Quantitative measurement of urban comprehensive resilience is a basic step in marking urban resilience level and leading urban eco-civilization construction. This paper, viewing from dissipative structure theory, selects social, economical, ecological and infrastructural resilience and their 21 sub-categories and uses entropy TOPSIS model to quantitatively measure Beijing's 2016 to 2019 urban comprehensive resilience based on urban giant system entropy. Beijing's 2016 to 2019 urban comprehensive resilience has been rising over time with its average showing a trend of “rising-stabilizing-rising”, resilience index between 0.30 to 0.76. Beijing's top 3 in urban comprehensive resilience index are Chaoyang, Haidian and Xicheng districts, at 0.76, 0.74 and 0.55 respectively. Beijing urban comprehensive level can be divided into five levels, low, relatively low, middle, relatively high and high based on the resilience index, of which low and relatively low are 82% of the total districts, suggesting an overall low resilience level and varying spatially, in a distributing pattern of “north-low, southeast-relatively-high, center-high”. Their resilience levels are impacted by governmental investments and natural resources abundance of advantages and disadvantages, of which Chaoyang and Haidian districts are relatively high, and Chaoyang's infrastructural resilience level is much higher than others, while Mentougou, Fangshan and Huairou districts are of more ecological resilience. This paper presents approaches to urban comprehensive resilience on controlling producing system's internal entropy, increasing inputting system's negative entropy, promoting urban reviving, upgrading infrastructures and ecological construction.

Study on simulation and drives of urban temporal-spatial evolutionary features can offer references in planning urban development and managing land resources. This paper uses urban spatial expansion identification mode, spatial expansion features measuring indicators and PLUS model to study Chongqing's 1980 to 2020 urban expansion mode in its downtown, to analyze its spatial pattern changing features and to forecast the future expanding trend with revealing its drives. During 1980 to 2020, as Chongqing had a slowly rising all-directional expansion differentiation in its downtown area, its urban fragmentation has been worsening with an expansion model of “multiple-directional, multiple extended wings and multiple banded” and a pattern of “west-fast-east-slow, southwest-northeast extension”. Chongqing's downtown had experienced a rising-then-falling trend in its expansion speed and intensity, with its urban expanding direction from inner and marginal filling to exterior and urban morphology from compacting to loose, fragmentated and irregular distribution during the study period. Chongqing's downtown will expand to its vicinity in 2030, slowly, of much differentiated expanding directions, mostly influenced by economy and planning policies. Topography, GDP, distance to waters/roads, and development planning are the major drives in impacting its expanding speed. Limited by geographic conditions, under “multiple-directional, multiple-banded” urban pattern, social economic factors mainly on economy, transportation and policies are the key drives for its downtown's spatial expansion. This paper presents suggestions on fulfilling functions of economic strategy, improving economic cooperation with surrounding cities, boosting investments on infrastructure, reinforcing radiation of center city to upgrade urban internal structure and to lead the regional development. Chongqing shall incorporate eco-environmental protection into the future planning, including ecological protection areas, natural protection areas and farmland protection areas, increase resources use efficiency and plan a coordinated sustainability of city and environment.

This paper, based on principles of systematicness, accessibility and easy operability of indicators selection, selects 19 indicators 
including Mg/Li in mineralization conditions of brine lithium deposits from geology, mining, economics and environmental constraints to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system of brine lithium resource exploration and development, which can offer references for comprehensively evaluating the same kind of lithium deposit exploration and development. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) used to give weights to indicators is applied to evaluate the exploration and development conditions of five brine lithium deposits in Tibet, including Zhabuye saline. The primary factor impacting exploration and development of brine lithium deposits is geology, characterized by their geology, water chemistry and resources occurrence, followed by the secondary factors environmental constraints and economy. Yiliping saline brine lithium resource in Qaidam basin has a highest score in exploration and development, at 87.69, followed by Bieletan district in Qarhan saline at 87.50, then by Zhabuye saline in Tibet at 85.02, Jiangling depression in Jianghan basin at 73.53, and Mahai saline at 56.96. This evaluation which has been validated by its operability and feasibility, reveals the reality of brine lithium deposit exploration and development under the current economic situation, which offers references for brine lithium resources exploration, investment and development and for economic planning. 

As the world speeds up to the carbon neutralization, the key parts NdFeB's strategic significance is increasing, becoming a core domain in the global REE market. Scientific evaluation on global export competitiveness of China's NdFeB entire industrial chain products is key for China to seize the initiative amid the new REE gaming. This paper, viewing from perspective of entire industrial chain, puts Nd products market penetration into trading data by means of constant market share model and revealed comparative advantage, studies their global export competitiveness and global position evolution of 173 kinds of NdFeB products during 1990 to 2021. The overall competitiveness of China's NdFeB entire industrial chain products has been increasingly boosted with improved exported goods and market structures. Export growth mode has shifted to being oriented by competitiveness from jointly by market demands and competitiveness. The middle- to down-stream products in the entire industrial chain are increasingly emerging at their comparative advantages, up to middle to high value chain. Globally, China's NdFeB entire industrial chain products are facing a weakly optimized export structure and a lower global competitiveness of fine products than the major manufacturer giants Japan and European Union,  Nd products' comparative advantages are gradually being replaced by Japan, the end-use products' comparative advantages are slowly being raised with gaps with giant manufacturers. This paper presents suggestions on paying more attention to the fast-falling upper-stream products' conventional advantages, on cultivating global competitiveness of potential fine products, and on enlarging R&D inputs on end-use products to reach a new global competitiveness.

Innovation is the primary force of economy. China has achieved remarkable achievements since the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy. However, the current innovative achievements are focusing on quantity rather than quality with less quality results. In order to produce quality innovative results, to resolve the bottleneck key technologies and to fasten China's quality economy, this paper uses 2011 to 2020 China's A-listed companies as sample to study the impacts and mechanism of enterprises' EGS performance on dual innovation. Their ESG performance can dramatically increase their innovative products, more on their breaking innovation, suggesting ESG can help convert resources into quality innovative products. The mechanism analysis reveals that enterprises' R&D inputs play a mediation role between ESG performance and dual innovation, which is also reinforced by their digital transformation. Heterogeneity suggests ESG performance of developing or declining enterprises plays a stronger role on breaking innovation, compared with maturing enterprises, viewing from enterprises' life circles. ESG performance of developing enterprises on breaking innovation is mainly driven by environmental and social responsibility performance, those declining by social responsibility and internal harness performance. Those developing enterprises should boost their linkages with external stakeholders to acquire more supports, and those declining should focus on their internal harness to improve their internal operations. From enterprises' strategy, cost-oriented enterprises' ESG performance on breaking innovation is stronger than differentiation-oriented ones in innovative intensity, but little difference on progressive innovation. Hence cost-orientated enterprises shall pay attention to ESG construction to promote their quality outputs. This paper presents references for revealing economic aftermath of enterprises' ESG behaviors, optimizing their innovative decisions and for governments to disclose ESG information.

Environmental expenses of fine chemical entities is a general guarantee to environmental pollution, and also a vital approach to entities' green sustainability. Eco-efficiency is an important index for evaluating green development. Study of impacts and mechanism of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency of fine chemical entities is helpful to drive economic growth and reduce pollution, offering supports to entities' quality development. This paper uses SBM-GML model to estimate 2011 to 2021 eco-efficiencies of 55 fine chemical entities in Shangyu industrial park, and analyzes the heterogeneity of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency from timescale, property and sub-industries. A threshold model is established to discuss the mechanism of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency. Fine chemical entities in the park have increased their eco-efficiency by 55.5% from 2011 to 2021, positively driven by environmental expenses, more outstandingly among internal capital and medicine entities during the “12-^th 5-Year-Plan”. Entities have raised their resources utilization efficiency, further promoting the positive pushing of environmental expenses on eco-efficiency. Environmental expenses exert little impacts on eco-efficiency when green technology is above the threshold value, and will largely decrease impacts when environmental expense is 48.8% more than the total cost. This paper presents suggestions for fine chemical entities to improve eco-efficiency and provides supports to make environmental plannings.

The northwestern China is facing an imbalanced resources, environment and economy, which needs to verify if the “resource curse” effects and transmission mechanism exist among resources occurrence, resources industrial dependence and economic development to reach a sustainable development in northwestern “resources-economy-environment”. This paper selects 2006 to 2020 panel data of 30 prefectures in China's northwestern 5 provinces to explore the existence of resources curse, presents a conditional “resources curse” hypothesis that resource dependence has an upside-down U-shaped relation with economy. On the basis of clarification of resource abundance and resource dependence, resource dependence is used as explainable variable to study “resources curse”, and GMM is employed to conduct regression analysis on the benchmark model and transmission mechanism. “Resources curse” exists in northwestern China with its resource dependence having an upside-down U-shaped relationship with economy. Material capital investment plays a negative role on economy, more at its curve inflection point, suggesting it do little on avoiding “resources curse”, and may led to its happening to some degree. Employment growth rate, technical inputs, human capital inputs and infrastructures have little effect on economy and curve inflection point, but governmental intervention plays an outstandingly negative role in economy. Estimation of transmission mechanism doesn't show that “resources curse” in the northwestern China has a strong squeezing effect on manufacturing and foreign trading, possibly due to its local supportive policies and developing stages, but the negative impacts of resources dependence on manufacturing and openness cannot be ignored. This paper presents suggestions on boosting private capital construction to improve the impacts of its unfavorable location, on increasing investment along with attracting talents, and on upgrading industrial structure and industrial internal development.

Reconstruction of coal-electricity entities is a vital approach to the structural issues of “coal-electricity contradiction”. Reconstruction of central enterprises had basically been effective, still with insufficient recognition in coal-electricity sector, which affects execution of policies. This paper studies the reconstruction obstacles of coal-electricity entities from regime, based on general rules of new institutional economics in an order of “coal-electricity contradiction”→“coal-electricity trading”→“property right optimization”→“adjusting prices”, clarifies the relationship between coal-electricity property and energy prices, and focuses on its effectiveness of property right optimized allocation on coal-electricity trading process. Organization theory is employed to analyze the structurally logical relation between coal-electricity contradiction and coal-electricity trading with results showing that source of coal-electricity contradiction comes from unsaved costs amid coal-electricity trading. The root logical relation between coal-electricity trading and coal-electricity property revealed by modern property theory and trading cost theory suggests that optimized allocation of property determine the resources allocating efficiency and organizational efficiency of coal-electricity trading. A gaming model of coal-electricity indicates the negative externality under invalid or fuzzy property, adjustable pricing ways are set under different property allocations. Trading costs have been ignored amid the reconstruction of coal-electricity entities, weakening its effectiveness and the market adjusting capabilities, leading to coal-electricity contradiction. Unclear trading costs result in fuzzy property allocation amid reconstruction of coal-electricity entities, allocation of excessive controlling is simple and straight, which constrains its merging and organizational efficiencies of coal-electricity entities. The fuzzy coal-electricity property allocation contributes to the shifted pricing mechanism. This paper puts forward suggestions on establishing an accounting system of coal-electricity trading cost, optimizing the mixed governing modes and establishing flexible pricing mechanism to mitigate “coal-electricity contradiction”. 

Long-term over mining activities in Yellow River stream have led to severe eco-environmental issues. It is a key mission to promote a quality economy under environmental constraints. This paper, based on case study on 9 Yellow River stream provinces, selects 3 systems mineral resources development, economy and environment and their 7 tier-2 indicators and 28 tier-3 indicators to establish a coupling coordination evaluation system of mineral resources development, economy and environment in Yellow River stream, which is used to evaluate their comprehensive developing levels of the three systems in 9 provinces via their 2011 to 2021 panel data and by means of entropy. A coupling coordination model is constructed to study their coupling coordination among the three sub-systems with ArcGIS used to analyze its evolution in spatial pattern. All 9 provinces gained a rising comprehensive development index during 2011 to 2021 with down-stream higher than middle-stream and followed by the upper-stream, at 60.9%, 51.9% and 59.2% respectively. Province numbers with high coupling index have been increasing during 2011 to 2021 and provinces with low index have been decreasing. Coupling index in the middle- and down-stream is higher than the entire stream. From time scale, some provinces have been above coordinated during 2011 to 2021, some not with imbalanced coupling coordination but steadily forward. Spatially, all nine provinces have been stably rising in their coordinated index with 8 at coordinated, 88.89% of the total, high in east and low in west with polarization across provinces. This research provides theoretical references for Yellow River stream to protect and harness environment and to reach a regional economic coordinated development. This paper presents suggestions on focusing on imbalanced development, on planning, on developing mineral resources and on boosting eco-environment.

China's provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) vary in their economic development，industrial structures，energy consuming modes, which complicates their carbon emission features.To identify their carbon emission drives in different provinces can help reach China's strategy of “dual carbon”. This paper uses Q-type cluster to divide China's 30 provinces into 4 clusters: leading, exploring, reforming and troubling based on GDP per capita and carbon emission intensity，and presented by Beijing, Sichuan, Tianjin and Inner Mongolia respectively.LMDI is used to study their 2000 to 2019 driving factors for increasing carbon emission from economic operations and residents' livings. Beijing，Sichuan，Tianjin and Inner Mongolia's carbon emission shows a rising trend by population effect of economic operations and GDP per capita effect of economic operations, a declining trend by structural effect of economic operations, energy consuming intensity effect of economic operations，energy structural effect of economic operations.Their carbon emission driven by population effect of residents' livings and energy consuming intensity effect of residents' livings displays a rising trend.Beijing and Tianjin's carbon emission shows a declining trend due to urbanization effect of residents' livings, while a rising trend in Sichuan and Inner Mongolia. Carbon emission driven by energy structural effect of residents' livings has been falling in Beijing, Sichuan and Inner Mongolia，but rising in Tianjin.

Bidirectional flowing of urban-rural elements is a key to supporting urban-rural integrated development，which is based on the free bidirectional flowing of the productivity elements.Howeve，China's current urban-rural elements only show a directional flowing from rural to urban, obstacles exist from urban to rural.To further study the obstacles of productivity elements to countryside，this paper，based on a case study on County S's Project J，finds out the major obstacles.There are components unfitting modern agriculture and rural tourism in China's current rural land regime， policies and operation，resulting in obstacles in obtaining agricultural land use and rural construction land use.This paper presents the following suggestions.China should implement shareholding reform on agricultural land use based on land right determination， managing agricultural land in a whole from pieces，a path to scaled agricultural land circulation. China should reform township division to break the administrative obstacles in land circulation.China should reform rural collective operating construction land use by optimizing land-to-market mechanism，which can use rural scattering and idling land as a whole and provide spatial holding places for productivity elements to countryside.China should optimize the geographical layout of collective rural construction land use, fulfilling its functions in concentrating industries, guaranteeing social services and promoting cultural development to combine the major urban downtowns with regional towns.It serves as a path for productivity elements to countryside.

To further study the economic feasibility of green hydrogen energy to replace gray hydrogen energy in China's provinces based on wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation， this paper uses remote sensing to analyze the occurrences of renewable energies in China's geographic grids unit，and calculates China's provinces demand for hydrogen，gray hydrogen producing cost，green hydrogen producing cost，average transporting distance and using cost，which are employed the above data to explore the economic feasibility and volumes of green hydrogen energy to replace gray hydrogen energy in China's provinces and to forecast its outlook.Wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation work well in Inner Mongolia，Xinjiang ，Hebei and other individual northern provinces. In 2022, the cost of using green hydrogen in some regions of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Hebei and other provinces has been lower than the cost of using gray hydrogen China's green hydrogen energy has a total quantity 518.0 to 3 356.2 kt in replacing gray hydrogen in 2022, expected to be rising up to 41 680 to 81 760 kt in 2040 as technology on wind power generation，photovoltaic power generation and electrolyzer is advancing and carbon trading price is rising，even up to 279 000 to 480 000 kt in 2060. In 2040，the demand for hydrogen and the amount of green hydrogen produced in various provinces in China are quite different，green hydrogen production is relatively higher in Inner Mongolia，Xinjiang，Gansu and Qinghai，with a total supply of 13.52 to 34.10 million tons to other provinces，while green hydrogen production is insufficient in Ningxia， Shanxi，Sichuan and Henan，where need a 5.16 to 9.46 million tons to meet their needs.

Evaluation of eco-system's servicing values provides a vital basis for land resources allocation, eco-environmental protection, carbon trading and ecological compensation standard, also one of the hot topics in research academy. Estimation of countywide eco-system's servicing values based on grid is key to countywide quality development.This paper, based on a case study on Deqing county, Huzhou city, Zhejiang province, uses Deqing's 2010, 2015 and 2020 land and economy data, using the method of material quality evaluation and its synergy and trade-off analysis to estimate Deqing's eco-system's servicing values, including their geographic distribution and temporal changes, and analyzes their correlation in Deqing and Deqing's townwide.Deqing's eco-system's servicing values reach to 3.033 7 billion CNY in 2010, 3.590 6 billion CNY in 2015 and 3.880 6 billion CNY in 2020, a rising trend.On their geographic distribution, eco-system's servicing values in the western are higher central and eastern.Temporal changes of eco-system's servicing values in 2010, 2015 and 2020 show a rising trend in Deqing's townwide.Correlation among Deqing's eco-system's servicing values shows a tradeoff relation between supply value and carbon sinking, oxygen releasing, water resources conservation, soil maintaining and organic matters producing, a synergistic relation among carbon sinking, oxygen releasing, water resources conservation, soil maintaining and organic matters producing in most Deqing's townwide.

China's rapidly-growing new urbanization has adversely affected China's regional sustainable development, which has also been challenged by rising global warming and extreme climate events. Study on the coupling coordination between new urbanization and sustainable development has become an imperative task in advancing China's high-quality economic growth. This paper, based on 2003 to 2019 population, economic, social and eco-environmental data of China's provinces, uses comprehensive index of new urbanization and environmental enhanced sustainable development index（ESDI）to establish a coupling coordination model and Gray Forecast Model GM(1, 1), which are applied to study the temporal-spatial evolution of coupling coordination between new urbanization and sustainable development and its developing trend. China's sustainable development largely varies with provinces, quantity of provinces with low ESDI first increased and then fell during 2003 to 2019, while those with high ESDI continuously rose. China's provinces are basically disordered or basically coordinated in their coupling coordination degree, generally showing a changing trend from basically disordered to basically coordinated, leaving most provinces’ new urbanization in lagging or blocked. This paper predicts that from 2020 to 2024, the coupling coordination degree between new urbanization and sustainable development are in basically coordinated in China's 20 provinces, 9 in basically disordered, and only Inner Mongolia in extremely disordered.

This paper uses statistic methods to study the global lithium resources distribution，development and utilization，and the demanding lithium metal led by the new energy industry，and discusses the issues in China's lithium resource exploration，development and utilization，and rationally analyzes the hot market in China's lithium resources.China's lithium battery industry is growing fast， leading to a surging demand for lithium mineral resources，which can not be satisfied by domestic supply，requiring vast imports.In 2021，China's dependence on imported lithium resources has decreased to 65% from the peak at 80% due to a rising domestic lithium resource development，to 55% in 2022，still highly depending on imports. China has advanced a lot in lithium resources exploration during the recent decade， both in theoretical research and in exploration practice，still with gaps in newly-added lithium reserve and exploration breakthrough with foreign mining giants. China's mining lithium has been increasing as lithium carbonate demands and prices are up，with issues in high mining costs and processing technologies.China's spodumene deposits，high grade，small size，limited by their geographic location， are hard to be mined, low in mining utilization.China's lepidolite deposits，large size, easy mining，but low grade and difficult processing.China's saline lithium has vast reserves，impacted by their geographic locations and high MG/Li ratio，leading to a slow rising production.China's private capitals are competing for domestic lithium exploration rights，resulting in overpayment for owning it，up to thousand times of asking price.Owning lithium exploration rights is not the ultimate objective，the owner should invest the exploration，mining and processing to provide lithium carbonate to the market，forming a sound development of industrial and supply chain.It's the essence of owning a lithium exploration right.

To study temporal-spatial evolution of Anhui's urban construction land  use efficiency from perspective of China's high-quality development, this paper establishes an evaluation system which uses Anhui's 2006 to 2020 data and three-phased DEA model to incorporate industrial structural coordination, technical advance coordination and inner-external development coordination into environmental factor, quantitatively analyzes Anhui's urban construction land  use efficiency, temporally and spatially, and studies the projection analysis of inputs/outputs of urban construction land in non-DEA cities. From time scale, Anhui's urban construction land use efficiency has been high during 2006 to 2020, but the upward trend has slowed, with its Malmquist total factor productivity averaging at 1.023, mainly driven by technical advances. Spatially, Anhui's urban construction land use efficiency is high in northwest-southeast city zone (Huaibei-Huainan-Hefei-Tongling) and southwest-northeast zone (Lu'an-Chuzhou), a rough crossing pattern, which will be diffusing externally, taking Huaibei and Huainan cities as the cores in the northern Anhui, and Wuhu and Hefei in the southern Anhui. Redundance analysis indicates that Anhui's urban construction land use efficiency is chiefly impacted by urban industries & green coordinated development. On inputs, the redundant number of employees in urban secondary and tertiary industries is the major factor in constraining Auhui's urban construction land use efficiency. On outputs, irrational industrial structures, insufficient ecological production and inappropriate resource allocation are the key factors.

In order to alleviate the heavy pressure on the international community caused by the contradiction between supply and demand of water, energy and food, research of their nexus is becoming a popular subject globally. This paper, in order to understand the evolution of “water-energy-food” nexus and to provide research references, uses VOSviewer and CiteSpace to study the nexus via Web of Science data and CNKI data from paper quantities, authors cooperation and country cooperation which are visualized.Key words are uses as a focus to study the nexus's developing and changing trend over time. Research on “water-energy-food”nexus had caught lots of attention globally with a rising paper quantities during 2010 to 2022.Nations have close cooperation in research. Highly-frequent key words such as sustainable development, climate change, governance and research model can not only indicate the research is based on sustainability, but also expand its research range, perspectives and methods.Research on “water-energy-food” nexus has shifted from internal mechanism to external environment during 2010 to 2022, its methods also have changed to quantitative simulations from qualitative analysis.Temporal evolution and mutation intensity of key words suggests this research of “water-energy-food” nexus have transformed to deep analysis from preliminary attempts, and new research methods have been widely used.

Energy system entangles with ecosystem with mutual promotion and constraints.Advancement of coordination between carbon emission efficiency of energy consumption and ecological resilience is key to China's “dual carbon” strategy and quality economy.To further study their coupling coordination, this paper establishes an index system of carbon emission of energy consumption and ecological resilience based on China's 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and applies coupling coordination model, spatial autocorrelation model and GM-ARIMA model to study 2004 to 2021 coupling coordination and its temporal-spatial evolution of China's 30 provinces in their carbon emission of energy consumption and ecological resilience, and forecasts their 2022 to 2026 coupling coordination.Their mean value 2004 to 2021 carbon emission efficiency of energy consumption and ecological resilience are less than 0.6 and 0.7, classified four coupling coordination types, basic coordinated, near mis-coordinated, light mis-coordinate, moderate mis-coordinated.From time scale, their coupling coordination during 2004 to 2021 had undergone fluctuated rising, fluctuated falling, continuously falling and stably unchanging trends.Geographically, their coupling coordination has a strong positive spatial auto-correlation with their local spatial concentrating model to be average.Forecast shows that their 2022 to 2026 coupling coordination values of scenario 2 and 3 is higher than scenario 1, suggesting decreasing carbon emission intensity can not only prevent ecological destruction,  but also boost the transformation and upgrade of energy consuming structures.

Abstract: Grouping of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a key path to clean and efficient use of modern coal chemical industry.China's current coal chemical industry has problems in increasing carbon emission intensity and high carbon reducing costs.This paper，based on the current status of China's modern coal chemical industry in production or producing capacity from producing， developing and planning projects，uses carbon dioxide capturing potential model and CCUS sourcing & sinking matching model to study the distribution，carbon emission，and carbon dioxide capturing potential，sourcing and sinking,and entireprocess costs of CCUS projects.China's modern coal chemical industry has formed in a layout of west Inner Mongolia，Shaanxi，Shanxi and Ningxia as the center，Xinjiang and Qinghai as the supplement，and east coast as the extension.Carbon emission of China's modern coal chemical industry shows a directly rising trend if considering the developing and planning projects，up to 263.88 million tons by 2020 from the developing projects， and up to 644.79 million tons from the planning projects.By 2020，carbon dioxide capturing potential of CCUS projects is up to 556.22 million tons annually，of which Inner Mongolia，Shaanxi，Xinjiang and Shanxi seat on the top，up to 148.73，99.88, 80.88 and 40.00 million tons respectively.On the basis of carbon dioxide capturing scales and pipe transporting economy，sourcing and sinking match is found well in Inner Mongolia & Shaanxi to Ordos basin, Shandong to Bohai bay basin, Xinjiang to Ordos and Junggar basin, Jiangsu & Zhejiang to Subei basin.Shaaxi, Shangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are suitable for prioritizing the use of modern coal chemical industry CCUS technology from the entire process costs, carbon capturing potentials and sourcing & sinking match. 

Fine extraction is a practice in coalbed methane management by using extraction data for obtaining a high yield. When extracting coalbed methane on ground, mining coal leads to a decrease in strata energy, and a fast falling in case pressure, which needs fine extraction to secure ground extraction for a stable production. This paper, based on a case study on Xiandao-1 well in Shiquan coal mine, studies its structure, buried depth and strata pressure, and compares its geology with surrounding basin of coalbed methane, analyzes its fracturing features and conducts fine extraction management, providing references for later mass ground extraction. Five steps are planned, setting up objective of daily production up to 400 cubic meters over 30 days, understanding its occurrence and under-pressured features, conducting extraction gas-water evolution characters, planning “balanced water production stage (no gas release), controlling well bottom fluid pressure stage, stably increasing production stage, and declining stage”, controlling well bottom pressure to balance strata pressure and then to determine critical releasing pressure and water point, releasing point, gas releasing point and stably producing point. Emergency measures are also prepared through three groups in managing the process, site group, research group and decision group. A real-time response and linked decision-making strategy bring a daily gas production from 100, 200, 400, 600 and up to 1 041 cubic meters in two months. Fine extraction management is the key means for such an achievement. Mass ground gas extraction requires planning, emergency measures and flowchart, which are vital technical guarantees to ensure a good production.

Manufacturing is a vital basis for entity economy, and is China’s major industry in employment as well. In order to mitigate Jiangsu’s employment issue and to realize an ordered manufacturing, this paper, based on Jiangsu’s 317 thousand companies’ data, estimates their employees in its prefectures, counties and in different sectors, analyzes its spatial distribution, locality variance and sector difference of employment capacity, and applies multiple linear regression model to study the impacts of land ownership, sector features and other factors on manufacturing’s employment capacity. Jiangsu’s manufacturing has a large employment capacity, higher in state-owned land than in collective land. Employment capacity of Jiangsu’s manufacturing varies geographically, in a decreasing trend from south to north, both in state-owned land and collective land. Employment capacity of high-tech and strategic new manufacturing is far above Jiangsu’s average. Manufacturing in state-owned land, of high-tech and of new strategy, as well as taxation, sales income and land capacity, has an outstandingly positive impact on employment capacity, while regional economic development has a little impact. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing manufacturing layout to fulfill resources’ advantages, promoting a rational allocation among capital, labor and technology, playing a leading role of manufacturing in state-owned land, high-tech and new strategic industries, minimizing the gap of manufacturing’s employment capacity on the basis of innovative development strategy.

Yangtze River economic zone, as China’s key strategic zone, is closely related to national development by its ecological restoration and resources use. Jiangsu’s chemical industry, an intensive polluting and resources-depleting industry, needs to properly handle industrial development and resources & environmental protection, which is of significance to protect Yangtze River and realize carbon reduction. This paper establishes a multiple-objective optimization model of chemical industry under dual constraints of carbon reduction and water ecological carrying capacity, and applies NSGA-II-VIKOR algorithm to discuss the way to adjust Jiangsu’s chemical industrial structure. Balanced development scenario, compared with low-carbon, water-saving and economic development scenarios, can save water of 998.48×10⁴  m3 , reduce carbon emission intensity by 4.27%, and make GDP rising rate up to 4.73% on the basis of benchmark year 2017. Water resources are used efficiently and carbon emission is largely reduced, while economy gains high-quality development. Chemical industrial structure needs to be adjusted through developing rubber and plastics, limiting petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, using water-saving and carbon-reducing measures in chemical fiber manufacturing. Optimization of chemical industry needs to promote clean energy and reform energy consuming structure, with coal use down by 5.54% and gas & electricity use up by 5.45%. Water resources allocation should be consistent with industrial structural adjustment, which can save water by 9.8% in petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, and 5.14% in chemical fiber manufacturing, which can be transferred to rubber and plastics sector. This paper presents suggestions on increasing regional ecological carrying capacity to realize high-quality development, establishing clean energy consuming system to raise energy efficiency, developing water-saving industries to materialize a coordinated sustainability in industrial development and water ecology.

As new urbanization rapidly advances, a variety of urban issues begin to emerge, which makes urbanization quality a key point for regional development, marked by a coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment. This paper, based on a case study in Hexi area, Gansu province, uses entropy, coupling coordination model to measure comprehensive developing level and coordination of basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment from 2011 to 2021, and applies obstacle model to study the factors impacting their coupling coordination in Hexi area. Hexi’s sub-systems show a rising trend, and vary with areas. Population urbanization is the fastest and the basic public service is the lowest in increment. Coupling degree of Hexi’s ternary system is larger than 0.900, suggesting a strong interaction and a slowly-rising coupling coordination from low level to medium level. Spatially, coupling coordination from high to low is in the order of Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Wuwei. In the dual system, coordination is the highest in basic public service-eco-environment which promotes a regional development, lowest in basic public service-population urbanization against a regional development. Obstacle factors of ternary system coordination in Hexi’s five cities vary; the top three are social security and employment, urban infrastructure and health care within the basic public services. The ternary system coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment promotes Hexi’s regional economy, but the three are still constraints. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing cities’ positioning, fulfilling resources advantages, boosting infrastructure, intensifying agriculture, developing featured industries and green industries to promote a quality coordinated development in Hexi area.

National Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020), issued in 2016, lists nickel as strategic mineral. China is the largest nickel consumer, but insufficient in nickel resources with high dependence on external supply. Scientific forecast of raw nickel demand is of significance to secure nickel production and supply chains. This paper uses gray correlation to select China’s stainless steel production, GDP per capita, electroplating market scale, urbanization rate, industrial structure, and new energy vehicle production as driving variables to forecast nickel demand under different scenarios from demand side, and combines gray GM(1, 1) model with BP neural network to construct a GM-BP model based on residual minimization, which is used to forecast China’s nickel demand from 2015 to 2035. This compound model is effective in forecasting non-linear sequence data, with the fitting error smaller than GM(1, 1) model. China’s demand for raw nickel is forecasted at 1 822.2 kt in 2025, 2 720.8 kt in 2030 and 3 951.7 kt in 2035 at an annual rising rate of 4.26% in the 14^th  Five-Year Plan, 10.54% in the 15^th  Five-Year Plan and 9.78% in the 16^th  Five-Year Plan. The rising demand trend for raw nickel will lead to a conflict between its supply and demand. China has to raise its supply capacity and decrease dependence on imports. This paper presents suggestions on upgrading stainless steel industry, optimizing processing and producing new alloy materials, and on boosting nickel exploration and development, and on diversifying import sources, and on supporting Chinese investors’ overseas nickel projects.

Energy consumption transformation is necessary in the new developing era. Energy structure transformation based on new energy is an important part in China’s modernization. This paper, in order to study the impact of China’s new energy industries on economy, compiles new energy economy input/output tables of 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2020. To further analyze the inner connection within new energy industries, this paper uses structural decomposition to estimate endogenous multiplier effect, drawback effect and spillover effect of new energy industries. New energy industrial scale has been increasing, with its added value rate at a high level but its impact less than the average, not strong enough to boost economy. New energy industrial sectors have no strong inner correlation, but they have post-direct correlation with all industrial sectors, including manufacturing and construction under indirect depletion. Static decomposition shows that endogenous multiplier effect, drawback effect and spillover effect of new energy industries are all below the average, among which spillover effect is the major source of its increasing output, but falling in 2020, roughly equal to endogenous multiplier effect’s contribution. The further dynamic decomposition suggests that the major source of increased outputs is stimulated by other sectors’ final demand to its sectors’ final demand and to other new sectors’ final demand. Generally, new energy industries have a rising correlation with other industries. New energy industries are at an upgrading stage. This paper presents suggestions on boosting research and development to intensify its leading role in economy, planning its industrial cluster and linking with such industries as manufacturing and construction, giving supportive policies to increase its sensing capacity. 

Asset values materialization of forest carbon sequestration resources plays a key role in obtaining the pilot objective of collective-owned natural resources asset entrust. This paper, based on a framework of situation-proposal-theory-system, studies how to materialize the asset values of forest carbon sequestration resources, providing reference for stakeholders to gain from ownership. Forest storage expansion method and market value method are used to measure the forest carbon sequestration values balance of China’s recent four times of inventorying forest resources with results showing that the balance is huge and has been steadily increasing, which explains the significance of this study. Governmental public data shows that forest carbon sequestration, owning huge values, can be converted into gains only from a small proportion. Forest administrations largely rely on governmental funding. It is vital to create new model to materialize forest carbon sequestration values, to convert balance into asset gains and to realize stakeholders’ benefits. This paper, based on the core connotation of Marxist dialectical materialism, presents a point of “gain system view” that is macroscopic, linking, and developing design. It equally treats natural resources’ economic values and asset gains, from gains to all-sharing objective. Each key step has been linked to materialize the economic values of forest carbon sequestration resource assets. Based on “gain system view”, this paper constructs the theoretical mechanism of forest carbon sequestration resource assets from overall framework, key steps and guarantees, initially forming a theoretical system which is employed to conduct system construction. Gains can be obtained through market, finance and industries, and suggestions on system optimization are given. Guarantees of gains can be through “interactive-complete entrust”, and also through “collective ownership” in distribution system from three distributions among central government, local government, enterprise and all people. Gain budget and use management should be established to make gain distribution institutional, normalized and public. 

Household as the basic social unit is the major consuming entity. Carbon emission responsibilities established on consumption end are helpful to clarify the stakeholder-based dynamic mechanism for carbon reduction.  The present personal carbon management has a lot of issues, with unclear carbon emission boundary, complex personal carbon trading, personal carbon reduction entangling, and lack of stable management system, which can be resolved if household end as the trading base with urban-rural household carbon account being the core. This paper aims at establishing household carbon account framework on the basis of account range, margin, measurable methods and expandable linkage between urban carbon account and personal carbon sink. This paper summarizes the research situation of personal carbon account and household carbon account, and establishes a urban-rural household carbon account system including three sub-accounts of asset, equity and debits, and determines the measure margin, sampling method and calculation of household carbon account based on China’s featured carbon emission management system. Linkage of urban-rural household carbon account to urban carbon account has been further explained, and its methods have also been designed. Relation between urban-rural household carbon account and  individual carbon inclusion is differentiated. Combination of household carbon account with carbon market, “visible hand” carbon quota market with “invisible hand” carbon reduction equity market provides a new path for household consumption end carbon reduction, which may avoid overlapping responsibilities and easily link to China’s carbon management system. Urban-rural household carbon account can be a vital tool for China’s carbon management and carbon reduction, supporting carbon emission quota allocation, carbon reduction and trading, incentive mechanism design for carbon inclusion and mobilization of multi-level nested carbon reduction systems in cities.

Study on carbon emission factors and scenario prediction of Heilongjiang’s industrial sectors is of significance to reach Heilongjiang’s green low-carbon development under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. This paper uses IPCC to estimate Heilongjiang’s historical industrial carbon emission, and applies extended STIRPAT model to determine the six variables from population, economy and technology, square of GDP per capita, population scale, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption, energy consuming efficiency and energy structure, and employes ridge regression to establish a carbon emission factor model by removing the multi-collinearity of independent variables. This paper also studies Heilongjiang’s social and economic reality from economic development, population scale, energy consumption and energy consumption efficiency, and determines the increment of independent variables combined with macroscopic policies, and predicts its 2020 to 2050 Heilongjiang’s appropriate industrial carbon emission under three scenarios, benchmark, low-carbon and highly-energy-consuming. Heilongjiang’s industrial low-carbon development is facing a huge demand for fossil energy and insufficient energy conversion efficient. Among the six factors impacting industrial carbon emission, square of GDP per capita, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption and energy structure promote its industrial carbon emission, of which industrial energy consumption works the most, while population scale and energy consuming efficiency play on the contrast. Heilongjiang’s industrial carbon emission shows an increasing-then-decreasing evolutionary trend under the all three scenarios, varying in peaking time and heights, 71.35 millions tons in 2030 under the low-carbon scenario, 89.97 millions tons in 2035 under the benchmark scenario, and 123.68 millions tons in 2045 under the highly-energy-consuming scenario. This paper presents suggestions on largely adjusting industrial energy use structure, focusing on energy technical conversion and upgrade, and perfecting low-carbon green policies.

This paper innovatively incorporates microorganism in life community of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, combines with regional features and liquor-making industry, and presents the concept of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” through the path of “increasing water-improving atmosphere-protecting soil-preserving microorganisms-maintaining ecosystem balance”. Scientifically establishing “water use and management system” in the source to create Maotai Water Circulation Mode of Chishui River. Systematically maintain biodiversity in the source areas to construct a sound management system. Protect soil resources in the brewing areas and key functioning areas to improve ecological barrier. Boost microorganisms test and research in the core area and strictly control inputs of external microorganisms. Implement microscopic eco-environmental carrying capacity in the core area to prevent environmental pollution and to thoroughly protect “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” ecosystem balance, and to increase ecosystem stability in the producing areas. This paper studies the situation and issues in ecological harness in Maotai’s core brewing areas, presents path and zonation plans, and puts forward 87 detailed restoring projects of 5 categories for the brewing industry and Chishui river’s ecological protection. This paper is a good attempt and practice to the life community of  “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, helpful to construct an eco-environmental flagship in the liquor-making industry, and offers references for high standard protection and quality development of liquor-making industry.

It is a key step to study China’s low-carbon energy consumption structural trend and to measure its spatial imbalance in advancing energy reform and green development. This paper, based on 2003 to 2020 energy consumption panel data of Chinese provinces/cities, uses Theil Index and spatial auto-correlation to study spatial imbalance and dynamic evolution of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure. The low carbon index of China’s energy consumption structure generally shows a rising trend, up 5.862 in 2020 from 5.298 in 2003. The spatial imbalance of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure is weak, in a rising-then-declining trend indicated by Theil Index. Regional low-carbon energy consumption structure variance largely impacts the overall difference. China’s low-carbon energy consumption structure is of obvious spatial positive correlation with spatial concentrating effect, relatively stably in overall spatial pattern, high-high concentrating in Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai, weak-weak in southwest and central China. This paper presents suggestions on constructing regional interest union by mutually cooperation, on advancing industrial structure to stimulate social innovation and market, and on optimizing energy industry structure to push energy consumption transformation.