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OVERVIEWS AND OUTLOOK FOR “RESOURCE CURSE” HYPOTHESIS

KANG Jing

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 1-10. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241107.001

Abstract （70）

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At the initial stage of economic development, abundance of natural resources is normally regarded as a favorable factor for economic growth. However, not all economies can obtain sustainable development by their natural resources. Economies of areas with abundant resources have declined due to their resources, falling into a growth trap. This is so-called “resource curse” hypothesis. To clarify if natural resources are either a “curse” or a “drive” to economic growth, researchers have done lots of work on theories and practices. One prevailing viewpoint is that development of natural resources adversely affects economy through “squeezing” the core elements of economic growth. Some statistical models from different perspectives verify that abundance of natural resources trend to hinder economic growth, leading to issues such as worsening environment, simple industry and uneven distribution. It attracts lots of attentions to the relation among resources, environment and sustainable development. “Resource curse” hypothesis is becoming a research hotspot in development economics and regional economics. This paper overviews the “resource curse” hypothesis, analyzes the research advances from origin, evolution, connotation, theoretical explanation and cases, and finds out that natural resources impact economy not in a simply linear way, but in a non-linear way, which has been widely agreed by researchers. Explanations of controlling variables of “resources curse” are variable, but it is agreed that resource dependence is negative to economy, and the higher dependence, the more subject to “resource curse”. The future research should be focused on endogeneity of key variables, selecting appropriate tool variables, samples and methods to increase robustness of conclusion of “resource curse” hypothesis. This paper presents suggestions on exploring causes and mechanisms of “resource curse” in China and attempting new path to transformation in resource-based areas against “resource curse”

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IMPACTS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY ON PROVINCIAL GREEN WATER RESOURCES USE EFFICIENCY BASED ON SYSTEM GMM MODEL TESTS

ZHANG Jie, ZHAO Xiangyang, PANG Qinghua, ZHANG Chenjun

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 11-21. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241015.001

Abstract （80）

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To reveal the relationship between digital economy and green water resources use efficiency, this paper selects the panel data of China's 31 provinces (excluding Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2022 to establish a non-expected output SBM-DEA model which is used to calculate their green water resources use efficiencies, and applies principal component analysis to measure their provincial digital economic levels, and employs GMM model to study their causality. Green water resources use efficiency is significantly positively impacted by digital economy, positively by economic level, financial concentration and marketing level, negatively by manufacturing level. Robustness test based on four methods, explanatory variables remeasurement, tail-shrinking treatment, removal of municipalities, and shortening sample years, suggests that the outstanding levels and polarity of coefficients of key explanatory variables remain unchanged, meaning a robust conclusion that digital economy promotes green water resources use efficiency. Regional heterogeneity test shows that the impacting effect of digital economy is more significant in eastern areas than in western and central areas. Mediating effect test reveals that structural level changes of three industries variably impact green water resources use efficiency, among which structural upgrading of the first and the second industries plays a mediating role in promoting green water resources use efficiency. This paper presents suggestions on securing industrial structural stabilities and applying differentiated digital economic strategies, on boosting infrastructural construction of digital economy and intensifying talents education, and on increasing R&D inputs and applying comprehensive measures to upgrade digital economy. This conclusion is of significance for driving digital economic development, raising green water resources use efficiency and promoting China's high-quality economy.

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DIGITAL ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURAL UPGRADING: THEORETICAL LOGIC AND EMPIRICAL TEST

Maynur, MA Jiyue

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 22-34. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241210.001

Abstract （57）

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Digital economy has become a significant engine for new quality productivity, and also a major drive for China-style modernization. It empowers China's industrial structural upgrading through its talents'attracting effect and digital outflowing effect. This paper uses 2010 to 2021 panel data of China's 31 provinces (municipalities and prefectures) to establish a dual-directional fixed effect model and mediating model, which are employed to empirically test the impacting mechanism of digital economy on industrial structural upgrading, providing theoretical references for digital economy to empower coordinated development of regional economy. Digital economy positively drives industrial structural upgrading, validated through endogeneity processing and robustness test, outstandingly for efficiency of industrial structure upgrading. Digital economy promotes industrial structural upgrading mainly through developing human capital potential and raising technical innovative efficiency. Technical innovation has heterogeneity in its effects, but all showing a positive promotion in three industries above specific technical threshold. Regional heterogeneity test indicates the impact of digital economy on industrial structural upgrading is outstanding in eastern area, but weak in central and western areas. Digital economy is not only the key drive to industrial structural upgrading, but also a critical factor to coordinated development of regional economy. This paper presents suggestions on cultivating human capital, inputting technical innovation to improve productivity and promoting the deep integration of digital economy and real economy during high-quality digital economic construction.

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IMPACTS AND PATHWAYS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON GREEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

LI Xiaofei, ZHUANG Shiying

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 35-49. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241113.001

Abstract （72）

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Digital economy and green economy are two main directions leading China's economy to structural transformation, and also major drives to China's high-quality economy and sustainable development. Digitalization helps green economy a lot, but its accompanying energy consumption and carbon emission are still issues. This paper, based on panel data of China's 30 provinces, municipalities and prefectures from 2012 to 2022, measures their digitalization and green economic development levels, and reveals the mechanism and factors of digitalization level on green economic development. Digital economy shows a non-linear U-shaped relationship with green economic development, negatively affecting green economic development at the initial stage but positively in later stages, which has been validated through robustness test. The U-shaped relationship is remarkable in northern China, but not in the south. During the development of digital economy, reduced carbon emission intensity, optimized electricity consuming structure, and increased residents' income indirectly play a positive role to green economy. Environmental regulations and green technical innovation play a significant adjusting role in the U-shaped relationship. This paper presents suggestions on boosting governmental supports for green digital infrastructural construction, encouraging firms to develop green and power-saving technologies, and planning to integrate digital economy into green economy, widely applying smart grid and energy management system to increase energy use efficiency, intensifying carbon emission supervision to reach mutual benefits in economy and environment, developing digital economy to create high-quality employment, increasing residents' income to promote green consumption, stimulating green technical innovation and application, and implementing environmental laws and regulations to drive green economy

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IMPACTS OF GREEN FINANCING ON CARBON EMISSION LEVELS BASED ON DUAL PERSPECTIVES OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY

LIANG Yuan, ZHOU Juanmei, WU Yunxia

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 50-62. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241115.001

Abstract （43）

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To reach the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality needs to diversify policies and management, during which green financing as a product closely connected to low carbon economy plays an irreplaceable role. It is necessary to reveal how green financing impacts gross carbon emission and carbon emission intensity, and how to realize the dual control target of carbon emission quantity and quality. This paper, based on panel data of China's 30 provinces from 2009 to 2021, uses entropy to measure green financing, and establishes a multiple regression model to estimate the impacts of green financing on carbon emission from perspectives of theory and cases. Industrial structural upgrading and marketization level are selected as mediating variable and moderating variable to construct a mediating effect model and a moderating effect model to test the mechanism of green financing impacting gross carbon emission and intensity. Results show a strong negative relation between green financing and gross carbon emission and intensity, which is confirmed by robustness tests of lagging explanatory variables, changing sample volumes, replacing explained variables and changing time zones. Industrial structural upgrading plays a mediating role during green financing impacting carbon emission and intensity. Green financing pushes industrial structural upgrading, and further helps reduce carbon emission and increase carbon efficiency. Marketization level positively adjusts the relation between green financing and carbon emission. The higher marketization level, the stronger negatively impacting of green financing on gross carbon emission and intensity. Green financing's synergism of reducing emission and increasing efficiency plays a more important role in central-western, resources-based provinces, and government highly-intervened areas compared to eastern, non-resources-based provinces, and government lowly-intervened areas. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing green financing system, fulfilling low-carbon transformation of industrial structures, intensifying regional exchange, persisting in governmental administration and marketing, further boosting green financing to realize sustainable development.

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SUPPLY-DEMAND FORECAST AND SUPPLY-SECURING MEASURES OF CLEAN ENERGY MINERAL PROCESSING PRODUCTS BASED ON A CASE STUDY ON LITHIUM, COBALT AND NICKEL

YI Xinghua, WANG Xiaoxiao, CHENG Jinhua, HU Songqin

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 63-76. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241204.001

Abstract （31）

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Forecasting supply/demand of clean energy critical mineral processing products and exploring the effective ways to raise supply-securing level of critical mineral processing products are of significance to guarantee and stabilize industrial chain and supply chain of critical minerals in China. This paper, aiming at the clean energy critical mineral processing products of lithium, cobalt and nickel, applies grey forecasting model, ARIMA model and a combined model based on entropy to forecast China's market supply/demand trend of clean energy critical mineral processing products from 2023 to 2030. Entropy-based combined model works excellently in market supply/demand of lithium, cobalt and nickel with dramatically improved forecasting precision compared to single model. In consideration of recycling resource contribution, it is forecasted that the demand for lithium and cobalt processing products will reach 153.74×10.4 t and 25.34×10.4 t in 2030, and the supply will be 183.56×10.4 t and 23.36×10.4 t, basically reaching a supply/demand balance, but with potential disturbance from technical innovation. As for nickel processing products, without considering the recycling resource, there will be a conflicted demand/supply, suggesting China should take immediate actions to secure domestic nickel processing products supply to guarantee sustainable development. Suggestions are presented for the three critical minerals. For lithium, China should prioritize research and application of deep brine lithium extraction technologies, promote the “oil-lithium co-exploration” model, and intensify technical innovation to reduce reliance on imports and mitigate market volatility risks. As for cobalt resource, recycling economy is the key way by intensifying cobalt recycling research and application and by increasing overall use efficiency to relieve mining pressure. As for nickel resource, it suggests China cooperate with “the Belt and Road” countries in overseas investment and production by diversifying importing sources, and boost domestic nickel exploration and development to ensure stability and security of nickel supply chain

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MECHANISM AND EFFECT OF FIRMS' ENVIRONMENTAL HARNESS ON GREEN INVESTORS FROM PERSPECTIVE OF INVESTORS' DECISION MAKING

XIAO Jianzhong, LI Weiwei, WEN Yang

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 77-91. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241209.001

Abstract （51）

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Issuing green financing policies and enlarging green investing market attract lots of green investors accompanying with “greenwashing”. This paper, aiming at how firm's environmental harness attracts green investors, analyzes if the green investors are really “green” from perspective of investors' decision-making, uses stock-listed firms data from 2008 to 2020 to establish a Logit regression model to test the impacts of firms' environmental harness input on green investors, and selects non-expected earnings and over-expected returns as mediating variables to establish a mediating effect model, which is employed to study mechanism of firms' environmental harness on green investors by means of binary classification mediating effect. Firms that actually conduct environmental harness probably attract green investors. Category variable mediating effect model indicates that firms' environmental harness casts an attracting effect through short-term trading gains rather than long-term harness mechanism. It reveals that green investors tend to be more speculative and invest primarily for the short-term gains. Pollution industry and private firms can attract green investors through outstanding short-term gains from environmental harness, suggesting green investors are more sensitive to pollution industry and private firms while chasing short-term gains. Participation of green investors will increase firms' market share, especially for firms with larger market share, suggesting investors' decision preference intensifies firms' monopolizing power with higher market share, thus hindering green development. Green investors shall aim at both economic and social benefits to have a long-term investing will. Local governments shall avoid “selecting best” strategy when issuing allowance policies, support small and medium-sized firms in environmental harness to reach a win-win during green production. This paper offers new empirical evidences in disclosing green investors' “greenwashing” behavior, and helps to improve China's green financing system and guide the investment concept of capital market

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EVOLUTIONARY GAMBLING STUDY ON LOW-CARBON TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR INDUSTRIAL GAS PRODUCERS

LU Qing, FANG Huaxin, HOU Jianchao

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 92-106. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241014.001

Abstract （25）

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Industrial gas as an important industrial material with a rising demand consumes a large quantity of energy during its production, which requires a low-carbon transformation of industrial gas producers for green development. Due to the limitation of transformation costs, governmental allowance is adopted. With distributed photovoltaic power generation as the transforming direction, considering the transforming conditions such as environmental benefits, utility cost and geographic location, this paper uses evolutionary gambling theory to establish a gambling model between governments and firms, which is employed to analyze their rule in making decisions and to explore the evolutionary path to low carbon transformation under governmental allowance, and applies Python to analyze the impacts of firms' comprehensive conditions on their low carbon transformation with purpose of offering references for energy consumption low carbon transformation and industrial green development. There are six scenarios of evolutionary equilibrium in the gambling between governments and firms, which can be divided into three stages. Evolutionary state depends on governmental allowance, firms' transforming costs and comprehensive conditions. Governmental allowance determines if firms have capabilities to transform, and environmental benefits determine the final evolutionary path. Firms are facing pressures of transformation costs and target scale planning; the former is negative to its comprehensive conditions while the latter is positive. Whether firms with poor comprehensive conditions can realize their transformation lies in reducing transforming costs pressure. Governmental allowance shall be used to reduce firms' transforming costs such as equipment cost, transportation costs, maintenance costs, and plant construction costs. For firms with better comprehensive conditions, success of their transformation depends on reducing their target scale planning pressure, and governmental allowance should be focused on planning and optimization of renewable energy application sites and plants remodeling to maximize their target scales

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IMPACTS OF HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN CAPITAL ON OPTIMIZATION OF DIGITAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

ZHANG Ning, MIAO Pu, DING Chenhui

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 107-119. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241030.001

Abstract （29）

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This paper, based on the panel data of some provinces in China from 2008 to 2020, establishes a panel model and mediating effect model, and fabricates such indices as digital industrial structural advancement index, digital industrial structural rationalization index, high-quality human capital index, and technical & institutional innovation index to analyze the impacting mechanism of high-quality human capital on optimization of digital industrial structure. High-quality human capital can increase productivity, improve element use efficiency, fulfill remuneration incremental effect, match human capital structure with digital industrial employment structure, and finally promotes an optimization of digital industrial structure. Both technical innovation and institutional innovation can drive optimization of digital industrial structure. As for industrial structural advancement, the mediating effect of institutional innovation is 16 times that of technical innovation, and 10 times for industrial structural rationalization. Variance of population fluidity and high educational level can explain the heterogeneous impacts of human capital on digital industrial structure in different areas. The estimated coefficients for the impact of high-quality human capital on digital industrial structural advancement are significant，which in areas with a net population inflow are 2 times of areas with a net population outflow, and which in areas of starting type are 2 times of areas of outstanding type. Positive impact of high-quality human capital on digital industrial structural rationalization is outstanding only in areas with a net population outflow. Mediating effect of institutional innovation on digital industrial structural advancement is 5 to 13 times of technical innovation, 7 to 9 times on digital industrial structural rationalization. This paper puts forward suggestions on raising quality of digital industrial staff, fulfilling promotion of high-quality talents on technical innovation, stimulating inner driving forces of high-quality talents participating institutional innovation, coordinating the relation between technical innovation and institutional innovation, and making differentiated policies for high-quality talents.

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HARMONIOUS SYMBIOSIS EVOLUTION BETWEEN HUMAN AND NATURE IN THE UPPER-STREAM OF YELLOW RIVER IMPACTED BY ECOLOGICAL TOURISM

HAN Zixuan, CHEN Jinlin

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 120-131. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241120.001

Abstract （35）

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Based on the relation among ecological tourism, human activities and natural environment, this paper establishes a theoretical model of human and nature impacted by ecological tourism, constructs an evaluation index system of human and nature harmonious development， uses coupling coordination model to measure the harmonious symbiosis between human and nature impacted by ecological tourism in 17 cities of the upper-stream of Yellow River, and compares their temporal and spatial variances, aiming at providing references for ecological tourism high-quality development and harmonious symbiosis between human and nature in the upper-stream of Yellow River. From 2008 to 2022, economic-social evaluation index of cities in the upper-stream of Yellow River has been continuously rising, so does resources-environmental evaluation index but with fluctuations amid growing process. In the recent 15 years, protection of resources environment surpassed economic-social development before 2013, lagged after 2013, but both in a generally rising trend. Harmonious development of human and nature in the cities of the upper-stream of Yellow River can be divided into 3 periods, entirely disordered period from 2008 to 2011, developing period from 2012 to 2017, and initial coordinated period from 2018 to 2022. During the study period their coupling coordination shows a rising trend, generally low, only up to initial coordinated stage. Geographically their coupling coordination displays a pattern of “high in the southwest but low in the northeast”.

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IMPACTS OF DIGITAL GOVERNMENT ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL INNOVATION UNDER DIGITAL ECONOMY

GUO Mengran, ZHOU Qian, DENG Kai

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 132-145. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241129.001

Abstract （53）

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Digital governmental construction is a fundamental and leading project for constructing network power and digital China, supporting industrial high-quality development. This paper, based on panel data of China's 30 provinces from 2011 to 2021, establishes a mediating effect model to test the impacts of digital government on industrial technical innovation, and to study the mediating effects in raising governmental efficiency, optimizing fiscal distribution and reducing administrative corruption. Digital governmental construction largely promotes industrial technical innovation, validated by robustness tests through replacing explained and explanatory variables, and using tool variables to process endogeneity. Digital government can improve industrial technical innovation through three ways, raising administrative efficiency, optimizing fiscal capital distribution and reducing administrative corruption with the mediating effect coefficients of 0.312 7, 0.215 7 and －0.088 2, further confirmed by Sobel test and bootstrap test. Promotion of governmental digitalizing transformation on industrial technical innovation has been marked in eastern, central and western China, more significantly in eastern China, in provinces with higher technical levels and in provinces with appropriate governmental size. China should accelerate governmental digitalizing transformation to empower industrial upgrading and technical innovation, leverage the advantages of digital governance to form a positive interaction with enterprises, and provide support for the rational allocation of social resources to promote the overall innovation. Governmental digitalizing transformation will probably become a guarantee to China's industrial technical innovation and economic growth and provides theoretical and practical references for high-quality industrial economy in the digital era.

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IMPACTING MECHANISM OF CLIMATIC CHANGE RISKS ON FIRM'S SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCES

TIAN Ming, SHEN Shaoqi, YAN Jiarui

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 146-162. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240914.001

Abstract （70）

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This paper, based on data of China's A-listed 2 594 companies from 2010 to 2022, uses natural resources dependence theory to study the impacting effects and mechanism of climatic change risks on firm's sustainability performance aiming at providing theoretical basis for companies to boost their adaptability to climatic changes and at offering references on green transformation and sustainable development. Climatic change risks dramatically enhance firm's sustainability performance, boost their transformation to adapt to changing climates and stimulate them to undertake social responsibilities to sustainability. Green innovation plays a mediating role between climatic change risks and sustainability performance. Climatic change risks drive firms to deploy green innovation to reduce dependence on single resource, decrease natural resource consumption and ecosystem damage, boost firm's adaptability and emergency responding capabilities to climatic changes, and cultivate their diversified core competitiveness. Redundant resources amplify the positive impact of climate change risks on sustainability performance, providing a buffering mechanism for enterprises to cope with climate challenges. This not only reduces losses from climatic disasters but also ensures resource availability to enterprise development and transformation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that climate change risks have a more pronounced effect on promoting the sustainability performance of high-carbon emission enterprises and heavily polluting enterprises. Moreover, the influence of climate change risks on sustainability performance varies depending on the specific property rights and industrial characteristics of the enterprises. Specifically, state-owned enterprises, compared to non-state-owned ones, possess greater resources and capabilities to respond to climate change risks, making them more likely to achieve the goal of harmonizing economic development and environmental protection. Regarding industry nature, labor-intensive enterprises, due to their higher dependence on human resources, are more sensitive to climate change risks and consequently place greater emphasis on sustainability practices compared to technology-intensive and asset-intensive enterprises.

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CAN DIGITAL ECONOMY PROMOTE URBAN GREEN COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT?

SUN Huaping, CHEN Tingting, JIANG Chengfeng, ZHAO Jiawen

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 1-16. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241206.001

Abstract （130）

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It has been a vital topic for speeding up a high integration of the digital economy and green economic transformation in China's academic and social domains. This paper, based on 2005 to 2020 data of China's 280 cities, uses principal component analysis and non-expected output super-efficiency EBM model to measure cities' digital economic level and green economic efficiency and studies the impacts and mechanism of digital economic development on urban green economic efficiency in consideration of endogeneity and robustness. It concludes that digital economy can effectively improve urban green economic efficiency, and enforce the green economic diffusion effects of middle or large cities over their surrounding cities, which overcomes the echo effect over small cities, helping fulfill network effect which turning “core-periphery” structure by displaying green universal welfare functions on differently sized cities and boosting regional green economy. Improvement of digital economy on green economic efficiency is more where has a higher marketizing level and environmental regulations. Digital economy can promote green innovation and economic agglomeration, driving urban low-carbon growth. This paper presents suggestions for governments on raising support for digital industries, on making differentiated function positioning and strategies for differently sized cities, and on creating a sound marketing and policy environment for an entire green transformation.

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REFORM OF PAID USE SYSTEM OF NATURAL RESOURCES: EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES AND PATHS

ZHOU Pu, HOU Huali, TAN Wenbing, ZHANG Hui

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 17-23. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241024.001

Abstract （61）

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Establishment of paid use system of natural resources is a key task for ecological civilization reform and a vital guarantee to deepen market-allocating natural resources and to drive a quality development. This paper, based on a research framework of “logic analysis-regime evolution-question discussion-path optimization”, analyzes its policy evolution and reveals the major issues and main challenges from the concepts of pay-for-using natural resources, and discusses the direction of and path to optimization with an intension to offer reference for further deepening reform. China's pay-for-using natural resources policy has undergone four stages, free-using, partially-pay-for-using, market-growing, and rule-optimizing, suggesting a continuous exploration and optimization in ranges, means, rights, gains and supervision. Reforming progress varies with resource categories, over-capitalization emerges in highly-market-involved commercial natural resources, but slowly-market-growth in natural resources of public interests. Three challenges are emerging, a higher requirement for synergism of governments and markets over dual supplies of natural resources, inappropriate property rights and gains distribution between upper- and down-stream, differentiated reform progress lagging behind resources supply and managements. For a purpose of optimizing paid use system of natural resources, this paper presents suggestions on top designing based on a principle of unified and division, on controlling entry and pricing mechanism in ruling governmental and market roles, and on clarifying economic relations among property owners and focusing on a loop designing of rules.

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INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PAY-FOR-USING COMMERCIAL NATURAL RESOURCES ASSETS: REVIEWS AND OUTLOOK

WANG Rongyu, WU Shutian

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 24-32. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241120.004

Abstract （63）

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As reforming natural resources ownership advances, China, aiming to improve resources asset allocating efficiency, visualizing assets values and sharing gains, has conducted a lot of marketing reforms and practices of pay-for-using commercial natural resources rules. This paper overviews the evolution and challenges of commercial natural resources rules, and analyzes the major reform path and effectiveness. Rules have to be placed before owning commercial natural resource properties, which may better constrain agents' and local governmental behaviors and reach the objectives sustainability and sharing gains of commercial natural resource properties. Stimulation set by central government is key to local governments, selection of stimulating structure and local governmental behaviors are impacted by local conditions, which needs to be further studied in order to better fulfill governmental roles. Amid operating commercial natural resource properties, local governments need to master the marketing mechanism in consideration of nature, economy, society, politics to better maintain owners' gains. Commercial natural resources as market-allocated element inside the complicated social-ecological system need to be studied from systematic perspective to disclose the factors and marketing mechanism of owning commercial natural resources.

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JURISPRUDENCE OF AND APPROACH TO MINING LAND USE REFORM

HOU Huali, ZHANG Hui

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 33-40. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241120.003

Abstract （52）

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In order to advance research on entire-life cycle system reform of mining land use, led by the State Council and the Ministry of Natural Resources, this paper, based on a research framework of “reform logic-jurisprudence-approaches”, analyzes the dilemma in mining land use reform from perspectives of mining land use stock, increment and transfer, legally clarifies the jurisprudence of mining land use system, and presents direction of and approaches to optimizing mining land use system. Mining land use is facing three plights in illegal land uses, reducing land increment and difficulties in activating land transfer. The external expansion of mining land use concept needs to be determined, especially on widely definition of mining land use ranges. Coordination of responsibilities and rights relating mining land uses needs to be determined from material laws and process jurisdiction. Technical approaches to reforming mining land use system should be systematical, entire and collaborative, starting with land administration entire life circle in planning, acquiring through approval, quitting through transfer, supervision. This paper puts forward suggestions on mining land use planning, on singling out and rolling mining land use, on diversifying acquisition of mining land use, on encouraging quitting of mining land stock to add land values, and on improving collaboration on mining land use permitting and supervision. This paper provides references for improving mining land use system and issuing “clean mining land use” transfer.

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OBJECTIVES OF AND PATH TO ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION HIGHLAND CONSTRUCTION OF QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU FROM PERSPECTIVE OF RESOURCES ECONOMY

ZHANG Zhuoying, NIE Xiaowei

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 41-47. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241120.002

Abstract （58）

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Qinghai-Tibet plateau has an abundance of natural resources serves as China's key ecological security barrier and strategic resources basis. This paper analyzes its ecological resources and distribution in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and discusses the issues existing in the current development model of ecological resources, insufficient consciences on its scarcity, unsound pricing system, missing and fragmentated long-term plannings, unmatched policy and market coalition, on which are based to present the objectives of ecological civilization highland construction, including sustainable use of rare resources, establishing featured resources pricing system and economic stimulation, green transformation under long-term sustainability, intensifying effective resources allocation under coalition between policies and markets. This paper puts forward the path to ecological civilization highland construction form perspective of resources economy, including technical innovation to precise evaluation and sustainability of Plateau resources, institutional innovation to establish Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-featured resources pricing system and stimulation, policy innovation to boost the green transformation under a long-term planning, and mode innovation to realize an efficient resources allocation under the coalition between policies and markets. This research achievements provide help in understanding the ecological civilization construction of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, offering references for management ad path innovation of Qinghai-Tibet ecological civilization construction.

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KNOWLEDGE GRAPH AND TREND OF URBAN RESILIENCE INFRASTRUCTURES FOR ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION CONSTRUCTION

YANG Ning, LIU Gang, HUANG Chen, WANG Ying, DU Hui, ZHANG Yongcheng

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 48-61. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241128.001

Abstract （61）

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As global climate change accelerates and urbanization develops fast, urban civilization construction is confronting a big challenges against surging urban flooding. Urban resilience infrastructure construction can be paying a key role in reducing urban flooding loss and raising ecological civilization. This paper, aiming at the topic of urban resilience infrastructure construction under ecological civilization, systematically studies 1998 to 2024 relating papers published in Wos and CNIK database, constructs a knowledge graph of urban resilience infrastructures and analyze the research trend of its impacts on urban ecological civilization by means of key words frequency, newly emerging words and quoted analysis. Research paper on urban resilience infrastructures is stably rising in amount, faster especially since 2008 showing a trend of cross-domain cooperation. Research hotspots have turned to comprehensive measures including low-impact development, sponge cities and resilient cities from earlier engineering measures which were focused on drainage system and anti-flooding engineering, now it develops into blue-green infrastructures (rainfall garden, green roof and wet lands) combined with resilience harness, marking an emphasis on ecological functions and sustainability. Focuses on urban resilience infrastructures vary among researchers globally, most CNKI papers on risks and resilience assessment, while most WoS papers on impacts and measures of climatic changes. This study reveals a trend and an evolutionary rule of research on urban resilience infrastructures under ecological civilization construction, offering references for future studies. This paper presents suggestions on boosting ecological resilience and cross-domain integration to improve urban overall resilience and adaptability as extreme climatic events rise.

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IMPACTS OF PUBLIC WELFARE FOREST COMPENSATION POLICY ON CONTINUOUS INCREMENT OF FOREST ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS

XU Chang, CHENG Baodong, XIA Lei

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 62-70. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241030.002

Abstract （88）

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Continuously raising forest ecological benefits suggests a modernized coexistence between human and nature. This paper systematically summarizes the theoretical basis of impacts of public welfare forest compensation policy on forest ecological benefits, including forest forever usable theory, multiple functional forest theory, near-natural forest theory, providing theoretical supports for further study. Research advances have been stated regarding the impacts of public welfare forest compensation policy on forest production and forest resources in the references with insufficient parts indicated, such as over attention on public welfare forest with ignoring the whole forest ecological benefits, most using farmer's household summarized data. This paper also outlooks the research dynamics of impacts of public welfare forest compensation policy on forest ecological benefits, and presents the four key aspects for future research. Place public welfare forest compensation policy, forest operation and forest ecological benefit changes into a united framework for the purpose of revealing the complicated impacting path and mechanism. Consider the non-linear factors of policy effectiveness to analyze the long-, short-term impacts and heterogeneity of public welfare forest compensation policy on forest ecological benefits. GIS can be used to measure the forest ecological benefits more accurately, and to verify the mediating role of forest management practices during public welfare forest compensation policy impacting forest ecological benefits. From forest farmers' benefits perspective, tests shall be designed to identify their preferred selection among different optimized plans, providing scientific evidence for making policies.

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RESPONSE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICING VALUES ON LAND USE CHANGES BASED ON A CASE STUDY OF SICHUAN PROVINCE

ZHAO Qianyu, LIU Hao

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 71-80. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241024.002

Abstract （67）

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Exploring response of ecosystem servicing values on land use changes provides references in optimizing human-land relation and promoting regional sustainable development. This paper, based on Sichuan's 2000 to 2020 land use data, studies its land use changes, uses ecosystem servicing valuation and gray correlation method to explore the response of regional ecosystem servicing values on land use changes. In Sichuan province, land categories vary in quantities, structural changes and dynamic changes. Ecosystem servicing values in proportion provided by land categories ranks show a decreasing order, woods land, grass land, waters, farmland, unused land and construction land. Woods land, grass land and farmland are major factors contributing to ecosystem servicing values, while waters, construction land and unused land are minor factors. In order to promote a sustainable land use and regional sustainability, appropriate land use planning and policies play a key role. This paper presents suggestion on maintaining a sound growth of ecosystem for different land categories.

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TEMPOAL-SPATIAL PATTERN EVOLUTION OF URBAN LAND USE EFFICIENCY IN YELLOW RIVER'S “JI” BEND AREA

ZHANG Yu, CHEN Yuxuan, WANG Ruijie, JIN Xiaowen

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 81-91. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241128.002

Abstract （45）

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This paper use stochastic front model and spatial autocorrelation analysis to analyze the temporal-spatial pattern of urban land use efficiency in Yellow River's “JI” bend area to increase its managing capacity and urban land use efficiency. Urban land use efficiency in Yellow River's “JI” bend area has been declining during 2009 to 2019, at a middle to low level, but suggesting a higher potential to be raised. It shows a stochastic distribution spatially, with local concentrating in a weaker trend. Most cities with higher urban land use efficiency are capitals, while the lower distributing in Yan'an and Yulin, high to low connected area on surrounding Taiyuan but gone in 2019, low to high connected area on Wulanchabu. This paper suggests urban construction in Yellow River's “JI” bend area adjust its inputting structures in economic elements to promote a continuously rising of urban economy and to improve land use efficiency. Leading roles of regional central cities shall be enable to boost an integrated growth within the area.

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OPTIMIZED ALLOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL LAND USE UNDER NEW PRODUCTIVE FORCES BASED ON A CASE STUDY OF JIANGSU PROVINCE

ZHANG Peng, WANG Bo

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (6): 92-97. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241024.004

Abstract （112）

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Industrial land use is a vital space for holding industrial system construction, its allocating effectiveness directly impacts modernized industrial system construction and development of new productive forces. This paper, bases on a case of Jiangsu province that has a significant base for new productive forces, summarizes its practices and performances in industrial land use allocation, analyzes the issues and presents suggestions, offering references for developing new productive forces through optimized allocation of industrial land use for Jiangsu province or other areas. Jiangsu province has developed key industrial chains into its pros through precisely effective industrial land use allocation, formed a flexible land supply mode via reforming land allocating regime for new industries, and uses extensive land use strategy to find ways to economy. Issues are still existing in industrial land use allocation in three aspects, a fuzzy definition of new industrial land use which requires an further optimization of its industrial land use planning and land supply policies, land supply/withdraw and property ownership system awaiting improvement to meet demands of new industries by land use standards, insufficient in joint supervision by multiple departments after land supplies. This paper presents policy suggestions of and innovative approaches to optimized allocation of industrial land uses from planning which needs to renew pricing standards to explore a flexible land use mode, from effective land use allocation that requires breakthrough in land functions and enabling land inventory and a flexible land supply way, and from supervision which needs optimizing industrial selection, detailing criteria of land users and improving joint supervision.

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QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF URUMQI‘S NEW URBANIZATION FROM PERSPECTIVE OF URBAN RURAL INTEGRATION

CHEN Qiao, WU Wenjie, FU Xue

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 63-77. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241012.001

Abstract （48）

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A quality development of new urbanization is a key driving force to promote regional coordinated development and urban-rural integration, and an inevitable path to Chinese-styled modernization as well. This paper uses compound index system, improved entropy and vector self-regression model to study quality development and factors of Urumqi’s rural-urban integrated and new urbanization during 2000 to 2022. The results show Urumqi has acquired a continuously rising quality development in its new urbanization during the study period, but still constrained by a slow speed, slow farmers-to-urban-residents and imbalanced urban-rural development. Key drivers of quality development of new urbanization include governmental policy supports, economic developing levels, industrial structural optimization. This paper presents fine and differentiated references for new urbanization, urban-rural integration and regional coordinated development in the new era.

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IMPACTS OF TECHNICALLY-SUPPORTING-XINJIANG ON XINJIANG‘S HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES

WU Huiwen, WU Zhengping

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 101-113. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241024.003

Abstract （31）

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Aiming at the impacts of technically-supporting-Xinjiang on Xinjiang’s high-tech industries, this paper uses western China‘s 11 provinces 2003 to 2020 panel data with exception of Tibet, combined with Schumpeter’s innovation theory and main approaches of technically-supporting-Xinjiang to study their functioning mechanisms in technical conduction, resource allocation and industrial supports, experimentally verified by dual differentiation model and mediating model. The results show a notable negative effect, which means technically-supporting-Xinjiang policy was unable to promote Xinjiang‘s high-tech industries. Lagging dynamic effect tests show a 2-year’s lagging effect disables the promotion of technical-supporting-Xinjiang policy in a timely manner. Impacting mechanism indicates that technical conduction plays a masking role that boosts Xinjiang‘s technical cooperation with supporters to some extent; however, Xinjiang can’t make full use of the imported high tech due to its vulnerability in self-research and development abilities. Resource allocation plays a negative mediating role, governmental over intervention and inappropriate arrangements will mess up the market‘s demand & supply. So do industrial supports, over dependence of enterprises upon governmental supports will lead to a “squeezing effect” that makes enterprises reduce inputs, thus decreasing their self-innovative and developing abilities. This paper presents suggestions on establishing a new and full-scale technical cooperation model to fulfill innovative cooperation potentials, on optimizing innovative servicing to promote a quick transformation of technical achievements, and on improving industrial supports to stimulate the inner drive of innovation.

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TIME-OF-USE PRICING STUDY ON UBAN GAS IN CONSIDERATION OF CROSS-PRICE ELASTICITY

XU Bin, DENG Bingjie

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 114-127. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241029.004

Abstract （38）

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In recent years, shortage of gas frequently happens nationwide. To mitigate the pressure of gas use, effective pricing is the key besides a stable imported source. As gas demands are surging and consumers are increasing, it requires pipeline pressure to be increased for a stable running, which demands a right gas pricing means that can minimize peak-valley load difference and maintain a stable market. This paper establishes a demand-response model based on self-elasticity and cross-price elasticity for industrial users in consideration of dual impacts of gas price’s self-elasticity and cross elasticity during different periods. A pricing simulation model is thus built to study Beijing‘s gas end consumption market. Results of time-of-use pricing are positively related to increased price proportion (peak-valley price difference), negatively to users’ gas consumption proportion to total consumption, the higher users‘ consumption, the worse results. Gas price’s self-elasticity and cross-price elasticity play a key role time-of-use pricing policy, which can not reach a multiple-win among gas providers and industrial users without considering governmental allowances on gas providers and industrial users, only beneficial to either. Under specific conditions, time-of-use pricing is an effective way in decreasing-peak-use-increasing-valley-use to guarantee a stable pipeline running. Above-factors have to be considered to better simulate the marketing when studying time-of-use pricing policy.

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ENDOGENOUS DRIVERS OF DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL COBALT INDUSTRIAL CHAIN NETWORK

WANG Yanli, LI Huajiao, GUAN Jianhe

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 128-144. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241029.003

Abstract （47）

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Most countries largely depend upon external cobalt sourcing due to its low reserve and production and uneven distribution as one of strategic and critical minerals during green low-carbon transformation, which makes cobalt global trading a complicated network. This paper selects a variety of cobalt commodities at different stages to establish a global cobalt industrial chain network, and studies the endogenous drivers of structural formation and dynamic evolution of global cobalt industrial chain network by means of multiple-layered network index random graph model and time index random graph model. In cobalt industrial chain, same network endogenous structures equally impact its structural formation at different stages with varying impacting extent. Mutual-beneficial effect, structural dependence effect and time dependence effect notably impact the dynamic evolution of global cobalt industrial chain. This study expands impacting mechanisms of dynamic evolution of global trade network to multiple commodities in industrial chain, offering references for construction and restoration, risks transmission, and measures of global cobalt trading network from perspective of industrial chain.

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IMPACTS OF ENTERPRISE HETEROGENEITY ON LOW CARBON TECHNICAL COOPERATION STABILITY

GUO Yuanwei, ZHI Yuan

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 145-153. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241022.001

Abstract （39）

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Low carbon technical cooperation is a key path to reducing low carbon producing costs and raising market competitiveness, during which enterprise heterogeneity plays an increasing role. This paper uses gaming theory to study low carbon cooperation strategic selection and converging trend among enterprises from their gains and innovative cost heterogeneities. A larger cost/gain difference in either side between partnering enterprises adversely affects their low carbon innovative cooperation. Their cooperation will be uncertain if partnering enterprises need to pay similar costs and scales. Uncooperative partners need to be punished or decreased their gains, or cooperation brings higher gains, both helpful in increasing cooperative probabilities for partnering enterprises in low carbon cooperation. This paper presents suggestions on increasing enterprises’ innovative capabilities, boosting governmental supervision and leading, exploring appropriate cooperative mechanism to reach an effective low carbon cooperation so as to promote a low carbon development.

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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPING PATHS TO GRADED UTILIZATION OF POWER BATTERIES UNDER DIFFERENT TECHNICAL DIRECTIONS

ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Zhiqiang, YU Yuanyuan

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 154-167. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241012.002

Abstract （55）

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China‘s fast growing electrical vehicles leads to sharply rising used batteries, whose graded utilization needs to be industrialized, but its path and results are directly influenced by different technical directions. This paper, aiming at choosing appropriate investing direction and making matching policies, analyzes the key factors of industrial development from perspective of system based on practices, summarizes scales, costs, gains and profits under different technical directions by taking grid energy storage a scenario, and establishes a systematic dynamics model that is simulated for comparison. Two major technical directions, “decomposing-reconstructing” and “whole package utilization”, have their own pros and cons; however, “decomposing-reconstructing” direction prevails in expansion speed with no constraints of brands. Thanks to scale effect, “decomposing-reconstructing” direction beats the “whole package utilization” at the initial stage, but the latter will be gradually overcoming in a long term. Facilities cost and batter cost are the key factors, the former is falling while the latter is rising, facilities cost proportion has a faster/fluctuated falling compared to the “whole package utilization”, whose growing speed and gains will be largely improved if issues among different brands can be resolved and different EV makers can be united. This paper presents suggestions on selecting technical directions in accordance with national strategies, providing initial funds, offering matching allowance policies, promoting upper-to down-steam cooperation and implementing limited information sharing among different brands.

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MANAGING MODES OF ENTERPRISES DIGITALIZATION IN DIGITALIZED ERA

JING Xiaowei, FENG Mei, ZHANG Wenbo, SHUAI Xunbo, DONG Zhiguang

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 168-175. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241017.001

Abstract （51）

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In digital era, enterprises need to proceed with digitalization. The traditional managing mode is focusing on administrators, with less use of data and not sensitive to markets. This paper studies the significance of upgrading from traditional mode to digitalized managing mode for enterprises, and analyzes the preconditions of realizing digitalized managing model, presents a constructive concept of enterprises digitalized managing mode based on enriching its connotation of enterprises digitalized managing model, and illustrates its advantages and applicable scenarios. Enterprises make production and operation index system consistent with their digitalized transformation, providing valuable references for making decisions, raising quality and optimizing positions.

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TOURISTS' CONSUMPTION PREFERENCE IN INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE RESORTS UNDER EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS BASED ON A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING'S “ONE-LINE-FOUR-MINES” AROUND JULY 31 ^ST STORM

GUO Jingyi, WANG Ling, FANG Yutong

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 186-197. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241029.002

Abstract （40）

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Under extreme weather conditions, study on tourists' consumption preference in industrial heritage resorts is of significance for effectively converting/using industrial heritage resorts, and for compensating the current insufficient research in industrial heritage resorts under extreme weather conditions. This paper, based on a case study on Mentougou's “one-line-four-mines” industrial heritage resort, Beijing city, which had undergone an extreme storm on July 31 ^st, 2023, conducts two questionnaires by means of probability proportional sampling(PPS) and random sampling, recovers 964 valid questionnaires before the storm and 1106 after. All questionnaires, verified through confidence tests, are analyzed via Robust regression, gradual regression and mechanism analysis. Prior to the storm, the tourists understand “one-line-four-mines” more, the charge is more appropriate, the policies are more supportive and the transportation is more convenient, the tourists have a higher touring preference. After the storm, tourists' touring preference aren't largely influenced by their awareness, charge standards, and recognition of touring quality, impaired transportation, but outstandingly positive by their educational degrees. In mechanism analysis, recognition of values and costs plays a key mechanism before storm, and so does recognition of risks after the storm. This paper puts forward suggestions for governments on alerting and emergency response to extreme weather, for industrial heritage resorts on making appropriate charging standards, improving touring facilities and service quality, and supplying customized services for tourist with different educational backgrounds and personalities and increasing tourists' awareness on industrial heritage and eco-environmental protection, aiming at promoting a cointegration between ecological protection and economic development in industrial heritage resorts.

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FORECASTS OF GLOBAL FPSO MARKET DEMANDS FOR 2025, 2030 AND 2035 BY A COMBINED METHOD BASED ON MULTI-ALGORITHM INTEGRATED ANALYSIS

GUO Jingyi, WANG Ling, FANG Yutong

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 198-206. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241029.001

Abstract （72）

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This paper studies the market demands of Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO), presents a way to forecast the global FPSO market demands. By means of a method integrated with entropy, artificial neural network, random forest regression, ADABOOST regression, and ARMA model, this paper forecasts the global FPSO orders with the results showing that FPSO needs 9 ships in 2025, 10 in 2030 and 12 in 2035, suggesting a stable rising global FPSO market demand in the future ten years. China's ship manufacturers should pay close attention on the impacts of crude oil price on FPSO market demands and use new technologies in reducing carbon emission and increasing market shares.

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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND FACTORS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS IN COAL RESOURCE BASED CITIES

LUO Zhengmao, GAO Honggui, WAN Huawei, CHEN Yang

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 1-12. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241008.001

Abstract （107）

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China's coal resource-based cities have been entrapped into plight due to their excessive mining activities, which can get resolved through studying the spatial distribution and path optimization of ecological footprints in coal resource-based cities. This paper, based on China's 35 coal resource-based cities, uses energy ecological footprint model and sustainability indicators to measure their energy ecological footprints, ecological deficit/remainder, ecological efficiency and ecological sustainability, and employs STIRPAT model to study their factors. Energy ecological footprints are closely related to energy consumption in coal resource-based cities, largely varying regionally, of which central to eastern China has the maximum energy ecological footprint. Most coal resource-based cities are loosing balance in ecological supply and demands, but their resources utilization efficiency can be gradually promoted under technical advances and supportive policies from perspective of ecological efficiency. Regression results of STIRPAT model shows a positive impact of economy and population on energy ecological footprints in coal resource-based cities, but negative from technical advances. This paper presents suggestions for coal resource-based cities in economic transformation and sustainable development.

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COLLABORATIVE NETWORK ON ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICES IN CHINA'S THREE MAJOR URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS

SHEN Weining, GU Yuqi, DAI Juanjuan

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 13-25. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240904.002

Abstract （78）

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Collaborative harness of atmospheric pollution requests acoalition among local governments, which is marked by a jointly-issued environmental policies. This paper, based on official 2009 to 2019 atmospheric environmental policies, uses social network analysis (SNA) and Gephi software to map their network relationship graph among departments, and employs Ucinet to analyze their density and centrality of department collaboration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations, exploring their coordination among governmental departments during environmental harness. In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, Beijing has the most extensive atmospheric environmental policies with most departments involved and frequent coordination. Tianjin has the fewest departments involved in making atmospheric environmental policies but with premium internal department coordination. Hebei has the less policy quantities and departments, which shall be further boosted. In Yangtze River delta urban agglomeration, Shanghai has a few atmospheric environmental policies, but with most departments involved and most frequent cooperation. Zhejiang has the most policies with extensive departments involved, less in department coordination. Jiangsu is quite similar with Anhui in policy quantities and involving departments, but Anhui has the least department coordination. In Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, Chongqing has less policies, less involving departments with little cooperation. Sichuan performs better, but has yet formed a collaborative network mode among departments with “polar-kernel” features. This paper presents suggestions on fulfilling functions of urban agglomeration to establish communicating channels among regional governments and organizations and to form a multiple-department-involving and diversified normalized mechanism in harnessing atmospheric pollution.

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ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION RESEARCH VISUALIZATION OF CHINA'S STREAMS AIMING AT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT

ZHANG Jinsuo, LIU Jinhua

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 26-36. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240904.001

Abstract （65）

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Research on status, hotspots and trend of ecological protection of China's streams can provide theoretical references for ecological protection of China's streams. This paper uses visualization tool CiteSpace to study 1013 pieces of 1997 to 2023 papers on stream ecological protection and depicts its research status. These domestic research papers can be classified into three stages, initial exploration, developing and maturing stages. The hotspots cover four aspects, stream eco-system and management, ecological repair and restoration, ecological protection and safety, and ecological quality development. The major mission of stream ecological protection has undergone three stages, water-soil loss and construction, eco-system restoration and management & protection, and eco-cultural construction and quality development. Research on stream ecological protection will be focusing on eco-system sustainability and repair, stream comprehensive harness and coalition, and water resource sustainable use and protection.

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DRIVERS FOR REDUCING POLLUTION & CARBON IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA BASED ON DUAL-NESTED LMDI

FAN Yuanhua, WANG Shijin

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 37-46. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240830.001

Abstract （83）

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Synergy of pollution & carbon reduction is a key path to China's green low carbon quality development. It is still unclear that how their synergy and harness between air pollutants represented by SO₂ & CO₂ and green house gas reduction drivers is. This paper, based on 34 prefectures' 2006 to 2020 data in Yangtze River delta, uses LMDI model to decompose SO₂ & CO₂ emission drivers with the results nested with pollution & carbon-reduction synergy model, and measures their contribution and synergy of pollution & carbon-reduction drivers in energy, economy and environment. Effects of energy structural intensity, economic development and population size play a synergy on SO₂ & CO₂ reduction in Yangtze River delta, of which only energy structural intensity is positive, other drivers are negative or of no synergy. To advance China's green low carbon quality growth, this paper presents suggestion on fulfilling drivers of synergy in pollution & carbon-reduction along with the potentials of non-synergy factors.

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A CASE STUDY ON “THE BELT AND ROAD” NATIONS: COUPLING & COORDINATED SPATIAL CORRELATION NETWORK BETWEEN FDI LIQUIDITY AND CARBON EMISSION

YOU Di, HUANG Yong, YU Haozhen, YANG Chengye

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 47-62. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240919.001

Abstract （97）

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This paper uses social network analysis and coupling coordination model to study the structural features of coupling & coordinated spatial correlation network between FDI liquidity network and carbon emission transfer network in “the Belt and Road” nations during 2010 to 2016. Results show that the two networks are Results show that these two networks are of good communication in spatial correlation and a higherstability. Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are positioning at the center of networks. “The Belt and Road” nations can be divided into 4 divisions according to their clustering features in spatial correlation network, Division I is net overflow, Division II and IV are net beneficial, and Division III is bi-directional overflow. This paper presents suggestions for “the Belt and Road” nations on attracting FDI based on low carbon economy, fulfilling division features to make appropriate policies in order to reach a fine control.

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THE IMPACTS OF PORT-CITY COORDINATION ON URBAN ECONOMY IN LIAONING'S COASTAL ECONOMIC ZONE

ZHOU Baogang, YUE Lin

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 78-89. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241008.002

Abstract （71）

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Port-city coordination is a vital path to port city's quality development, which requires a scientific positioning and a clarification of its positive impacts on port-city coordination. This paper, aiming at a quality economic growth in Liaoning's costal economic zone, uses their interactive coordination among its six ports and inland cities to establish an index evaluation system of port development and urban economy, with weights given to indexes via entropy, and applies coupling coordination model to estimate their 2013 to 2021 coupling coordination of six ports and cities in Liaoning's coastal economic zone, establishes a panel data model to analyze its impacts of port-city coordination on urban economic growth. It concludes that technical innovation and green development are key factors to Liaoning's coastal economic zone's quality growth. Port-city development vary with ports and cities, higher port-city coordination in Dalian,Yingkou and Panjin, lower in Huludao. Port-city coordination is favorable for inland cities' economy with its contribution related to urban relevance on port-city coordination and port sizes. This paper presents suggestions on green & innovative development, advancing port levels through featured advantages and upgrading urban servicing guarantees by means of locality resources.

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SPATIAL CORRELATION CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONING MECHANISM OF INTER-PROVINCIAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

CHEN Chen

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (5): 90-100. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241008.003

Abstract （106）

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Industries are key to economy, fundamentally for a nation's basis. Advancing industrial structures is a vital approach to modernized industrial system, industrial core competitiveness and entering middle-upper end of global value chains. This paper uses industrial commonality index to measure China's 31 provinces' 2012 to 2021 similarity matrix of industrial structures, and applies social network analysis (SNA) and secondary assignment procedure (QAP) to study the spatial correlation characteristics and functioning mechanism. Industrial commonality index can effectively show the asymmetry between inter-provincial industrial structural similarity and regional relation. Spatial correlation network of inter-provincial industrial structures can be divided into 4 domains, the first domain includes Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Chongqing, at the top of industrial structural network which plays a leading role in optimizing industrial structures. The second domain includes Shanxi, Liaoning, Fujian and Shandong, playing a bridging and mediating role amid industrial migration, interactive with the first domain and outflowing to the third domain. The third domain includes Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Guangxi, Shaanxi and Jilin, both receiving the second domain's outflowing and outflowing to the forth domain. The forth domain includes the rest, which needs to receive industries from more developed areas in industrial structural adjustment. QAP suggests that labor inputs, human capital, capital types, and end consumption and geographic neighboring may be partially interpretated as spatially correlated, and path to inter-provincial industrial migration and receiving may be optimized.

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IPCC AR6'S VIEWS ON POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND HARNESS OF SOLAR RADIATION MODIFICATION ON NATURE AND SOCIETY

ZHENG Guoliang, LIAO Hua

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (4): 1-9. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240226.001

Abstract （203）

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Discussions on solar radiation modification (SRM) to harness global climate change in academic domain have been rising. This paper gives an interpretation of IPCC ARR regarding its SRM's risks and obstacles on nature and society. SRM serves as an imperfect supplement in carbon emission reduction and removal, can offset radiation from manmade green gas emission through influencing the earth's radiation balance, reaching a fast cooling down and decrease other climatic hazards, but SRM has no solution to source of green gas, whose impacts on nature and human will remain with its rising concentration. Effectiveness and potential impacts of SRM is of spatial heterogeneity, and a long-term risk may be brought to human and nature upon its execution, uncertain on the crops production, human's health and eco-system. Decision must consider the regional heterogeneity and long-term risks to avoid its negative impacts on vulnerable areas and to human's offsprings. Slow research advances, low public recognition and ethic concept, and imbalanced nation's interests impedes SRM's scientific tests and international harness. SRM's research is challenged by unreliable evaluation conclusion, doubtful assumed rationality and future uncertainty. The current scientific basis cannot effectively support SRM's international harness. Nations with different interests, values and geopolitics are hard to reach agreement on SRM. Lack of official responsibilities and laws may bring new risks to international cooperation and peace. SRM's international harness covers policies, laws, science, public participation and technical supports, which shall be jointly developed with technical research.

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DEVELOPMENT-ECONOMY-ENVIRONMENT COUPLING COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT AND TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF#br# YELLOW RIVER'S MINERAL RESOURCES

WANG Chengjun, YANG Qian, FENG Tao, et al.

Resources & Industries 2024, 26 (4): 10-20. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240314.001

Abstract （82）

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Long-term over mining activities in Yellow River stream have led to severe eco-environmental issues. It is a key mission to promote a quality economy under environmental constraints. This paper, based on case study on 9 Yellow River stream provinces, selects 3 systems mineral resources development, economy and environment and their 7 tier-2 indicators and 28 tier-3 indicators to establish a coupling coordination evaluation system of mineral resources development, economy and environment in Yellow River stream, which is used to evaluate their comprehensive developing levels of the three systems in 9 provinces via their 2011 to 2021 panel data and by means of entropy. A coupling coordination model is constructed to study their coupling coordination among the three sub-systems with ArcGIS used to analyze its evolution in spatial pattern. All 9 provinces gained a rising comprehensive development index during 2011 to 2021 with down-stream higher than middle-stream and followed by the upper-stream, at 60.9%, 51.9% and 59.2% respectively. Province numbers with high coupling index have been increasing during 2011 to 2021 and provinces with low index have been decreasing. Coupling index in the middle- and down-stream is higher than the entire stream. From time scale, some provinces have been above coordinated during 2011 to 2021, some not with imbalanced coupling coordination but steadily forward. Spatially, all nine provinces have been stably rising in their coordinated index with 8 at coordinated, 88.89% of the total, high in east and low in west with polarization across provinces. This research provides theoretical references for Yellow River stream to protect and harness environment and to reach a regional economic coordinated development. This paper presents suggestions on focusing on imbalanced development, on planning, on developing mineral resources and on boosting eco-environment.

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