This paper uses Pigous externality theory, and selects listed coal companies to analyze the effect of governmental subsidy on their safety investment, with the results showing an encouragement that the more the subsidy, the more safety investment. The scale of enterprise is positive to its safety investment. The bigger the scale is, the more profits the enterprise can obtain, the more money spent on safety programs. Therefore the government shall enhance the subsidy on the safety programs of coal companies, and encourage merge and acquisition of small coal mines by larger ones.

There are many taxation issues of oil-gas resources in China, including a repetitive taxation, a high administrative cost, conflicting taxation bases which exert a big burden to enterprises, a separated management system for enterprises difficult to coordinate, no accordance with the international customs which is unfavorable for foreign investment. This paper presents to adopt the compensation fee of mineral resources into resources taxation and readjust the resources taxation rate.