdraw and property ownership system awaiting improvement to meet demands of new industries by land use standards, insufficient in joint supervision by multiple departments after land supplies. This paper presents policy suggestions of and innovative approaches to optimized allocation of industrial land uses from planning which needs to renew pricing standards to explore a flexible land use mode, from effective land use allocation that requires breakthrough in land functions and enabling land inventory and a flexible land supply way, and from supervision which needs optimizing industrial selection, detailing criteria of land users and improving joint supervision.
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    THE IMPACTS OF PORT-CITY COORDINATION ON URBAN ECONOMY IN LIAONING'S COASTAL ECONOMIC ZONE
    ZHOU Baogang, YUE Lin
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (5): 78-89.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241008.002
    Abstract44)      PDF(pc) (1396KB)(9)       Save
    Port-city coordination is a vital path to port city's quality development, which requires a scientific positioning and a clarification of its positive impacts on port-city coordination. This paper, aiming at a quality economic growth in Liaoning's costal economic zone, uses their interactive coordination among its six ports and inland cities to establish an index evaluation system of port development and urban economy, with weights given to indexes via entropy, and applies coupling coordination model to estimate their 2013 to 2021 coupling coordination of six ports and cities in Liaoning's coastal economic zone, establishes a panel data model to analyze its impacts of port-city coordination on urban economic growth. It concludes that technical innovation and green development are key factors to Liaoning's coastal economic zone's quality growth. Port-city development vary with ports and cities, higher port-city coordination in Dalian,Yingkou and Panjin, lower in Huludao. Port-city coordination is favorable for inland cities' economy with its contribution related to urban relevance on port-city coordination and port sizes. This paper presents suggestions on green & innovative development, advancing port levels through featured advantages and upgrading urban servicing guarantees by means of locality resources.
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    MULTI-SCENARIO DEMAND FORECAST OF RAW NICKEL IN CHINA BASED ON GRAY GM-BP NEURAL NETWORK COMPOUND MODEL

    ZHOU Wenxiao, ZHAN Cheng, ZHANG Zhouyi, et al
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (2): 53-66.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20231123.001
    Abstract42)      PDF(pc) (1530KB)(29)       Save
    National Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020), issued in 2016, lists nickel as strategic mineral. China is the largest nickel consumer, but insufficient in nickel resources with high dependence on external supply. Scientific forecast of raw nickel demand is of significance to secure nickel production and supply chains. This paper uses gray correlation to select China’s stainless steel production, GDP per capita, electroplating market scale, urbanization rate, industrial structure, and new energy vehicle production as driving variables to forecast nickel demand under different scenarios from demand side, and combines gray GM(1, 1) model with BP neural network to construct a GM-BP model based on residual minimization, which is used to forecast China’s nickel demand from 2015 to 2035. This compound model is effective in forecasting non-linear sequence data, with the fitting error smaller than GM(1, 1) model. China’s demand for raw nickel is forecasted at 1 822.2 kt in 2025, 2 720.8 kt in 2030 and 3 951.7 kt in 2035 at an annual rising rate of 4.26% in the 14th  Five-Year Plan, 10.54% in the 15th  Five-Year Plan and 9.78% in the 16th  Five-Year Plan. The rising demand trend for raw nickel will lead to a conflict between its supply and demand. China has to raise its supply capacity and decrease dependence on imports. This paper presents suggestions on upgrading stainless steel industry, optimizing processing and producing new alloy materials, and on boosting nickel exploration and development, and on diversifying import sources, and on supporting Chinese investors’ overseas nickel projects.
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    IMPACTS OF FIXED ASSET INVESTMENT ON CARBON EMISSION IN OIL-GAS SECTOR UNDER “DUAL CARBON” OBJECTIVE
    FAN Qiufang, GAO Mengqi, LIU Haomin
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 36-47.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240509.006
    Abstract42)      PDF(pc) (1266KB)(15)       Save
    This paper, aiming at the relation between fixed asset investment and carbon emission in oil-gas sector, uses China's 2002 to 2021 oil-gas sector panel data to establish a fixed effect model for exploring the impacts of fixed asset investment on carbon emission, and employs mediating effect model and stepwise regression to study the relation among fixed asset investment, R&D investment per capita and carbon emission in oil-gas sector and the impacting mechanism. Fixed asset investment in oil-gas sector has largely decreased carbon emission ratio with an impact coefficient at -1.913, which means increasing fixed asset investment in oil-gas sector can outstandingly decrease carbon dioxide emission. Regression on replacing explained variables/explaining variables and adding controlling variables confirms the above results. R&D investment per capita plays a mediating role between fixed asset investment and carbon emission ratio with a mediating value at 24.7%, fixed asset investment in the oil-gas sector significantly reduced R&D investment per capita, while R&D investment per capita can effectively limit carbon emission ratio via green technical innovation. The impact of fixed asset investment on carbon emissions in the oil-gas sector is short-term and the impact coefficient is small, while the impact on main business income is long-term and the impact coefficient is large. During stably growing and transforming periods in China's oil-gas sector, fixed asset investment difference impacts carbon emission ratio, heterogeneity test showing that there is no obvious correlation between fixed asset investment and carbon emission ratio during the stably growing period, and that fixed asset investment can largely limit carbon emission ratio during transforming/upgrading period in oil-gas sector.
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    IMPACTS AND MECHANISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENSES ON ECO-EFFICIENCIES OF FINE CHEMICALS ENTITIES
    XU Feng, YANG Yan, XIANG Nan, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 40-49.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240219.001
    Abstract41)      PDF(pc) (1458KB)(12)       Save
    Environmental expenses of fine chemical entities is a general guarantee to environmental pollution, and also a vital approach to entities' green sustainability. Eco-efficiency is an important index for evaluating green development. Study of impacts and mechanism of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency of fine chemical entities is helpful to drive economic growth and reduce pollution, offering supports to entities' quality development. This paper uses SBM-GML model to estimate 2011 to 2021 eco-efficiencies of 55 fine chemical entities in Shangyu industrial park, and analyzes the heterogeneity of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency from timescale, property and sub-industries. A threshold model is established to discuss the mechanism of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency. Fine chemical entities in the park have increased their eco-efficiency by 55.5% from 2011 to 2021, positively driven by environmental expenses, more outstandingly among internal capital and medicine entities during the “12-th 5-Year-Plan”. Entities have raised their resources utilization efficiency, further promoting the positive pushing of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency. Environmental expenses exert little impacts on eco-efficiency when green technology is above the threshold value, and will largely decrease impacts when environmental expense is 48.8% more than the total cost. This paper presents suggestions for fine chemical entities to improve eco-efficiency and provides supports to make environmental plannings.
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    CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM OF BRINE LITHIUM RESOURCES EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
    WANG Nan, ZHAO Yanjun, LIU Chenglin, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 118-132.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240606.002
    Abstract41)      PDF(pc) (1498KB)(32)       Save
    This paper, based on principles of systematicness, accessibility and easy operability of indicators selection, selects 19 indicators 
    including Mg/Li in mineralization conditions of brine lithium deposits from geology, mining, economics and environmental constraints to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system of brine lithium resource exploration and development, which can offer references for comprehensively evaluating the same kind of lithium deposit exploration and development. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) used to give weights to indicators is applied to evaluate the exploration and development conditions of five brine lithium deposits in Tibet, including Zhabuye saline. The primary factor impacting exploration and development of brine lithium deposits is geology, characterized by their geology, water chemistry and resources occurrence, followed by the secondary factors environmental constraints and economy. Yiliping saline brine lithium resource in Qaidam basin has a highest score in exploration and development, at 87.69, followed by Bieletan district in Qarhan saline at 87.50, then by Zhabuye saline in Tibet at 85.02, Jiangling depression in Jianghan basin at 73.53, and Mahai saline at 56.96. This evaluation which has been validated by its operability and feasibility, reveals the reality of brine lithium deposit exploration and development under the current economic situation, which offers references for brine lithium resources exploration, investment and development and for economic planning. 
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    DOES WATER ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION URBAN CONSTRUCTION PILOT IMPACT GREEN EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL WATER RESOURCES?
    ZHANG Bing, YU Yichen, ZOU Chen
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 62-74.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240429.001
    Abstract40)      PDF(pc) (1733KB)(17)       Save
    Water ecological civilization urban construction pilot (WECCP) is a key way to ecological civilization construction, meaningful to China's quality economic development. This paper, taking WECCP as a quasi-natural experiment, selects 2006 to 2021 panel data of China's 248 cities to establish a progressive DID model, which is used to study how the pilot impacts industrial water resources green efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis of region, economy and industrial basis is carried out by grouped samples via mediating effect's three-stepped mechanism. WECCP can dramatically increase industrial water resources green efficiency by passing robustness tests such as parallel trend test, placebo test, replacement measurement model and PSM. Mediating effect of impacting mechanism of industrial structural upgrading is 12.17% of the total effects, and green technical innovation is 45.43%, suggesting industrial structural upgrading and green technical innovation can largely impact WECCP as two vital mechanisms. Heterogeneity exists in the impacts of WECCP, which plays a more outstanding role in improving industrial water resources green efficiency in eastern China with higher economic level and non-old industrial bases than in central-western China with low economic level and old industrial bases. This paper presents suggestions on continuing WECCP, planning industrial structure and raising green innovative capabilities and appropriately constructing water ecological civilization plans.
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    IMPACTS OF CORPORATE COLLECTIVISM CULTURE ON ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE FROM PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL NETWORK
    ZHANG Yang, WANG Yuxin, TIAN Ming
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 180-194.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240510.001
    Abstract40)      PDF(pc) (1317KB)(2)       Save
    To further study the relation of corporate collectivism culture with organizational resilience,this paper,from perspective of social network, uses 2012 to 2021 China's A-listed companies' panel data to study the impacts of corporate collectivism culture on organizational resilience, and the mediating effect of corporate commercial social capital/political social capital on between corporate collectivism culture and organizational resilience.Impacting coefficient of corporate collectivism culture on organizational resilience is 0.513 7,outstanding above 1%, suggesting a positive promotion or corporate collectivism culture on organizational resilience.Regression coefficient of corporate collectivism culture on corporate commercial social capital is 11.941 9,outstanding above 5%, suggesting a positive relation that corporate collectivism culture promote accumulation of corporate commercial social capital.Impacts of corporate collectivism culture on organizational resilience is still obvious after adding the intermediary variable of corporate commercial social capital,with regression coefficient at 0.517 1,outstanding above 1%. Regression coefficient of corporate commercial social capital on organizational resilience is 0.000 3,outstanding above 5%,suggesting a mediating role of corporate commercial social capital between corporate collectivism culture and organizational resilience.Regression coefficient of corporate collectivism culture on corporate political social capital is 0.935 4, outstanding above 10%,suggesting a positive relation that corporate collectivism culture can promote the accumulation of corporate political social capital. Impacts of corporate collectivism culture on organizational resilience is still outstanding after the mediating variable corporate political social capital,with its regression coefficient at 0.508 7, outstanding above 1%. Regression coefficient of corporate political social capital on organizational resilience is 0.005 4, outstanding above 10%,suggesting a mediating role of corporate political social capital between corporate collectivism culture and organizational resilience.
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    AN APPROACH TO “COAL-ELECTRICITY CONTRADICTION” ISSUE: REVIEWS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF COAL-ELECTRICITY ENTITIES
    LIU Pingkuo, GUI Junqing, YANG Siyuan, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (4): 21-29.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240131.001
    Abstract39)      PDF(pc) (1466KB)(25)       Save
    Reconstruction of coal-electricity entities is a vital approach to the structural issues of “coal-electricity contradiction”. Reconstruction of central enterprises had basically been effective, still with insufficient recognition in coal-electricity sector, which affects execution of policies. This paper studies the reconstruction obstacles of coal-electricity entities from regime, based on general rules of new institutional economics in an order of “coal-electricity contradiction”→“coal-electricity trading”→“property right optimization”→“adjusting prices”, clarifies the relationship between coal-electricity property and energy prices, and focuses on its effectiveness of property right optimized allocation on coal-electricity trading process. Organization theory is employed to analyze the structurally logical relation between coal-electricity contradiction and coal-electricity trading with results showing that source of coal-electricity contradiction comes from unsaved costs amid coal-electricity trading. The root logical relation between coal-electricity trading and coal-electricity property revealed by modern property theory and trading cost theory suggests that optimized allocation of property determine the resources allocating efficiency and organizational efficiency of coal-electricity trading. A gaming model of coal-electricity indicates the negative externality under invalid or fuzzy property, adjustable pricing ways are set under different property allocations. Trading costs have been ignored amid the reconstruction of coal-electricity entities, weakening its effectiveness and the market adjusting capabilities, leading to coal-electricity contradiction. Unclear trading costs result in fuzzy property allocation amid reconstruction of coal-electricity entities, allocation of excessive controlling is simple and straight, which constrains its merging and organizational efficiencies of coal-electricity entities. The fuzzy coal-electricity property allocation contributes to the shifted pricing mechanism. This paper puts forward suggestions on establishing an accounting system of coal-electricity trading cost, optimizing the mixed governing modes and establishing flexible pricing mechanism to mitigate “coal-electricity contradiction”. 
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    DECOMPOSITION OF THE DRIVERS OF CARBON EMISSIONS FROM ECONOMIC OPERATIONS AND RESIDENTS' LIVINGS IN REPRESENTATIVE PROVINCES IN CHINA
    HUANG Weida, WU Jun, YANG Peng, et al.
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (3): 195-209.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240509.010
    Abstract37)      PDF(pc) (2168KB)(4)       Save
    China's provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) vary in their economic development,industrial structures,energy consuming modes, which complicates their carbon emission features.To identify their carbon emission drives in different provinces can help reach China's strategy of “dual carbon”. This paper uses Q-type cluster to divide China's 30 provinces into 4 clusters: leading, exploring, reforming and troubling based on GDP per capita and carbon emission intensity,and presented by Beijing, Sichuan, Tianjin and Inner Mongolia respectively.LMDI is used to study their 2000 to 2019 driving factors for increasing carbon emission from economic operations and residents' livings. Beijing,Sichuan,Tianjin and Inner Mongolia's carbon emission shows a rising trend by population effect of economic operations and GDP per capita effect of economic operations, a declining trend by structural effect of economic operations, energy consuming intensity effect of economic operations,energy structural effect of economic operations.Their carbon emission driven by population effect of residents' livings and energy consuming intensity effect of residents' livings displays a rising trend.Beijing and Tianjin's carbon emission shows a declining trend due to urbanization effect of residents' livings, while a rising trend in Sichuan and Inner Mongolia. Carbon emission driven by energy structural effect of residents' livings has been falling in Beijing, Sichuan and Inner Mongolia,but rising in Tianjin.
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    CORRELATION MEASUREMENT AND EFFECTS OF CHINA’S NEW ENERGY INDUSTRIES

    YAO Baoshuai, BAO Ning, LIU Xianting, et al
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (2): 36-52.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240306.002
    Abstract37)      PDF(pc) (1751KB)(35)       Save
    Energy consumption transformation is necessary in the new developing era. Energy structure transformation based on new energy is an important part in China’s modernization. This paper, in order to study the impact of China’s new energy industries on economy, compiles new energy economy input/output tables of 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2020. To further analyze the inner connection within new energy industries, this paper uses structural decomposition to estimate endogenous multiplier effect, drawback effect and spillover effect of new energy industries. New energy industrial scale has been increasing, with its added value rate at a high level but its impact less than the average, not strong enough to boost economy. New energy industrial sectors have no strong inner correlation, but they have post-direct correlation with all industrial sectors, including manufacturing and construction under indirect depletion. Static decomposition shows that endogenous multiplier effect, drawback effect and spillover effect of new energy industries are all below the average, among which spillover effect is the major source of its increasing output, but falling in 2020, roughly equal to endogenous multiplier effect’s contribution. The further dynamic decomposition suggests that the major source of increased outputs is stimulated by other sectors’ final demand to its sectors’ final demand and to other new sectors’ final demand. Generally, new energy industries have a rising correlation with other industries. New energy industries are at an upgrading stage. This paper presents suggestions on boosting research and development to intensify its leading role in economy, planning its industrial cluster and linking with such industries as manufacturing and construction, giving supportive policies to increase its sensing capacity. 
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    COUPLING COORDINATION AMONG BASIC PUBLIC SERVICES, POPULATION URBANIZATION AND ECO-ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY ON GANSU’S HEXI AREA

    YANG Xuelian, CHEN Bingpu, MO Qijiang, et al
    Resources & Industries    2024, 26 (2): 76-85.   DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240305.003
    Abstract36)      PDF(pc) (1528KB)(18)       Save

    As new urbanization rapidly advances, a variety of urban issues begin to emerge, which makes urbanization quality a key point for regional development, marked by a coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment. This paper, based on a case study in Hexi area, Gansu province, uses entropy, coupling coordination model to measure comprehensive developing level and coordination of basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment from 2011 to 2021, and applies obstacle model to study the factors impacting their coupling coordination in Hexi area. Hexi’s sub-systems show a rising trend, and vary with areas. Population urbanization is the fastest and the basic public service is the lowest in increment. Coupling degree of Hexi’s ternary system is larger than 0.900, suggesting a strong interaction and a slowly-rising coupling coordination from low level to medium level. Spatially, coupling coordination from high to low is in the order of Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Wuwei. In the dual system, coordination is the highest in basic public service-eco-environment which promotes a regional development, lowest in basic public service-population urbanization against a regional development. Obstacle factors of ternary system coordination in Hexi’s five cities vary; the top three are social security and employment, urban infrastructure and health care within the basic public services. The ternary system coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment promotes Hexi’s regional economy, but the three are still constraints. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing cities’ positioning, fulfilling resources advantages, boosting infrastructure, intensifying agriculture, developing featured industries and green industries to promote a quality coordinated development in Hexi area.

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