科技援疆对新疆高新技术产业发展的影响研究

doi:10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20241024.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究科技援疆政策对新疆高新技术产业发展的影响，基于2003—2020年中国西部地区除西藏外的11个省份的面板数据，结合熊彼特创新理论等相关理论和科技援疆政策的主要措施，分析了技术传导、资源配置和产业扶持三大机制在科技援疆政策影响新疆高新技术产业发展中的作用机制，并构建双重差分模型、中介效应模型进行实证分析。研究结果表明：科技援疆政策对其产生了显著的负向效应，反映了科技援疆政策未能有效促进新疆高新技术产业的发展；滞后动态效应检验分析表明，科技援疆政策的实施存在2年的时滞性，使得科技援疆政策对新疆高新技术产业发展的推动作用无法及时显现。进一步的影响机制检验结果表明，1）技术传导机制在科技援疆政策影响高新技术产业发展过程中发挥遮掩效应，该机制在一定程度上深化了疆内外的创新联动和科技合作，但由于新疆企业自主研发能力较弱，难以完全消化吸收引进的高新技术，进而弱化了政策对新疆高新技术产业发展的推动作用；2）资源配置机制在其中发挥负向中介效应，政府的过度干预和不合理的安排会扰乱市场的供需关系，造成创新资源出现错配，最终导致该机制未能有效发挥市场的作用；3）产业扶持机制在其中发挥负向中介效应，由于企业容易过度依赖政府的扶持，导致政策产生“挤出效应”，使企业的投入减少，从而降低了企业的自主创新能力和自我发展能力。基于此，提出以下政策建议：1）构建全方位科技合作互动模式，激发创新合作潜能；2）优化创新服务体系，促进科技成果快速转化；3）完善产业扶持措施，激发创新主体内生动力。

关键词: 科技援疆, 高新技术, 产业发展, 双重差分模型

Abstract: Aiming at the impacts of technically-supporting-Xinjiang on Xinjiang’s high-tech industries, this paper uses western China‘s 11 provinces 2003 to 2020 panel data with exception of Tibet, combined with Schumpeter’s innovation theory and main approaches of technically-supporting-Xinjiang to study their functioning mechanisms in technical conduction, resource allocation and industrial supports, experimentally verified by dual differentiation model and mediating model. The results show a notable negative effect, which means technically-supporting-Xinjiang policy was unable to promote Xinjiang‘s high-tech industries. Lagging dynamic effect tests show a 2-year’s lagging effect disables the promotion of technical-supporting-Xinjiang policy in a timely manner. Impacting mechanism indicates that technical conduction plays a masking role that boosts Xinjiang‘s technical cooperation with supporters to some extent; however, Xinjiang can’t make full use of the imported high tech due to its vulnerability in self-research and development abilities. Resource allocation plays a negative mediating role, governmental over intervention and inappropriate arrangements will mess up the market‘s demand & supply. So do industrial supports, over dependence of enterprises upon governmental supports will lead to a “squeezing effect” that makes enterprises reduce inputs, thus decreasing their self-innovative and developing abilities. This paper presents suggestions on establishing a new and full-scale technical cooperation model to fulfill innovative cooperation potentials, on optimizing innovative servicing to promote a quick transformation of technical achievements, and on improving industrial supports to stimulate the inner drive of innovation.

Key words: technically-supporting-Xinjiang, high-tech, industrial development, dual differentiation model

中图分类号:

F273.1
F204

吴惠文, 吴正平. 科技援疆对新疆高新技术产业发展的影响研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2024, 26(5): 101-113.

WU Huiwen, WU Zhengping. IMPACTS OF TECHNICALLY-SUPPORTING-XINJIANG ON XINJIANG‘S HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES[J]. Resources & Industries, 2024, 26(5): 101-113.

参考文献

陈玛琳, 时朝, 陈俊红, 等, 2018. 精准扶贫下首都农业科技对口支援实践与思考[J]. 北方园艺 (10): 194-199. 〔CHEN M L, SHI C, CHEN J H, et al.，2018. Practice and thinking of matching support for agricultural science and technology in capital under precision poverty alleviation[J]. Northern Horticulture(10): 194-199. 〕

陈瑞, 郑毓煌, 刘文静, 2013. 中介效应分析: 原理、程序、Bootstrap方法及其应用[J]. 营销科学学报, 9(4): 120-135. 〔CHEN R, ZHENG Y H, LIU W J, 2013. Mediation effect analysis: principle, program, Bootstrap method and its application [J]. Journal of Marketing Science, 9(4): 120-135.〕

陈玮冰, 武晋, 2019. 对非基础设施援助与直接投资的传导机制研究: 基于非洲39国面板数据[J]. 上海对外经贸大学学报, 26(4): 38-46. 〔CHEN W B, WU J, 2019. Research on transmission mechanism of infrastructure aid and direct investment to Africa: based on panel data of 39 African countries [J]. Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, 26(4): 38-46.〕

方杰, 温忠麟, 张敏强, 等, 2014. 基于结构方程模型的多重中介效应分析[J]. 心理科学, 37(3): 735-741. 〔FANG J, WEN Z L, ZHANG M Q, et al.，2014. Analysis of multiple mediation effects based on Structural equation model [J]. Psychological Science, 37(3): 735-741. 〕

郭金忠, 付路解, 李慧慧, 等, 2018. 基于DID模型的对口援疆政策总体绩效评价[J]. 新疆社会科学(5): 73-78. 〔GUO J Z, FU L X, LI H H, et al.，2018. The overall performance evaluation of Xinjiang aid policy based on DID model[J]. Xinjiang Social Sciences(5): 73-78. 〕

侯波波, 2012. 科技对口支援的内涵、模式及发展路径的探析[J]. 自然辩证法研究, 28(9): 122-125. 〔HOU B B, 2012. Analysis on the connotation, mode and development path of science and technology matching support[J]. Study of Dialectics of Nature, 8(9): 122-125.〕

季凯文, 罗璐薏, 齐江波, 2023. 新基建赋能高新技术产业的异质性影响研究: 基于空间面板计量模型的实证检验[J]. 管理评论, 5(2): 28-37. 〔JI K W, LUO L Y, QI J B, 2023. Study on the heterogeneity of new infrastructure enabling high-tech industry: an empirical test based on spatial panel econometric model [J]. Management Reviews, 5(2): 28-37.〕

李因才, 2013. 跨国技术援助与国家能力建设[J]. 外交评论(外交学院学报), 30(4): 71-83. 〔LI Y C, 2013. Transnational technical assistance and national capacity-building[J]. Diplomatic Review (Journal of China Foreign Affairs University), 30(4): 71-83. 〕

林冬梅, 郑金贵, 2022. 中国农业技术对外援助可持续发展: 内涵、分析框架与评价[J]. 海南大学学报(人文社会科学版), 40(1): 107-116. 〔LIN D M, ZHENG J G, 2022. Sustainable development of China‘s agricultural technology foreign aid: connotation, analysis framework and evaluation[J]. Journal of Hainan University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 40(1): 107-116.〕

刘凯, 2020. 创新驱动发展的理论逻辑与国际经验[J]. 领导科学 (24): 109-112. 〔LIU K, 2020. Theoretical logic and international experience of innovation-driven development [J]. Leadership Science (24): 109-112.〕

刘瑞明, 赵仁杰, 2015. 西部大开发: 增长驱动还是政策陷阱: 基于PSMDID方法的研究[J]. 中国工业经济 (6): 32-43. 〔LIU R M, ZHAO R J, 2015. The development of the west: growth driver or policy trap: a study based on the PSM-DID method [J]. China’s Industrial Economy (6): 32-43.〕

史丹, 李少林, 2020. 排污权交易制度与能源利用效率: 对地级及以上城市的测度与实证[J]. 中国工业经济 (9): 5-23. 〔SHI D, LI S L, 2020. Emission trading system and energy use efficiency: an empirical study of cities at prefecture level and above [J]. Chinese Industrial Economy (9): 5-23.〕

司增绰, 曹露玉, 2022. 国家高新区设立对高技术产业发展影响实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 43(5): 113-120. 〔SI Z C, CAO L Y, 2022. Empirical study on the influence of the establishment of national high-tech zones on the development of high-tech industries [J]. Scientific Research Management, 43(5): 113-120.〕

王海燕, 郑秀梅, 2017. 创新驱动发展的理论基础、内涵与评价[J]. 中国软科学 (1): 41-49. 〔WANG H Y, ZHENG X M, 2017. Theoretical basis, connotation and evaluation of innovation-driven development [J]. Chinese Soft Science (1): 41-49.〕

温忠麟, 张雷, 侯杰泰, 等, 2004. 中介效应检验程序及其应用[J]. 心理学报 (5): 614-620. 〔WEN Z L, ZHANG L, HOU J Q, et al.，2004. Mediation effect test program and its application [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica (5): 614-620.〕

邬晓霞, 魏后凯, 2009. 国家区域援助政策的理论依据、效果及体系构建[J]. 中国软科学 (7): 94-103. 〔WU X X, WEI H K, 2009. The theoretical basis, effect and system construction of national regional aid policy [J]. Chinese Soft Science (7): 94-103.〕

吴昌南, 钟家福, 2020. 技术引进税收优惠政策提高了产业创新能力吗: 基于《中国鼓励引进技术目录》的准自然实验[J]. 当代财经 (9): 101-113. 〔WU C N, ZHONG J F, 2020. Do preferential tax policies for technology import improve industrial innovation ability: a quasi-natural experiment based on the Catalogue of Encouraging Technology Import in China [J]. Contemporary Finance and Economics (9): 101-113.〕

吴建华, 邹小广, 聂亚茹, 等, 2020. “组团式”援疆对喀什地区医学科研能力的提升效果及对策研究[J]. 中国卫生事业管理, 37(3): 209-212. 〔WU J H, ZOU X G, NIE Y R, et al.，2020. Study on the effect and countermeasures of “group type” aid to Xinjiang to improve the medical scientific research ability in Kashi [J]. Chinese Health Service Management, 37(3): 209-212. 〕

吴正平, 朱桂龙, 2022. 科技援疆战略对新疆创新资源聚集效率的影响[J]. 科技管理研究, 42(20): 20-27. 〔WU Z P, ZHU G L, 2022. The influence of the strategy of science and technology aid to Xinjiang on the efficiency of innovation resource aggregation in Xinjiang [J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 42(20): 20-27.〕

吴正平, 朱桂龙, 付霞, 2021. 科技援疆战略提高了新疆创新能力吗?[J]. 科学学研究, 40(4): 746-757. 〔WU Z P, ZHU G L, FU X, 2021. Has the technology aid strategy improved Xinjiang‘s innovation capacity? [J]. Scientific Research, 40(4): 746-757.〕

薛松, 2018. 高新技术产业发展驱动机制及提升路径研究[J]. 科学管理研究, 36(6): 66-69. 〔XUE S, 2018. Research on driving mechanism and promotion path of high-tech industry [J]. Scientific Management Research, 36(6): 66-69.〕

杨富强, 2011. “对口援疆”政策回顾及反思: 以1997年至2010年间政策实践为例[J]. 西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版) (5): 109-115. 〔YANG F Q, 2011. Review and reflection on the policy of “aid to Xinjiang”: taking the policy practice from 1997 to 2010 as an example[J]. Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) (5): 109-115.〕

杨清可, 段学军, 张伟, 等,2014. 中国高新技术产业发展水平格局演变及影响因素分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 23(12): 1649-1658. 〔YANG Q K, DUAN X J, ZHANG W, et al.，2014. Analysis on the evolution and influencing factors of the development level pattern of high-tech industries in China [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze River Basin, 23(12): 1649-1658.〕

BECK T, LEVINE R, LEVKOV A, 2010. Big bad banks? The winners and losers from bank deregulation in the United States[J]. The Journal of Finance, 65(5): 1637-1667.

GROSSMAN G M, HELPMAN E, 1992. Innovation and growth in the global economy[M]. Cambridge: MIT Press.

HAYES A F, 2013. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach[M]. NewYork: Guilford Press.

[1]	张浩, 张志强, 余圆圆. 不同技术方向的动力电池梯次利用产业发展路径研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2024, 26(5): 154-167.
[2]	李宏勋, 赵惠洁. 基于DID模型的中美贸易摩擦对我国进口美国天然气的影响研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2021, 23(5): 51-60.
[3]	周彦喆. 山西省资源经济转型过程中产业协同发展研究 [J]. 资源与产业, 2018, 20(2): 7-12.
[4]	葛建平，崔湛钜. 基于减贫的资源型地区产业发展研究：以山西省为例[J]. 资源与产业, 2015, 17(3): 1-7.
[5]	陈石义，李乐忠，崔景云，张越，吴晓丹. 煤炭地下气化（UCG）技术现状及产业发展分析[J]. 资源与产业, 2014, 16(5): 129-135.
[6]	张华国，余国合. 新疆煤炭资源产业链的构建与优化[J]. 资源与产业, 2012, 14(2): 93-97.
[7]	陈琳琳, 杨庆媛, 洪辉, 鲁春阳, 龙拥军. 重庆市产业发展与土地利用变化互动关系研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2011, 13(5): 78-84.
[8]	黄向春. 劳动分工与产业集聚的动力机制分析[J]. 资源与产业, 2010, 12(S1): 57-62.
[9]	蔡敏. 中国煤层气产业规制与产业发展[J]. 资源与产业, 2010, 12(4): 91-94.
[10]	范丽丽李晓东. 新疆第三产业发展水平的地区差异分析[J]. 资源与产业, 2009, 11(2): 94-98.