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THEORY AND MECHANISM OF CHINA'S CARBON EMISSION RIGHTS ALLOCATION FROM PERSPECTIVE OF COMMON PROSPERITY

CHEN Nan

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 1-12. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.010

Abstract （26）

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“Common prosperity” and “dual carbon” are the ultimate objective of China's quality development. Allocation of carbon emission rights is a crucial way to realize “dual carbon” objective, with the focus being on well handling with the relation between efficiency and equity, consistent with the allocating principle of common prosperity. This paper, based on China's practice, establishes the allocation theory of carbon emission rights for common prosperity through Marxist political economics with three times of allocation mechanism. Resources allocation is the precondition for controlling total carbon emission under the dual constraints of “resources and demands”, the margin of “cutting cake”. Unified equity and efficiency under socialism is the path to imbalanced development, to “cutting cake”, and to allocating carbon emission rights, which needs to be allocated based on a match between relations of production and allocation for common prosperity. Theoretically, carbon efficiency is the mainline throughout the three times of allocation, raising efficiency can promote the balance between costs and gains in reducing carbon emission so as to realize the objective of total volume control. Initial allocation of carbon emission rights is led by government who play a fundamental role with focus on opportunities equity, diminishing regional differences and giving equal development rights to areas. Re-allocation is based on carbon marketization and governmental supervision with focus on process equity, the third allocation is to compensate the unequal carbon emission rights among regions or sectors with focus on result equity. This paper presents suggestions on designing phased allocation schemes of carbon emission rights, deepening reform to advance nationwide unified market construction in accordance with developing changes of domestic productivity and relation of production.

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SPATIOTEMPORAL FEATURES AND DRIVING FACTORS OF CARBON SOURCES & SINKING EFFECTS OF JIANGXI'S FARMLAND ECOSYSTEM

LU Tiangui, LIANG Hui, CHEN Anying, FU Shufei, ZHAO Qiao

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 13-22. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.008

Abstract （25）

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Study on spatiotemporal features and driving factors of carbon sources and sinking effects of Jiangxi's farmland ecosystem can provide references to make emission reduction and fixing carbon measures in regional agriculture. This paper, taking Jiangxi province as the study area, uses parameters estimation and GIS to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon sources & sinking effects of Jiangxi's farmland ecosystem during 2012 to 2021, and applies LMDI model to explore its driving factors of spatial differentiation. The carbon sources & sinking effects of Jiangxi's farmland ecosystem have increased to 3.11 in 2021 from 2.81 in 2012 at an average yearly rising rate of 1.14%, and bear a dramatic regional variance showing spatial conglomeration, high carbon sources and high sinking effects in Ganzhou, low carbon sources and low sinking effects in central Jiangxi area. Among their driving factors, economy plays a fundamental role, directly affecting farmers' planting decisions and agricultural management. The structural elements show duality and heterogeneity, marked by impacts of different land uses on carbon sources and sinking effects. Productivity and labor element entangles mutually, technical advances may reduce labor demands but increase carbon emissions, labor-intensive agriculture may reduce carbon emissions but increase costs. This paper presents suggestions on making localized agricultural emission reduction and fixing carbon measures in terms of Jiangxi's natural resource occurrences, economy and agricultural production, providing theoretical supports for realizing carbon peaking and neutralization in ecological civilization demonstration areas.

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP CURSE IN NATURAL-RESOURCES-ABUNDANT AREAS: IMPACTS OF OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT

MAO Qiliang, LIU Yiting

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 23-35. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.007

Abstract （19）

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Encouraging entrepreneurship is a key basis to power the regional economy, but start-up cultures lack in natural-resources-abundant areas, disadvantageous for structural transformation and sustainable development in local economy. This paper, from perspective of occupational structures and institutional environment, explores the mechanism of natural resources occurrence on entrepreneurship, studies the “entrepreneurship curse”in natural-resources-abundant areas, and takes empirical test from 1% population sampling survey data in 2005. Natural resource occurrences deeply shape the occupational structures and institutional environment of regional industrial system, forming a regional environment disagreeable for entrepreneurship, the more abundant resources, the less entrepreneurship. Resources industry is of typical large industrial features with higher standardization in its occupational structures, unfavourable for shaping start-up personality. Non-complete marketized property trading system of natural resources lean to governmental corruption, worsening institutional environment, not good for spreading entrepreneurship. Resources economy bears internal features of regional economic system unfavourable for cultivating entrepreneurship, regional entrepreneurship can be further limited under a poor start-up external environment. Non-start up culture shaped by natural resource occurrences will further continuously constrain entrepreneurship through intergenerational transmission. Entrepreneurship curse in natural resources-abundant areas is a natural fruit of social evolution from resources economy under external environment and intergenerational transmission, emphasizing the significance of social ecological construction and formal institutional improvement on cultivating entrepreneurship, offering references to boost competitiveness and to enhance economic resilience.

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COMPENSATION STANDARD OF BASIC FARMLAND EX-SITU PROTECTION BASED ON PRODUCTION-ECOLOGICAL-SOCIAL FUNCTIONAL VALUES

ZHU Lingwei

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 36-46. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.009

Abstract （23）

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This paper, based on theories and methods of farmland production-ecological-social functional values and farmland development right values, uses social and economic development coefficients to design compensation standard model of basic farmland ex-situ protection, which gets verified in Guangdong province, aiming at optimizing farmland protection/compensation system and encouraging farmland protecting responsibilities. In Guangdong province, unit farmland comprehensive value ranges from 42.8~655.4 kCNY/(hm²·a), averaging at 373.2 province-wide. Unit farmland development right values ranges from 418.5~8 826.7 kCNY/(hm²·a), averaging at 1 375.0 province-wide. Compensation stands of basic farmland swap protection can be classified at 5 levels, Level 1 at 3 457.2 kCNY/(hm²·a), Level 2 at 538.0, Level 3 at 207.6, Level 4 at 105.1 and Level 5 at 70.4. Multiple values of farmland comprehensively measured from production, ecological and social functions can fully embody economical, ecological and social benefits of farmland, which not only expands the sole factor on production in traditional farmland resource values evaluation, but also provides references for improving economic compensation of farmland protection. Farmland development right values measured from construction land use base price and land supply structure can precisely display the opportunity cost loss from limiting land use for land protection. This paper provides a new way to estimate the true economic values of farmland protection, and helps resolve the conflicts between farmland protection and economic development, and provides theoretical supports for improving land protection mechanism.

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VIRTUAL WATER FLOWS AND RISK TRANSFER IN BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI (BTH) REGION BASED ON MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT/OUTPUT MODEL

ZHU Yuqing, WANG Tianning, WANG Xiyue

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 47-58. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.013

Abstract （23）

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Shortage of water resources has become one major issue in constraining BTH's sustainability. Large volume of virtual water in BTH in forms of commodity and servicing has been transferred, largely impacting the local water resources use and allocation. This paper establishes an environmentally-extended multi-regional input/output model, which is used to estimate their water use coefficients in industrial sections, and studies its virtual water flowing pattern and changes, and constructs water scarcity risk indicators and risk transfer values model, which is used to study the BHT's water resource shortage risks from input and output. During 2012 to 2017, BHT has an overall trend in saving water and efficiency as a net flowing in area of virtual water, which can effectively reduce the water resource shortage risks. Beijing and Tianjin receive a net virtual water flowing-in, largely supported by Hebei province. BHT has a low water use efficiency in agriculture, but has much potential in water saving in the upper- and down-stream of industrial and servicing sectors. Agricultural, food and cigarettes sectors play a key role in production and consumption sides. Beijing and Tianjin have a low risk indicator in water resource shortages, but Hebei is high, leading to an asymmetric adding risk in virtual water supplier and receiver,“Tianjin→Beijing” and “Hebei→Beijing” are two paths with higher risk transferring values. Beijing needs to adjust its industrial structure towards virtual water flowing-in, and Tianjin and Hebei need to focus on virtual water flowing-out. Virtual water strategy is an practical way in realize BHT's sustainability, BHT should further optimize industrial layout, promote trading structural upgrading, coordinate water resource flowing pattern and decrease regional water resource shortage risks.

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IMPACTS OF NEW QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY ON TECHNICAL ADVANCES IN WESTERN CHINA BASED ON SPATIAL DURBIN MODEL

LI Yan, HUANG Yi

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 59-70. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.004

Abstract （33）

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This paper uses spatial Durbin model and 1990 to 2022 panel data of Western China's 84 prefectures to study the impacts of new quality productivity on technical advances in western China. There is an upside-down “U-shaped” relation between urban sizes and technical advances, and the urban sizes have yet reached the turning point. That's means appropriately expanding urban sizes play a positive role in western China's technical advances. Direct effects of population density, economic quality and house price/income ratio and educational expense are positive and outstanding, indirect effects of economic quality, foreign direct investment and educational expense are positive and outstanding, the total effects of economic quality, foreign direct investment and educational expense are positive and outstanding, of which economic quality and educational expense play a positive promotion on technical advances in the local prefecture, its neighboring cities and even the whole area, educational expense plays the most. Direct effects of residential savings are negative and outstanding, indirect effects of population density, residential savings, house price/income ratio and inflation ratio are negative and outstanding, the total effects of residential savings, house price/income ratio and inflation ratio are negative and outstanding, of which direct, indirect and total effects of residential savings are negative, a key factor in blocking technical advances in western China. This paper presents suggestions on appropriately enlarging urban sizes, increasing educational expense, raising economic quality, attracting foreign direct investment, encouraging residential consumption to the promotion of new quality productivity on technical advances, which is significant to realizes technical power and to boost economy in western China.

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IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY ON URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS' INCOME GAP

GUAN Guoting, ZENG Fanyue, SUN Xue, WANG Jiao, GUO Lin

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 71-82. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.002

Abstract （29）

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Uban and rural residents' income gap has become a constraint against social quality development under the background of promoting common prosperity and rural revitalization, which requires to minimize gaps and to realize equity and coordinated development. This paper, based on agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP), uses benchmark regression model, spatial Durbin model and threshold model to explore its mechanism on urban and rural residents' income gap, aiming at offering references for shrinking the gap and advancing urban and rural integrated development. Agricultural GTFP can help minimize the gap through agricultural technical advances and efficiencies which increase farmers' income. Impacts of agricultural GTFP on the gap are of regional heterogeneity, mostly constraining in the east, followed by the west, and little in the central. The gap is of striking spatial correlation, high in west and low in east, which can be shrank through promoting agricultural GTFP in neighboring areas. Following a rising environmental regulation, agricultural GTFP plays a marginally declining role on minimizing the gap. Environmental regulation intensity as the critical threshold variable, dramatically and non-linearly, adjusts the relationship between agricultural GTFP and the gap. This paper, viewing from green development perspective, incorporates spatial correlation and environmental regulation with agricultural GTFP on the gap, reveals the multiple-dimensional path and regional difference of agricultural GTFP on the gap, and provides new views on promoting urban-rural balanced development and realized common prosperity. This paper presents suggestions on boosting agricultural technical innovation, conducting differentiated regional policies to precisely break bottlenecks, establishing trans-regional agricultural coalition, and optimizing environmental regulations to avoid constraining agricultural harvest.

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IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL DIVERSITY AND TECHNICAL NETWORK STRUCTURE ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA AREA

TANG Fengxia, TAN Juntao, QIU Fangdao

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 83-95. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.011

Abstract （30）

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Technical innovation is a key factor in boosting regional economic resilience. This paper, uses patent data measurement technically-related diversity and non-related diversity to construct urban technical network, applies anti-reality function to measure regional economic resilience, and employs multiple linear regression model to discuss impacting mechanism of technical diversity and technical network structure on regional economic resilience in 41 prefectures in Yangtze River delta area. Technical related diversity level, non-related diversity level in Yangtze River delta area show an overall rising trend, but imbalanced in spatiotemporal distribution, urban technical network topological structures (density, average agglomerating coefficient, average path length) vary largely, technical innovation turns to physical communication from traditional metallurgy. Spatiotemporal distribution of economical resilience intensity in Yangtze River delta area is uneven, low-in-east-high-in-west, and low-in-south-high-in-north, but generally in a rising trend. Technical non-related diversity constrains urban economic resilience, but technically related diversity show a U-shaped relation with urban economic resilience. Technical network density shows an upside-down U-shaped relation with regional resilience, a close technical network can promote technical communication innovation and boost regional economic resilience, but over close technical network plays in a negative role. This paper presents suggestions on promoting diversified technical production and optimized technical network structure to improve regional economic resilience.

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DYNAMIC EVOLUTION AND REGIONAL VARIANCE OF URBAN RESILIENCE IN YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE

XIAO Ying, HE Lei, LI Mengke, YU Ying, MENG Jiying, ZHOU Ye

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 96-108. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.001

Abstract （33）

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Cities are the vital spaces for social production and living, and are being challenged by natural disasters and public security events. Evaluation of urban resilience is of significance for boosting sustainable development and optimizing land planning in Yangtze River economic zone. This paper, aiming at constructing multiple dimensional urban resilience evaluation system to analyze the spatiotemporal variance rules and mechanism, and to provide references for making differentiated resilience-raising measures, uses 2010 to 2022 urban panel data of Yangtze River economic zone to establish a urban resilience comprehensive index system from economic, social, engineering, ecological and institutional resilience, and applies entropy weights TOPSIS to estimate the urban resilience comprehensive evaluation index, employs centroid-standard deviation ellipse to analyze the evolution of urban resilience, and depicts the absolute variance and dynamic evolution of urban resilience via kernel density estimation, and uses Dagum Gini
coefficient to study its relative variance. Urban resilience shows a waveringly rising trend in Yangtze River economic zone and its upper-, middle- and down-stream cities, but not as strong generally, high in upper- and down-stream and low in the middle-stream, with spatial evolution showing northeast-southwest striking. Absolute variance of urban resilience among Yangtze River economic zone and three regional cities is shrinking, but the upper-stream displays a polarity. Overall variance, intra-regional variance and inter-regional variance has dramatically dropped. This paper provides reference for raising urban resilience, promoting its coordinated growth and new urbanization and reaching urban sustainability in Yangtze River economic zone.

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A KIND OF“LAND-DEPLETION” PLANNING INDICATOR ESTIMATION BASED ON DECADE PANEL DATA OF CHINA'S 64 LARGE-MIDDLE CITIES

ZHANG Jiancheng, ZHANG Jinting

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 109-118. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.006

Abstract （31）

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Land intensive use is key way to a harmonious coexistence of humans and nature, and is also a demand for new urbanization and quality development. This paper, based on a research way of “overall induction to individual deduction” and decade panel data of China's 64 cities, uses classification statistics and panel data analysis to establish a planning indictor estimation of unit GDP construction land use area with “base value + correctional coefficient”. All 64 cities show a declining trend in “land consumption”, varying largely among cities levels with conglomeration inside level. Average statistics and panel regression are combined to establish a “land consumption” base values for different city levels, and determine their correctional coefficients from time and individuals, which is a feasible and practical estimation. Based on a case of Fangcheng port, this paper estimate its 2025 and 2035 “land consumption” planning indication values, which are adjusted from development strategies and construction land stock and planning system, dropping the error rates between indicator values and planning values to 3% and 6% from 21% and 11%, respectively. Such an estimation effectively simplifies the way determining indicators in planning policy making, compensates the virgin research domains, helps comparison and planning connection among cities, meaningful for land spatial planning indicator system construction.

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OPTIMIZATION OF ECOLOGICAL SPATIAL PATTERN OF YANGTZE RIVER AREAS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

WANG Zhenshan, LU Jiancheng, SHEN Chunzhu, BU Xinguo

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 119-127. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.005

Abstract （22）

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Jiangsu's Yangtze River areas bear the most ecological carrying capacity pressure, the biggest conflict between ecological protection and economical activities, and the most urgent ecological restoration. To study ecological spatial pattern optimization in Jiangsu's Yangtze River areas can relieve regional ecological pressure, promote a synergism of ecological protection and economic development, and provide decision supports for ecological civilization construction and high-quality development in Yangtze River economic zone. This paper, taking Jiangsu's counties within 10 km of Yangtze River as the study area, uses their land data as basis, and employs ecological servicing values significance evaluation and ecological sensitivities evaluation to select ecological source areas, and applies the minimum cumulative resistance model to identify ecological corridor, on which ecological spatial pattern of Jiangsu's Yangtze River areas is constructed. Their ecological spatial patterns are optimized at ecological nodes and in ecological corridors, which are evaluated by means of scene connection index before and after optimization. This study identifies 9 ecological source areas and 8 ecological corridors in Jiangsu's Yangtze River area with areas up to 2 937.79 km² and 198.12 km², respectively. 1 ecological floating island and 6 ecological corridors have been added through pattern optimization, forming a complete and systematic ecological spatial pattern. Further connecting ecological space provides path for biological migration, which not only increases its biodiversity, but also reduces scenic fragmentation and decreases regional scene connection. The optimized ecological spaces have higher connection and stability, offering guidelines for sustainable land use and protection of Jiangsu's Yangtze River areas and directions for land use in the middle- and upper-stream of Yangtze River economic zone.

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SYMBIOSIS AND UPGRADING MECHANISM OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY VALUE CHAIN BETWEEN CHINA AND MONGOLIA UNDER DIGITAL TRADE ENVIRONMENT

ZHANG Xiaodong, HE Pan, QIAO Guanghua, BATARQI Baasansukh, ZHANG Xinyuan

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 128-141. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.012

Abstract （20）

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China and Mongolia have more mutual interests in agriculture and animal husbandry, which becomes a key sector for both in trading. Practically, both countries vary in their agriculture and animal husbandry, especially on value chains, but complementary each other. How to advance the symbiosis and collaborative upgrading of agricultural and animal husbandry value chain between China and Mongolia during the global value chain reconstruction has been become a pending point in cooperation. This paper uses references and theoretical analysis, deep conversations and site investigations to study the operations, collaborative decision factors and collaborative development of agricultural and animal husbandry value chain between China and Mongolia via value chain theory and facts. Under the current digital trading environment, cross-border electric traders have higher operating efficiency in agricultural and animal husbandry value chain between China and Mongolia, help form industrial values and add values, increase its value chains and sharing. This paper reveals the symbiosis mechanism of agricultural and animal husbandry value chain between China and Mongolia from symbiosis operation mode, collaboration mechanism and products extension, and presents upgrading mechanism form collaborative decision drives, factors and paths. This paper provides references for China and Mongolia to realize symbiosis and upgrading in agricultural and animal husbandry value chain, to deepen trading and to materialize “five missions” of Inner Mongolia.

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INTEGRATION EFFICIENCY OF GUANGXI'S CULTURAL AND TOURISM INDUSTRIES BASED ON DEA-MALMQUIST MODEL#br#

LI Hui, HUANG Yanling, WANG Lu, LIANG Mingwei

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (4): 142-150. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.003

Abstract （26）

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To respond nation's call for a deep integration of culture and tourism and to promote their quality development, this paper treats cultural and tourism integration as key strategy, which plays a critical role in industrial upgrading and increasing comprehensive competitiveness. This paper, focusing on significance of cultural and tourism integration, uses Guangxi's 2010 to 2021 cultural and tourism data and DEA model and Malmquist Index to study their cultural and tourism integration efficiencies in Guangxi's 14 prefectures. Guangxi's comprehensive technical efficiency had been largely increased during 2010 to 2021 generally. Technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are below 1 in Guangxi's 13 prefectures except Nanning, leaving room to improve. The total factor productivity efficiency of Guangxi's cultural and tourism integration is above 1 during 2010 to 2021 except 2019 to 2020, suggesting an intensifying integration between cultural and tourism resources. The total factor productivity efficiency of Guangxi's 14 prefectures is above 1, indicating a rising integration efficiency. Quality growth of Guangxi's cultural and tourism industries needs to boost quality and innovative capabilities of cultural and tourism products and to optimize their investment scales to ensure high efficient use of resources. This paper put forward suggestions on inter-regional cooperation, sharing resources and constructing localized cultural and tourism industrial chain for a sustainable, healthy and fast development of Guangxi's cultural and tourism industry.

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IMPROVING ALL-PEOPLE-OWNED NATURAL RESOURCES SUPERVISION SYSTEM: REALITY, THEORETICAL LOGICS AND APPROACHES

YUAN Shuai, CHENG Jinhua, WANG Zhengyan, LI Guang, CHEN Jiaohao, GUO Yongying

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 1-9. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250307.001

Abstract （75）

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Improving all-people-owned natural resource supervision system is the core content of constructing entrusting mechanism of all-people-owned natural resources ownership, and a key regime guarantee to advance eco-civilization construction and to realize Chinese-featured modernization. This paper, based on a research framework of “reality-system evolution-issues summary-theoretical logistics-approaches”, reviews the evolution of China's natural resources supervision system from its reality, and summarizes the structural conflicts of current supervision system, and analyzes the theoretical logistics and optimization approaches. China's current administrative supervision system has structural conflicts between internal and external supervision, congress supervision and judicial supervision, weak social supervision mechanism, all unfavorable for preserving or increasing the values of natural resources, and for maintaining an ecological security border. Improving supervision system needs to be aiming at internal requests of entrusting mechanism and based on clarifying responsibilities ownerships to coordinate central and local financing powers, boundary of government and market, balancing supervision costs and efficiency, and resolve the puzzle of supervision through responsibilities and stimulation. Improving natural resources supervision system needs to construct a five-in-one of “administrative supervision-audit supervision-congress supervision-jurisdictional supervision-public supervision”. Internal supervision needs to be collaborative with administrative supervision by means of construction supervision network across departments and clarifying the responsibilities of natural resources authorities. Audit supervision needs multiple dimensional audit index system and a smart audit system to realize a deep coupling between natural resources B&L and audit supervision. External supervision shall enforce congress's legal efforts by determining its supervision process and responsibilities through specific legislation. Judicial supervision needs to increase its authority by improving a linking mechanism between public interests' lawsuit system of natural resources and law enforcement. Public supervision shall be boosted by setting up information platform and independent supervision agents turning it from “campaigning style” to “legalized style”. Improving natural resources supervision system can help the entrusting dilemma in natural resource assets management and provide supports for reaching ecological civilization objectives and driving a quality development.

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INTEGRATING EFFECTS AND INDUCED MOTIVATION OF CHINA'S PROVINCIAL DIGITAL INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTURING

ZHOU Lingling

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 10-23. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250218.001

Abstract （82）

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Integration of China regional digital industries and manufacturing is a critical pivot for accelerating China's regional industrial upgrading, forming new developing pattern and realizing quality economy. This paper, viewing from perspective of new developing pattern, uses China's regional input output table in 2017 to construct an index of direct integration, entire integration and integration interaction from supply side which is used to measure their integrating effects of digital industries and manufacturing in China's provinces. From demand side, this paper establishes the direct & indirect induction of China's provincial digital industries to explore their induced motivation. Technical density of digital industries is positively related to manufacturing, the higher technologies of the manufacturing, the stronger demand it for digital products viewing from technical manufacturing. By provinces, their direct integration shows a gap with entire integration, higher integration in eastern coastal provinces, lower in central and western province, as a geographic pattern of “east-high-west-low”, driving of digital industries to manufacturing varies with provinces. From induced motivation, investment and exports work more on communication equipment, computers and other electronic devices, and consumption and investment more on “information transmission, software and information technical services”. This paper presents suggestions on boosting a deep integration of digital industries, diminishing “digital economic gap”, accelerating digital infrastructural construction, and advancing regional data elements flow, which drives China's provincial integration of digital economy with manufacturing to power development of new quality productivity.

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DIGITAL ECONOMY, INNOVATION ELEMENTS FLOWING AND REGIONAL INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT

YIN Jingyu, FANG Lin, WANG Xinxin

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 24-33. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250126.001

Abstract （91）

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This paper, based on digital economy and integrated development theory and provincial data, uses relative pricing method and multiple weighted evaluation to estimate 2007 to 2022 digital economic index and integrated development index, and applies spatial Dubin, threshold effect and mechanism effect models to verify the impacts and mechanism of digital economy on regional integrated development. Mechanism mode displays digital economy can promote regional integrated development through “innovation elements flowing”. Spatial accounting model shows digital economy plays a larger promoting role on regional integrated development in eastern and central areas than the siphon effect of central cities, but central cities in northeastern and western play siphon effect on their surrounding cities. Threshold effect model indicates that digital economy plays a different role on regional integrated development from synergy between “innovative materials flowing” and “innovative talents flowing” when digital economy serves as threshold variable. Digital economy has dual threshold effects; its synergy with innovative capital flowing plays a declining role on regional integrated development as digital economy is advancing under innovative capital flowing. Digital economy has a single threshold effect; its synergy with innovative talent flowing will limit regional integrated development if digital economy is at low intensity under innovative talent flowing, but it will be a promotion if digital economy is at high intensity.

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COUPLING COORDINATION BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL CONGLOMERATION AND NEW URBANIZATION IN ZHONGYUAN CITY CLUSTER

MA Li, ZHANG Linyuan, LI Na

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 34-43. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250225.001

Abstract （71）

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Zhongyuan City Cluster is located in the heartland of China's inland with industrial conglomeration advantages, which is one of key new national urbanization and is facing a key task how to realize “industries-drive-city & city-drive-industries”. This paper, taking Zhongyuan City Cluster of 29 prefectures as a case, establishes a coupling coordination evaluation system between industrial conglomeration and new urbanization of Zhongyuan City Cluster, and uses their 2001 to 2022 panel data and entropy method to evaluate their comprehensive development of industrial conglomeration and new urbanization. Coupling coordination model is applied to quantify their temporal-spatial evolution of coupling coordination, and obstacle model is employed to study the constraints impacting industry-city coupling coordination. During the study period, Zhongyuan City Cluster is developing well in its industrial conglomeration and new urbanization, but varying in provinces. In a time scale, their coupling coordination shows a swift from “lightly disordered” to “initial ordered”. Zhengzhou and Luoyang are leading in coupling coordination. Geographically, coupling coordination largely varies, showing a distribution pattern of “west-high-east-low & north-high-south-low”. Obstacles against their coupling coordination vary in a time scale include industrial density and structures which have been always a constraint, and spatial urbanization has been same constraint except the year of 2001. This paper presents suggestions on increasing comprehensive strength, intensifying regional competitiveness, boosting industrial upgrades led by central cities and optimizing urban layout, which can provide theoretical reference for an effective resources use and sustainable economy of Zhongyuan City Cluster.

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CARBON EMISSION FACTORS AND SCENARIO FORECASTS OF GUANGDONG-HONGKONG-MACAO BAY AREA

YAO Xiaojian, WU Yuyuan

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 44-53. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250217.002

Abstract （85）

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It is of significance for realizing the target of China's “Dual Carbon” to reveal the carbon emission factors and to precisely forecast carbon emission peak value and time. This paper selects 2010 to 2022 NPP-VIIRS night lighting data in Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Bay area (GHMB) to estimate their carbon emission of 11 cities, and uses Moran index to measure their temporal-spatial heterogeneities, and constructs a expanded STIRPAT model to study their carbon emission factors, and forecasts the 2022 to 2050 carbon emissions under 3 scenarios. GHMB generally shows a fluctuated rising trend in its carbon emission, but a declining in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, a fast growing trend in Huizhou and Jiangmen cities, suggesting different industrial developing modes and carbon emission controls. Carbon emission shows an obvious spatial concentrating, high in Guangzhou, low in Macao, from not outstanding to high in Huizhou. Population, urbanization and research & development investment are positive factors carbon emission, while GDP per capita, industrial structure and openness are negative ones. Carbon emission in developing and developed areas varies with GDP per capita and industrial structures. Carbon emission can not be effectively controlled under benchmark or fast growing scenarios, but effectively under carbon peaking scenario. This paper presents suggestions on switching to low-carbon industrial transformation in Huizhou and Jiangmen, on establishing carbon emission cooperation, on boosting research & development investments in clean energy and green technologies, making adaptive low carbon strategy and differentiated policies in coordinating population, economy and industrial structures so as to keep economic growth same pace with carbon emission reduction.

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QUALITY DEVELOPMENT MEASUREMENT AND SPATIAL NETWORK EFFECTS OF MANUFACTURING IN WESTERN CHINA

AOBULI Talipu, ZHAO Guangming, WUSIMAN Niyazi

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 54-65. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250220.001

Abstract （50）

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This paper, based on 2015—2022 manufacturing data of 11 provinces in western China, uses Moran index and social network method to establish a manufacturing quality development correlated network combined with corrected gravity model, which is applied to analyze spatial network structures and evolution of western China's manufacturing. Moran index indicates outstandingly positive with quality development of western China's manufacturing, and stably. Sichuan and Chongqing shed strong radiation around their surrounding areas, Xinjiang trends to be independent, and Ningxia had long been at the marginal network before 2022. Corrected gravity model shows a rising density and overall efficiency of quality development spatial correlated network in western China. Increasing degree centrality, highly frequent inter-provincial communications, rising mediation centrality, and a balanced network structure suggest the quality development in western China's manufacturing be of vast spatial differentiation and imbalance with a shrinking gap. The overall strength of southwestern is stronger than northwestern due to its better economy and infrastructures which attract lots of productive elements driving the manufacturing. Sichuan and Chongqing as the engines for regional development play a strong leading role to their surrounding areas, and Shaanxi is also improving its influence, Xinjiang and Ningxia, underdeveloped, are gradually improving in regional cooperation and industrial transfer. Shanxi pushes its industrial upgrade through innovation, Ningxia accelerates new/old engines conversion via industrial upgrade, and Xinjiang advances in manufacturing, all grow with locally featured industries. Such strategies and practices provide solid supports for quality development of western China's manufacturing.

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PORT-CITY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN LIAONING COASTAL ECONOMIC ZONE BASED ON NETWORK SBM-DEA

ZHOU Baogang, YAN Yuqing, FENG Xinyu

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 66-76. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250217.001

Abstract （39）

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To stress the importance of continuity of ports and cities' operation on their sustainability, this paper establishes a comprehensive compound system of port city, and uses SBM-DEA model which takes green GDP as desired output, environmental protection costs as green inputs, carbon dioxide emission as non-desired output to systematically evaluate productivity of port-city compound system of port cities in Liaoning province, and discusses its sustainability. Phased productivities of the overall Liaoning port city show that urban inputs/outputs conversion rate is largely higher than port. Productivities of port cities show a waving trend in a time range, suggesting a complexity and dynamic of port-city operation. SBM-DEA model suggests an insufficient “port-city” internal coordination. Dalian is a city of sustainability, Yingkou and Jinzhou of port sustainability, Panjin and Huludao of average sustainability, and Dandong of poor sustainability. This paper presents suggestions for each port city with the purpose of promoting a balanced, green and sustainable path in Liaoning's port cities.

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CLIMATIC CHANGE RISKS AND CHINESE ENTERPRISES' INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY

YOU Di, YU Haozhen, HUANG Yong, DAI Guilin, YANG Chengye

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 77-96. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250303.001

Abstract （64）

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As climate changes abruptly, climatic risks increasingly affect Chinese enterprises' investment efficiency. This paper uses Chinese A-listed companies' 2007 to 2022 data to establish an enterprise climatic risks index, and applies bi-directional fixed effect model to systematically study the impacts and mechanism of climatic risks on enterprises' investment efficiency. Climatic risks largely decrease enterprises' investment efficiency, still valid after stability tests and endogeneity tests, through accelerating agenting conflicts, operational risks, financing constraints and decreasing productivity which lead to over investment or insufficient investment indicated by mechanism analysis. Transformation risks negatively impact investment efficiency largely, but severe risks and slow risks impact a little. Economic aftermath shows that decreasing investment efficiency resulted by climatic risks further accumulate the risks of stock prices collapse. Digital transformation, green upgrades, media attention, and constraining executives may help mitigate the negative impacts of climatic risks on investment efficiency. This paper presents suggestions on incorporating climatic risks management into strategies to increase capabilities against risks, on optimizing internal structures to mitigate agenting conflicts and financing constraints, on boosting green and digital transformation to raise enterprises' climatic resilience so as to reach a sustainability.

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CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC STORAGE CHARGING STATIONS IN CONSIDERATION OF GEOGRAPHIC VARIANCE

ZHONG Zewei, ZHANG Rongda, ZHAO Xiaoli

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 97-114. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250226.001

Abstract （82）

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Popular electric vehicles are becoming a meaningful way for low carbon transportation. China's electric production of fossil fuels is mostly from coal, and carbon emission per kilometer of electric vehicles amounts to 54% to 73% of the traditional gasoline vehicles. As distributed photovoltaic electricity develops, photovoltaic storage charging stations can reduce carbon mission for charging vehicles. However, their roles in reducing carbon emission vary across the country, which lacks a systematic evaluation and comparison. This paper uses GIS and capacities of photovoltaic storage charging stations to study their carbon emission reduction and economic benefits in consideration of carbon emission social costs. Photovoltaic storage charging stations can reduce carbon emission in charging vehicles with no added economic costs in most provinces, down by 22.9% compared with traditional charging from grid, up to 7460 kt of carbon dioxide given at the current electric vehicles amounts, and down by 6.6% in charging costs. Liaoning is doing a good job in carbon emission reduction through photovoltaic storage charging stations, and Tianjin obtains the best economic benefits. Carbon emission reduction can be further boosted if carbon emission social costs are considered only with slightly weakening its economic benefits.

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OVERVIEWS AND CONSOLIDATED FRAMEWORKS OF GREEN INNOVATION PAPERS BASED ON QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

WU Suming, CHENG Jiahao, DING Xiuhao

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 115-135. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250322.001

Abstract （122）

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To overview the research advancements on green innovation in China, this paper, based on 1566 pieces of papers of CNKI database during 1998 to 2024, uses paper counts to analyze the developing trend of China's green innovation research, and clarifies its concept, methods and design under different perspectives, and establishes a consolidated framework of green innovation research according to a logic mode of “factors-mechanism-results”, and presents suggestions on deepening green innovation concept, developing a mature measuring way, and diversifying research approaches, and expanding mechanisms and marginal conditions under different viewing perspectives. Published paper counts on China's green innovation research have been climbing due to impacts of economy and policies with uneven distribution, bearing features of across-subjects. Major authors and organizations show a “core-scattering” distribution, less multiple researcher groups and across-regional cooperating organizations characterized by regions. Research hotspots cover its concept, causes, mechanisms and consequences and objectives, with subjects showing diversified scattering and of three evolutionary phases. 1998 to 2009 as concept forming period focusing on concept analysis and theoretical establishment of green innovation, 2010 to 2015 as policy-driven period on factors and consequences, and 2016 to present as diversified integrating period on diversifying research contents marked with 3 features in policy tools innovation, mechanism deepening analysis and technical-economic integration. Concepts of green innovation are defined from objectives, responsibilities, ranges and urgencies, showing compound values, penetrating responsibilities, multiple-dimensional structures and dynamic adaptation. Research approaches and designs involve cases, empirical and simulated analysis. The knowledge framework of green innovation is mainly composed of causes, processes and consequences, of which causes including external environment, individual and organizational levels, processes including mediating and adjusting effects, and consequences including ecological, economic and comprehensive benefits.

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TEXT MINING AND QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION POLICIES OF YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE: BASED ON TOPSIS-PMC INDEX MODEL

ZHANG Hua, LIU Ning, LI Huajiao

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 136-148. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250225.002

Abstract （41）

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As a presentative of large river ecological harness and quality development, eco-environmental protection of Yangtze River economic zone has received governmental much attention and has obtained achievements under policies with Xi's concept of “big-protection-not-big-development”, which need to be further studied their rationality and coverages. This paper uses 8 pieces of ecological protection policies of Yangtze River Economic Zone issued during 2016 to 2021, which are quantitatively assessed by means of text mining and TOPSIS-PMC index model and combined with PMC index and PMC curve. Macroscopically, PMC index of 8 pieces of sample policies has an average value at 7.11, above the excellent level, suggesting these policies are appropriate. Microscopically, the detailed indices of policies vary at their scores, some low suggesting there are issues, including lacks of coalition, lacks of unified protection of hill-water-forest-farmland-lake-grass-sand, lacks of protection codes and lacks of summary. This paper presents suggestions on diversifying ecological protection and harness responsibilities to establish a coordinated system for eco-environmental protection in Yangtze River Economic Zone, on constructing a comprehensive harness system across administrative divisions, and on erecting an exhibition platform for data openness and achievements of ecological protection in Yangtze River Economic Zone.

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PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES POLICIES OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

LIU Chennan, WANG Chao, LI Wenlong, YANG Shuwang, MA Tianyu

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 149-159. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250103.001

Abstract （47）

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Mineral resources as a vital support to Heilongjiang's economy plays a critical role in local industrial and economic growth. To ensure their sustainability, Heilongjiang authorities have recently issued a series of mineral resource policies, which lacks a systematic assessment on their performances during execution. This paper uses multiple-dimensional data method to discuss the performance of mineral resources policies of Heilongjiang province. This study designed and dispatched questionnaires for different stakeholders, including mineral resource authorities, exploration units and mine entities with 489 pieces of valid returns. Questionnaires had been first validated with their reliabilities and effectiveness through confidence analysis which ensures their internal consistency, and through effectiveness analysis which verifies the accuracy and relativeness. This paper uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and importance-performance analysis (IPA) to process data for a better understanding of executing performances of different policies. Heilongjiang's mineral resource policies acquire a higher rate in their performance, particularly on policy framework stability, supervision and appropriate mineral resources development. However, some perform poorly, i.e., overlapped issuing mineral rights management on same mineral leads to a low execution efficiency. Regulations regarding “net ore” issue lacks a determined operation standard, increasing complexities and uncertainties in mineral resources management. This paper presents suggestions for Heilongjiang's further mineral resources policies, which provides references in coordinated development among mineral resources management reform, mineral resources development and eco-environmental protection.

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GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND MEASURES OF SCATTERING ABANDONED COAL MINES: A CASE STUDY ON WANGCANG'S YANZI TOWN COAL MINE

GU Caiyu, YANG Yu, LIU Tao, YANG Hong, CAO Lu

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (3): 160-170. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241219.001

Abstract （51）

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As economy grows, vast mining activities will inevitably destroy the local soil and eco-system during or after mining, and lead to occupation of farmlands and forests, and geological environmental issues like polluted air and waters, which threatens people's health and adversely affects eco-environment, attracting a high public attention. This paper, based on a case study on scattering abandoned coal mines in Wangcang county, discusses its geological environmental issues after coal mining, including destroyed forest, geological disasters, solid and water waste pollution. This paper also presents measures for the above issues with gaining practical benefits. The initial terrains holding abandoned wastes can be classified as planar, slope, concave and convex, of which gentle slope accumulation is the most. Slopes with abandoned wastes can be restored by hydraulic sprinkling, 3-dimensional vegetation net sprinkling, cutting, backfilling and consolidating. Geological disasters can be harnessed by “prevention-drainage-maintenance”. Water pollution can be resolved by physical & chemical processing, and ecological restoration. Waste gushing can be handled by clearing accumulates, building walls and drainages. Ecological restoration uses a combination of arbors (high plus low) plus vines plus grasses which technically increases stability and restoring capabilities of eco-system. Performance shows that the measures have largely improved the ecological environment in the mining area, with newly-increased farmland by 8.7 hm², and forest by 480 hm², vegetation restoring rate up to 70% from 30%, soil erosion rate down to 5% from 15%, multiple increase of environmental, social and economic benefits. Scientific management and technical innovation effectively mitigate the risks of geological disasters. This paper provides references for further harnessing abandoned mines for a concept of “green-water-blue-mountain-is-gold-silver-mountain”.

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GLOBAL REES RESOURCES AND GLOBAL REES MARKETS

LI Yuwei

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 1-19. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250306.006

Abstract （79）

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REEs resources are not only ranking atop in the global key minerals list, but also one of China's dominant minerals in the world.For a purpose of boosting China's REEs industry, this paper uses global REEs data to analyze their global resources and global markets.REEs are not rare.The major REEs deposit types, characterized by low mineralization and whole rock mineralization, are distribution globally with their reserves up to 110 million metric tonnes on land, more in the oceans.Exploration, production, process and trading of REEs resources shall be determined by pricing rules, rather that by geopolitics.The only direction to make a stronger global REEs industry is focus on globalization and marketization.Separation of REES has always been China's core technologies, making China's REEs concentrates dominate the most global market share.China may cancel refining restriction policies of imported REEs products when appropriate in the future, which cannot indirectly limit our competitors, but also maintain China's leading role in REEs separation technologies in the global REEs industry.China has huge amounts of scrapped vehicles, wind turbines, computers and cell phones containing REEs each year.In order to strengthen the recycling and reuse of mineral resources and promote high-quality economic and social development, China can adopt measures such as tax reduction and exemption for waste refining and recycling enterprises, and increase investment in research of waste refining and recycling technology, so as to achieve the purpose of continuously improving the secondary recycling rate of China's REEs resources.To catch up with the developing opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution and to continue China's dominance on global REEs industry, this paper puts forward suggestions on developing new REEs products as one growing approach to enlarging China's REEs industrial scale, developing new rare earth functional materials as a strong driving force to enhance the strength of China's REEs industry.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND DPSIR MODEL EVALUATION OF RESOURCE BASED CITIES BASED ON A CASE STUDY OF XUZHOU CONSTRUCTING NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA INNOVATION DEMONSTRATION ZONE

LIU Zezhao, ZHAI Yunjing

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 20-31. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250306.004

Abstract （57）

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To study how to push sustainable development of resource-based cities, this paper uses DPSIR model with 17 UN-issued SDGs as evaluation indicators to establish an evaluation index system of sustainable development of resource-based cities, which is applied to study the sustainable development of resource-based cities and the evaluation of DPSIR model based on a case study of Xuzhou constructing national sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zone, and to study their coupling coordination among five sub-systems in DPSIR model.During constructing national sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zone, Xuzhou boosts a green industrial upgrading, actively implements expansion of new industries and increment of traditional industries under a dual-powered strategy of advanced manufacturing and modern servicing, which escalates Xuzhou's new industrial system and enhances its industrial competitiveness.Sustainable development of resource-based cities is a compound system composed of interrelated economy, society and environment, and requires a good coupling coordination between the sub-systems and their indicators of the DPSIR model.In the driving force subsystem (D) and pressure subsystem (P) of DPSIR model, the evaluation indexes of output energy consumption and unemployment rate have a negative effect on the sustainable development of Xuzhou city, which can be offset by reducing unit energy consumption and increasing employment in Xuzhou.

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DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, GREEN INNOVATION AND HEAVILY POLLUTING ENTERPRISES' GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ZHANG Qian, XING Zhihua

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 32-45. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.2025031

Abstract （66）

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In order to study the relationship between digital transformation, green innovation and green total factor productivity of heavily polluting enterprises, as well as the moderating role of corporate governance among the three, this paper, based on the 2010-2022 data of China's A-listed heavily polluting enterprises, uses SBM-Malmquist index to estimate green total factor productivity of enterprises, and establishes a quantitative model to study the impacts of digital transformation on green total factor productivity of enterprises.A mediation test model and an adjustment test model are constructed to explore the mediating role of green innovation level between digital transformation level and green total factor productivity of enterprises, and the moderating effect of corporate governance level between digital transformation level, green innovation level and green total factor productivity of enterprises.This paper also verifies heterogeneity in enterprises' ownership, financing constraints and sectors.A positive correlation exists between digital transformation and green total factor productivity of enterprises, suggesting digital transformation can largely improve green total factor productivity of heavily polluting enterprises.Digital transformation can improve the green innovation level of enterprises, and the green innovation level plays a partial mediation role between the digital transformation level and the green total factor productivity of enterprises.The level of corporate governance plays a positive moderating effect between the level of digital transformation and the level of green innovation, that is, improving the level of corporate governance can strengthen the role of digital transformation in improving the level of green innovation, which can also improve the green total factor productivity of heavily polluting enterprises.The digital transformation of state-owned heavily polluting enterprises will play a greater role in improving green total factor productivity of enterprises than that of non-state-owned heavily polluting enterprises, and the digital transformation of heavily polluting enterprises with low financing constraints will play a greater role in improving green total factor productivity of enterprises than that of heavily polluting enterprises with high financing constraints.The digital transformation of non-manufacturing heavily polluting enterprises will play a greater role in improving the green total factor productivity of enterprises than that of manufacturing heavily polluting enterprises.

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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ENTERPRISE GREEN INNOVATION

ZHANG Qian, XING Zhihua

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 46-59. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250306.005

Abstract （66）

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To study the impacts of environmental regulation on enterprise green innovation and roles/mechanism of artificial intelligence between environmental regulation and enterprise green innovation, this paper, based on 2000 to 2019 data of China's A-listed manufacturers, uses bi-directional fixed effect model to their relation among environmental regulation, artificial intelligence and enterprise green innovation.Environmental regulation can dramatically improve enterprise green innovation, which also can be boosted by applying artificial intelligence through mitigating enterprise financing constraints, increasing whole element productivity and saving laboring costs.Environmental regulation cannot improve the green innovation level of state-owned enterprises, but the application of artificial intelligence can enhance the role of environmental regulation in improving the green innovation level of state-owned enterprises.Environmental regulation can improve the green innovation level of non-state-owned enterprises, and the application of artificial intelligence can enhance the role of environmental regulation in improving the green innovation level of non-state-owned enterprises.Environmental regulation cannot improve the green innovation level of small-scale enterprises, and the application of artificial intelligence cannot enhance the role of environmental regulation in improving the green innovation level of small-scale enterprises.Environmental regulation can improve the green innovation level of large-scale enterprises, and the application of artificial intelligence can enhance the role of environmental regulation in improving the green innovation level of large-scale enterprises.Environmental regulation cannot improve the level of green innovation of labor-intensive enterprises, and the application of artificial intelligence cannot enhance the role of environmental regulation in improving the green innovation level of labor-intensive enterprises.Environmental regulation can improve the green innovation level of capital-intensive enterprises, and the application of artificial intelligence can enhance the role of environmental regulation in improving the green innovation level of capital-intensive enterprises.Environmental regulation cannot improve the green innovation level of technology-intensive enterprises, but the application of artificial intelligence can enhance the role of environmental regulation in improving the green innovation level of technology-intensive enterprises.

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URBAN SIZE AND VALUE CHAIN RESILIENCE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INDUSTRY BASED ON A CASE STUDY OF THE BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI URBAN AGGLOMERATION

LIU Jianzhao, LU Haixin

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 60-68. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250306.001

Abstract （34）

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Cities‘ roles on value chain resilience of integrated circuit industry vary with their sizes.To understand their relationship, this paper establishes a linkage between urban size and value chain resilience of integrated circuit industry, based on a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, and uses fixed effect least squares estimation model to deeply elucidate impacts of urban size on value chain resilience of integrated circuit industry.Impact coefficients of urban size on value chain resilience of integrated circuit industry are at 0.278 4 in ultra-large cities, 0.243 7 in large cities, and 0.146 0 in type I cities, significant at the 5% or 10% level, suggesting a larger urban size can increase value chain resilience of integrated circuit industry.Impact coefficients of enterprise scale, profitability and operational capabilities are at 0139 5, 0.074 3 and 0.043 1, respectively, significant at the 1% or 10% level, indicating they all play a positive impacting role on the value chain resilience of the integrated circuit industry.Ultra-large cities’ interaction with enterprise scale produces a positive role with coefficient at 0.144 1 on value chain resilience of integrated circuit industry, while large cities and type I cities are at 0.193 5 and 0.215 2, it is indicated that the positive impact of the interaction term between the urban size and the enterprise scale on the resilience of the value chain of the integrated circuit industry will gradually weaken as the urban size expands. Ultra-large cities‘ interaction with enterprise profitability plays a positive role at 0.145 6 on value chain resilience of integrated circuit industry, while large cities and type I cities are at -0.214 5 and -0.287 3, it shows that the positive impact of the interaction term between the urban size and the profitability of enterprises on the resilience of the value chain of the integrated circuit industry will gradually increase as the urban scale expands.

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EVALUATION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF LOW CARBON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC BELT

LI Yu, BI Lanxia

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 69-76. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250306.003

Abstract （46）

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The Yangtze River Economic Belt, as one of China‘s vital agricultural producing bases, impacts the performances of China’s “dual carbon” strategy by its low carbon agricultural development.To study the developing status and issues of low carbon agriculture in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt so as to provide references for China‘s low carbon agriculture, this paper establishes an evaluation system index and uses entropy method to estimate its low carbon agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and applies fixed effect model to reveal the influencing factors.Low carbon agricultural development level in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a fluctuating rising trend from 2012 to 2021, with continuously climbing carbon index gaining a highest score among three tier 1 indicators, suggesting a good control over carbon emission from agriculture.The Yangtze River Economic Belt has gained a relatively low output index from 2012 to 2021, still in rising trend, meaning a growing agricultural producing efficiency and outputs.Its energy index gained a declining trend from 2012 to 2021, indicating that fossil energy consumption has been rising, renewable energy has been used less, leading to a negative impact on low carbon agricultural development.Among all factors impacting low carbon agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, economic development, planting productive structure, scientific and technological innovation input, agricultural producing efficiency and urbanization play a positive role, but agricultural staffing amount plays negatively.

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COUPLING TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EVOLUTION BETWEEN ECOLOGICAL SECURITY AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA（CHONGQING SECTION）

PENG Guochuan, CAO Jiameng, SHEN Na, GUAN Dongjie

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 77-91. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250306.002

Abstract （54）

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To explore the coupling relationship between ecological security and food security, this paper, taking the Three Gorges Reservoir Area（Chongqing Section）as a case, establishes an evaluation index system of coupling coordination between ecological security and food security and an evaluation model, which is used to estimate ecological security index and food security index and to study their temporal-spatial evolution.A driving factor model is built to measure gray correlation of indicators in ecological security system and food security system, and to analyze their impacts in their systems.A coupling coordination model and relative development model are constructed to study the temporal-spatial evolution and relative development of coupling coordination between ecological security system and food security system.Ecological security level in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area（Chongqing Section）shows a fluctuating declining trend from 2000 to 2020, with its index dropping to 0.379 in 2020 from 0.411 in 2000, suggesting a growing pressure on its ecological security.The food security index also dropped from 0.363 in 2000 to 0.314 in 2020, indicating food security in an unfavorable status.Among evaluation indicators of ecological security system, farmland per capita and urbanization rate largely impact ecological security, GDP per capita and agricultural/forests/water expenditure play a secondary role.Among evaluation indicators of food security system, GDP of the first industry and gross crops production greatly affect food security, unit farmland pesticide use and unit food farmland consumption are the secondary factors.Their coupling coordination degree between ecological security system and food security system in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area（Chongqing Section） shows a fluctuating decreasing trend from 2000 to 2020, from 0.419 in 2000 to 0.405 in 2020 with the development stages of coupling coordination are grinding-in stage >in confliction state >in coordinated stage.The relative development types of ecological security system and food security system of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area（Chongqing Section） have five categories from 2000 to 2020, low coordination, low grinding-in, high coordination, high confliction, and high grinding-in, and relative development is characterized by ecological security synchronous with, behind or preceding food security.

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SPATIAL CORRELATION NETWORK EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA AREA

WANG Meng, ZHANG Xinlin

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 92-105. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250310.001

Abstract （42）

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To study the spatial correlation network of ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Area, this paper, based on 2010 to 2021 spatial panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta Area, uses Super-EBM model to measure their ecological efficiency from 2010 to 2021, and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Area in 2010, 2015 and 2021, and applies calibrated gravity model to estimate cities' eco-efficiency correlating strength in the Yangtze River Delta Area, not only analyzes the evolution characteristics of the spatial correlation network of eco-efficiency in this area, but also explores the structural characteristics of the correlation network of the whole space and the individual space of eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Area by using social network analysis method.This paper also uses QAP regression analysis to study the factors that affect the spatial correlation network of eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Area.Temporal-spatial evolution of ecological efficiency shows that ecological efficiency value of the Yangtze River Delta Area cities did not reach the effective status in 2010 with a diminishing distribution from margin to inner geographically.It climbs a bit in most cities in 2015, but still leaving a gap to effectiveness, geographically distributing east-high-west-low, north-high-south-low.Ecological efficiency value had commonly been increased in the Yangtze River Delta Area cities in 2021, in terms of space, the cities with high ecological efficiency value are converging to Shanghai and Nanjing.From 2010 to 2021, the spatial correlation intensity of ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Area has been improved to a certain extent, and the spatial correlation network of ecological efficiency has shown a trend of change from non-equilibrium to equilibrium development on the whole, and formed a spatial correlation network pattern with cities in southern Jiangsu as the core.Degree centrality value of southern Jiangsu cities has always been high in 2010 and in 2021, but low in northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu, and southwestern Zhejiang cities.Closeness centrality value centralities of southern and central Jiangsu cities have been high in 2010 and in 2021, but low in northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu and eastern Zhejiang cities.Betweenness centrality value of southern Jiangsu and southern Anhui cities have always been high in 2010 and in 2021, but low in northern and southern Yangtze River Delta cities. Geographic proximity and urbanization positively affect the spatial correlation network of ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Area, but economic development level, technological innovation level play a negative role, and local financial expenditures have no impacts.

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HIDDEN ELECTRICITY TRANSFER IN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA AREA:AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON IOA AND SPA METHODS

ZHAO Weibo, ZHOU Yin, WANG Yang, WEI Yusi, LUO Zhiwei, QIU Min, JI Ling

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 106-117. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250310.003

Abstract （31）

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Aiming at the hidden electricity transfer in industrial sectors in the Yangtze River Delta Area, this paper uses the electrical consumption data in the Yangtze River Delta Area to establish a multiple-regional input-output table in 2017, and applies input-output and structural path analysis methods to study the hidden electricity transfer in provinces and in industrial sectors, and hierarchical path decomposition of the industrial chain of hidden electricity transfer.In 2017, Jiangsu is the major province both receiving and outputting hidden electricity, ranking it at the core in the hidden electricity network in the Yangtze River Delta Area playing a crucial role in allocating and transferring electricity. In 2017, Anhui is the main output province of hidden electricity in the Yangtze River Delta Area，Zhejiang is the input province of hidden electricity in the Yangtze River Delta Area. In 2017, Shanghai is the transfer station of hidden electricity in the Yangtze River Delta Area, and its output and input of hidden electricity are basically equal.In 2017, the most important hidden electricity transfer path between provinces in the Yangtze River Delta Area was from Jiangsu to Zhejiang, with an electrical transfer volume of 3.724 17 billion kW·h，next is from Anhui to Jiangsu, with an electrical transfer volume of 2.285 51 billion kW·h.In 2017, among industrial sectors, construction is the largest hidden electricity consuming sector in the Yangtze River Delta Area with a hidden electrical consumption up to 111.954 billion kW·h, followed by manufacturing with 88.576 billion kW·h.The hidden electrical input-output across the four provinces forms a complementary relation that supports the economy with hidden electricity, and helps their industrial division and cooperation, favorable for driving an industrial synergy among the four provinces in the Yangtze River Delta Area and reducing the economic gaps, and further for boosting regional economic integration.In 2017, the ultimate demand for hidden electricity in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui was gross fixed capital formation, but Shanghai was urban residents' consumption.

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ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION MEASURES AND COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ABANDONED MINES BASED ON A CASE STUDY OF XINGRONG SHALE MINE IN WANGCANG COUNTY

GU Caiyu, YANG Yu, LIU Tao, LONG Yanmei

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 118-124. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250306.007

Abstract （42）

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To explore the ecological restoration measures and comprehensive development of China's abandoned mines, this paper, based on a case study of Xingrong shale mine, in Wangcang county, Guangyuan city, Sichuan province, studies its ecological restoration and comprehensive development.The mine had been ecologically restored in a way of “site harness+slope hazards harness+vegetation” that not only cleared the piled wastes, but also conducted geological hazards prevention on slopes with anchored nesting, beaming and slope draining, and vegetation had also been restored via slope backfilling and hole filling.Now the mine has a restored mine area up to 25.05 hm², basically reaching the restoration objectives.The abandoned brick kiln within the mine had been transformed into an industrial heritage resort with cultural exhibition & innovation, featured foods and entertainments，which not only boosts the growth of industrial heritage tourism, but also drives the picking events in Hongya village's Xianju bayberry industrial park in every June.Its abandoned factory buildings located at mine slope had been converted into 12 bayberry frozen-storage warehouses with an area of 420 square meters.The mine heritage site now has become a comprehensive servicing center of bayberry whole industrial chain with freezing logistics, featured foods, bayberry products exhibition and cultural innovation, which largely powers the growth of Hongya village's bayberry industry.The case of Xingrong shale mine's ecological restoration and comprehensive development which combines industrial heritage tourism with featured agricultural planting forms a localized cultural resort with touring, picking and cultural innovation, and dramatically improves Wangcang county's tourism attraction and reputation as well, a showcase of interaction between ecological construction and economical development.

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MULTIPLE DIMENSIONAL FEATURES QUANTITATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CAPABILITIES OF POWER GRID ENTERPRISES UNDER B/S STRUCTURE

YANG Xuesong, YU Haifeng, XIA Liang, WANG Fei, YAN Ronghua

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 125-134. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250310.002

Abstract （35）

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A combination of B/S structure with quantitative identification of multiple dimensional features can not only effectively quantify multiple dimensional features of environmental protection capabilities of power grid enterprises, but also improve their constituting elements.This paper uses B/S structure to construct a technical framework for power grid enterprises in quantitative identification of environmental protection capabilities and a multiple dimensional features system, and studies the multiple dimensional features quantitative identification method for power grid enterprises' environmental protection capabilities, whose feasibility is validated through a case study of Fujian Power Company. This method can not only clearly show the using status of multiple dimensional features data of power grid enterprises' environmental protection capabilities, but also let users download, rename or delete data, proving that the research method created in this paper can effectively manage multiple dimensional features data of environmental protection capabilities of power grid enterprises.In this paper, fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to construct a multiple dimensional features system of power grid enterprises' environmental protection capabilities.Through multiple dimensional features cluster analysis, it is tested that the system has a good advantage in the comprehensiveness of the definition of the feature indicators of power grid enterprises' environmental protection capabilities, and a good construction effect is obtained.Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used to measure the weights of each feature of the environmental protection capabilities of power grid enterprises.Then, after combining the weight of each feature with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, through the environmental protection capabilities identification unit of the application layer of the power grid enterprises' environmental protection capabilities identification technology framework constructed in this paper, this method can not only divide the quantitative identification level of multiple dimensional features of the environmental protection capabilities of power grid enterprises, but also identify the multiple dimensional features quantitatively.This paper takes State Grid Fujian Power Company as an example to carry out the verification of the B/S feature quantitative identification method created.Its four tier 1 features, environmental protection investing capability, profitability, developing capability and managing capability, reach the premium level by their quantitative scores, suggesting that Fujian Power Company has a high capability in environmental protection, and validating the method's effectiveness and practicability as well.

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VIEWS AND SUGGESTIONS ON USES OF PROVINCIAL EXPLORATION FUNDS IN CHINA

ZHEN Yi

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (2): 135-142. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250311.001

Abstract （37）

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China's provincial geological exploration funds were established by provinces aiming at exploration discoveries with focusing on key minerals and in major metallogenetic zones at their initial exploitation.Since their establishment in 2004, provincial geological exploration funds have been focused on guaranteeing national minerals security, dramatically financially aided geological exploration works on key minerals and in major metallogenetic zones, which plays a critical role in China's exploration discoveries and increasing resources. This paper takes the provincial geological exploration funds in China as the starting point, sorts out and studies its establishment, adjustment, operation, results and benefits.Provincial geological exploration funds greatly promote China's geological exploration, mainly including implementing the national mining work deployment, promoting China's mining industry to achieve fruitful results, attracting social capital to diversify investments in provincial geological exploration funds, playing a guiding role in China's geological exploration, and bearing exploration risks.Some issues also exist pending for improvements, mainly including provincial geological exploration funds have been decreased largely，and disadvantages in the current resources administrative system result in a lagging “commercial following” of geological exploration projects funded by provincial geological exploration funds, thus blocking social capital into geological exploration.China's budget managing ways of geological exploration funds and other factors make profits of provincial geological exploration funds hard to be converted into reinvestments in a short term, constraining the recycling and sustainability of provincial geological exploration funds. Uncertainties in supports, investing sizes and investing modes of provincial financial authorities on provincial geological exploration funds lead to lack of stable fund sources in provincial geological exploration funds.

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OVERVIEWS AND OUTLOOK FOR “RESOURCE CURSE” HYPOTHESIS

KANG Jing

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 1-10. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241107.001

Abstract （365）

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At the initial stage of economic development, abundance of natural resources is normally regarded as a favorable factor for economic growth. However, not all economies can obtain sustainable development by their natural resources. Economies of areas with abundant resources have declined due to their resources, falling into a growth trap. This is so-called “resource curse” hypothesis. To clarify if natural resources are either a “curse” or a “drive” to economic growth, researchers have done lots of work on theories and practices. One prevailing viewpoint is that development of natural resources adversely affects economy through “squeezing” the core elements of economic growth. Some statistical models from different perspectives verify that abundance of natural resources trend to hinder economic growth, leading to issues such as worsening environment, simple industry and uneven distribution. It attracts lots of attentions to the relation among resources, environment and sustainable development. “Resource curse” hypothesis is becoming a research hotspot in development economics and regional economics. This paper overviews the “resource curse” hypothesis, analyzes the research advances from origin, evolution, connotation, theoretical explanation and cases, and finds out that natural resources impact economy not in a simply linear way, but in a non-linear way, which has been widely agreed by researchers. Explanations of controlling variables of “resources curse” are variable, but it is agreed that resource dependence is negative to economy, and the higher dependence, the more subject to “resource curse”. The future research should be focused on endogeneity of key variables, selecting appropriate tool variables, samples and methods to increase robustness of conclusion of “resource curse” hypothesis. This paper presents suggestions on exploring causes and mechanisms of “resource curse” in China and attempting new path to transformation in resource-based areas against “resource curse”

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IMPACTS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY ON PROVINCIAL GREEN WATER RESOURCES USE EFFICIENCY BASED ON SYSTEM GMM MODEL TESTS

ZHANG Jie, ZHAO Xiangyang, PANG Qinghua, ZHANG Chenjun

Resources & Industries 2025, 27 (1): 11-21. DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241015.001

Abstract （147）

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To reveal the relationship between digital economy and green water resources use efficiency, this paper selects the panel data of China's 31 provinces (excluding Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2022 to establish a non-expected output SBM-DEA model which is used to calculate their green water resources use efficiencies, and applies principal component analysis to measure their provincial digital economic levels, and employs GMM model to study their causality. Green water resources use efficiency is significantly positively impacted by digital economy, positively by economic level, financial concentration and marketing level, negatively by manufacturing level. Robustness test based on four methods, explanatory variables remeasurement, tail-shrinking treatment, removal of municipalities, and shortening sample years, suggests that the outstanding levels and polarity of coefficients of key explanatory variables remain unchanged, meaning a robust conclusion that digital economy promotes green water resources use efficiency. Regional heterogeneity test shows that the impacting effect of digital economy is more significant in eastern areas than in western and central areas. Mediating effect test reveals that structural level changes of three industries variably impact green water resources use efficiency, among which structural upgrading of the first and the second industries plays a mediating role in promoting green water resources use efficiency. This paper presents suggestions on securing industrial structural stabilities and applying differentiated digital economic strategies, on boosting infrastructural construction of digital economy and intensifying talents education, and on increasing R&D inputs and applying comprehensive measures to upgrade digital economy. This conclusion is of significance for driving digital economic development, raising green water resources use efficiency and promoting China's high-quality economy.

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