The black soil region as a vital crop area plays a key role in guaranteeing Chinese crop safety. Currently, the black soil region is facing some problems such as soil erosion and degeneration which largely affect the production capacity. The problems stem from two factors, natural and human, but the latter one is the major. This paper analyzes the natural causes and human causes, and presents some approaches to the black soil degeneration, as of significance to protect the black soil and enhance crop production.