To explore the impact mechanism of heterogeneously environmental regulations on green total factor productivity, this paper uses SBM to estimate the green total factor productivities (GTFP) of “economy-resource-environment-society” in each province, and divides environmental regulation tools into four categories, command-controlling, economy-stimulating, harness-inputting and public-participating, and establishes a spatial Durbin model and threshold effect model to include that heterogeneously environmental regulations impose direct, indirect and spatial overflow effects on green total factor productivity if adjusted by energy consumption structure. Economy-stimulating and public-participating environmental regulations impact GTFP locally and neighboring areas through adjusting energy consumption structure. Command-controlling, economy-stimulating and public-participating environmental regulations impact GFTP through a threshold effect. Under adjustment of energy consumption structure, indirect effect of command-controlling and economy-stimulating environmental regulations on GTFP also through a threshold effect. This paper suggests that governments shall consider the interaction of other energy consumption structures in making environmental regulations, and adopt appropriate regulations and intensity to apply in areas with different energy consumption levels.

“Resource curse” commonly occurs in developing countries that possess abundance of resources. Tanzania is cursed. This paper, based on its mining policy evolution, analyzes its issues and challenges, which helps understand the abundant resources coexisting with poverty. Challenges in its mining first come from the international capital, which leads a flush in mining industry but in vain in contribution to its economy. A social gap is forming, which partially is revealed by the conflicts between mining giants and novices. Behind Tanzania's “resource curse” is its poor mining control and policy making.

Alumina as the second metal after iron is a basic material and strategic ore for economy. China ranks the No.1 in alumina production and consumption, but low in guaranteeing extent in alumina resource/reserve, largely depending upon exporting. This paper, based on the status of China's alumina resources, summarizes the progress in alumina ore exploration, in new discoveries of rare elements and rare earth elements, in deposit genesis from geochemistry, aiming at providing references in bauxite exploration and development.