THEORY AND MECHANISM OF CHINA'S CARBON EMISSION RIGHTS ALLOCATION FROM PERSPECTIVE OF COMMON PROSPERITY

doi:10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20250702.010

Abstract

Abstract: “Common prosperity” and “dual carbon” are the ultimate objective of China's quality development. Allocation of carbon emission rights is a crucial way to realize “dual carbon” objective, with the focus being on well handling with the relation between efficiency and equity, consistent with the allocating principle of common prosperity. This paper, based on China's practice, establishes the allocation theory of carbon emission rights for common prosperity through Marxist political economics with three times of allocation mechanism. Resources allocation is the precondition for controlling total carbon emission under the dual constraints of “resources and demands”, the margin of “cutting cake”. Unified equity and efficiency under socialism is the path to imbalanced development, to “cutting cake”, and to allocating carbon emission rights, which needs to be allocated based on a match between relations of production and allocation for common prosperity. Theoretically, carbon efficiency is the mainline throughout the three times of allocation, raising efficiency can promote the balance between costs and gains in reducing carbon emission so as to realize the objective of total volume control. Initial allocation of carbon emission rights is led by government who play a fundamental role with focus on opportunities equity, diminishing regional differences and giving equal development rights to areas. Re-allocation is based on carbon marketization and governmental supervision with focus on process equity, the third allocation is to compensate the unequal carbon emission rights among regions or sectors with focus on result equity. This paper presents suggestions on designing phased allocation schemes of carbon emission rights, deepening reform to advance nationwide unified market construction in accordance with developing changes of domestic productivity and relation of production.

Key words: common prosperity, carbon emission rights, allocation, efficiency and equity

摘要： “共同富裕”和“双碳”目标都是我国高质量发展的最终目的。碳排放权的分配是落实“双碳”目标的重要方式之一，分配的重点在于处理好效率与公平这一对关系，这与共同富裕的分配要遵循效率与公平原则具有共通之处。基于此，论文立足中国实践，从马克思政治经济学的角度构建共同富裕下的碳排放权分配理论，并设计了3次分配机制。论文认为，“资源和需求”双约束下的资源配置是碳排放总量控制的前提，即划定“蛋糕”的边界；社会主义制度下公平、效率的辩证统一，才能解决发展不平衡不充分的问题，才能“分好蛋糕”，才能有效地对碳排放权进行分配；而共同富裕下的碳排放权分配需要在现阶段形成的生产关系和分配关系相适应的基础上进行。在理论基础上，提出碳效率是贯穿3次分配的主线，只有效率提升才能促进减排的成本和效益均衡，进而顺利实现总量控制的目标。碳排放权的初次分配由政府主导，起基础性作用，强调机会公平，要以代际公平、缩小区域差异、给予地区公平的发展权利为前提；再分配主要发挥碳市场作用和政府监督保障作用，强调过程公平；第三次分配主要对现存区域或行业碳排放权分配不均的现象进行补偿，强调结果公平。最后提出要根据国内生产力与生产关系的发展变化，设计阶段性的碳排放权分配方案，深化改革推进全国统一大市场建设等一系列配套措施。

关键词: 共同富裕, 碳排放权, 分配, 效率与公平

CLC Number:

F205
F124.5

CHEN Nan. THEORY AND MECHANISM OF CHINA'S CARBON EMISSION RIGHTS ALLOCATION FROM PERSPECTIVE OF COMMON PROSPERITY[J]. Resources & Industries, 2025, 27(4): 1-12.

陈楠. 共同富裕视角下中国碳排放权分配的理论与机制研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2025, 27(4): 1-12.

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