China is in rapid industrialization and urbanization with a big demand of mineral resources. However, mineral resources are limited and mining activities are unavoidably worsening the environment, which needs innovation in mineral resources management. This paper, based on a case study on Pingdingshan city, analyzes the mineral resources and their management, discusses how to manage the mineral resources in administration, organization, human resources, system optimization, and development, and presents a new concept and new method for mineral resources as a strong support to the sustainable development of society and economy.