The coal resources are hosted mainly in the lower Carboniferous Ceshui formation, upper Permian Longtan formation, and secondly in lower Permian Liangshan coal-bearing formation, upper Triassic Zijiachong formation, and lower Jurassic Tanglong formation. According to the geology of coal resources, six coal fields are divided in Hunan province.By the end of 2007, the remaining coal resources are 3 154.9 million tons, about 17 years of mining life based on current production capacity. The exploration work is till in a low extent. This paper analyzes the regional geological structures, discusses the hosting features of coal resources, and presents the clues to coal potentials, which is favorable for the rational development and sustainable development of coal resources in Hunan province.