This paper gives an introduction to land consolidation, discusses the model classification and allocation methods in land consolidation. A variation in land consolidation planning is a normal express for public benefits. This paper analyzes the variation models and the principal factors, studies the relation between the variation and public benefits.Based on case study on Xiaxindian town, Yunmeng county, Hubei province, this paper presents that a variation may be subject to public willingness, public safety, anti-flood safety and national projects, which will cast an influence over regional economy, social benefits and ecological benefits, and lead to a change in project cost.This paper provides a reference for land consolidation planning and management.