RE-UNDERSTANDING EXCESSIVE COAL PRODUCING CAPACITY BASED ON MEASUREMENT AND SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF LATENT CLASS RANDOM MARGINALIZATION (LCRM)
Excessive producing capacity of coal industry is wasting resources, harmful to a green, efficient and safe energy system. Utilization rate of producing capacity is a key indicator to mark the excess of producing capacity, measuring it will be helpful to tell the excess degree of coal producing capacity and its developing trend, which provides references for authorities to make producing capacity policies and for coal producers to make market strategies. China ‘s coal resource is heterogeneously distributing with different burying geology, which determines its regional developing difference. The past measurements ignored its impacts on utilization rate of producing rate. This paper uses LCRMA to measure 2001 to 2017 utilization rate of coal producing capacity in China ‘s 24 provinces, classifies coal provinces into 4 groups, abundant type, moderate type, insufficient type and exhausted type in terms of the intrinsic variance of mining conditions, and applies spatial counting model to study their spatial evolution of utilization rate of producing capacity in these four groups. Utilization rate of coal producing capacity shows a rising-falling trend during the study period, average at 0.82, with excessive producing capacity varying with groups. Production in insufficient type and exhausted type is approaching the producing margin, suggesting a limited room to improve their utilization rate of producing capacity. Utilization rate of producing capacity in moderate type is average at 0.63, meaning an excessive producing capacity. Factors impacting utilization rate of producing capacity vary with groups. Economy works adversely, but positively on groups with abundant resources, advanced technologies and most large coal bases, indicating expanded producing capacity induced by economic growth ignores quality. Utilization rate of producing capacity is sensitive to changes of market demands, a growing demand is favorable for improving utilization rate of producing capacity. Spatialβconditional convergence exists in utilization rate of coal producing capacity, suggesting industrial migration helpful to spatially increase utilization rate of producing capacity, contributing to a diminishing regional difference. This paper presents suggestions on enhancing infrastructural construction and research inputs in western and new producing bases, accelerating quit and consolidation of lagging producing capacity in central, exerting the key “survival of fittest” role of market in coal producing capacity, actively directing human and management resources in insufficient and exhausted groups to abundant and moderate types so as to reach a quality development of coal industry.
GIS is commonly used in processing heavy mineral data. This paper combined with professional data processing and GIS 2nd Development in information domain, presents an effective and fast data processing method that GeoTools developed in MapGIS can calculate in batch anomaly points, average, and maximum of heavy mineral anomaly, and help complete classification of anomalies. GeoTools had achieved good results in processing Qinghai and Shanxi’s heavy minerals data in rising efficiency and quality and accuracy, and can be processing data under MapGIS.
China has formed a land survey flow that is based on land classification has the core of internal judgement and external investigation, which efficiently guided the land survey work in China. As economy goes on, however, a higher precision is required for land survey so that the traditional method can not meet the needs. This paper, based on the cores of land survey system, optimizes the land classification system, establishes a quantifying and standardization relation between land attributes and land utilization, which reverts the land survey process to land attributes survey and record process, and presents some suggestions improving the existing land survey system.
Big accidents happening at mines make huge loss to people's lives and properties, lead to kickback, and heavily restrict the mine's development. The safety management in mine enterprises becomes a big issue which catches governmental and social attention. This paper analyzes the root causes of casualty accidents, and establishes the safety culture system to enhance safety management, and presents suggestions in six aspects constructing mine enterprises safety culture, safety consciousness, training, family involvement, accident report, safety investment and safety rewards and punishment system.
This paper, aiming at the sustainable development, uses the eco-footprint model to calculate the eco-footprint during 1985—2005 in Yibin city, and analyzes the eco-footprint safety, with results indicating a big dynamic change in per capital eco-footprint, increasing trend in general, decreasing trend in per capital eco-loads with asymmetric structure (chiefly, plowlands). The per capital eco-deficit fluctuated largely, emerging since 1985, to some extent, becoming severe in 2005. The eco-footprint pressure index displays an increasing trend from 1985 to 2005. The ecological safety becomes continuously decreasing, undergoing safe, less safe, unsafe, and very unsafe stages. Human’s living and production has a bigger and bigger impact over eco-footprint safety. The land demands and supply will become sharp in the future in Yibin city.
The urban cluster in Shandong peninsula as a leading area in economic development in Shandong province is still in the beginning stage of urban cluster development; however, it is one of Chinese vital urban clusters with Qingdao and Ji’nan as two centers, which grows in a form of point to line. This paper, based on the systematism, openness and sustainable development, attempts to establish an urban cluster spatial structural layout for Shandong peninsula in the 21st century with two centers and four axes.
