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    20 June 2021, Volume 23 Issue 3
    SPATIAL OVERFLOW EFFECT OF POPULATION, INDUSTRIES  AND ECONOMIC URBANIZATION ON WATER RESOURCE BENEFITS
    WANG Baoqian, SHEN Longquan
    2021, 23(3):  1-11.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210226.002
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    This paper uses water footprint theory and provincial panel data 2004 to 2018 to evaluate the water resource benefits of Yangtze river economic zone, and applies spatial quantitative model to study the non\|linear impacts and spatial overflow of population, industries and economic urbanization on water resource benefits, with the results showing a rising economic efficiency and contributing rate of water resource in Yangtze river economic zone along with an increasing water resource pressure. Urbanization and water resource benefits show an outstanding spatial concentration. Industries and economic urbanization have a “U\|shaped” relation to economic efficiency of water resource, but an upside\|down “U\|shaped” relation to water resource pressure. Population urbanization acts in a reverse way. Population and industrial urbanization produce an apparent spatial overflow effect on water resource benefits with a threshold. Industrial and economic urbanization has broken through the threshold effect in Yangtze river economic zone, only leaving threshold in partially west for population urbanization. 

    FDI QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND INDUSTRIAL 
    STRUCTURE UPGRADING BASED ON 2008-2018 PANEL DATA 
    OF YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE
     
    YANG Kaijun, CAI Jiajin
    2021, 23(3):  12-20.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210201.002
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    Introduction of FDI is turning to quality from quantity as Yangtze river economic zone is undergoing a green transformation. This paper, based on 2008 to 2018 panel data of 11 provinces / cities in Yangtze river economic zone, uses dynamic panel model and panel threshold model to study their relation among FDI quality, environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading. FDI quality and environmental regulation largely promote the industrial structure upgrading, varying among the down-, 
    middle- and up-stream of the Yangtze river economic zone that the down-stream attracts the quality FDI more, the middle-stream applies a more flexible environmental regulation, and the up-stream is loosing talents. FDI quality and environmental regulation have single thresholds, pollution industries will be migrated to the Yangtze river economic zone when environmental regulation is lower than the threshold value, resulting in pollution shelter effect. Increment of FDI will lead to locked low-end industries if FDI quality is less than the threshold value.
    IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON UPGRADING  INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE IN YUNNAN PROVINCE
    LI Jiang, LIU Chunxue, JIANG Rui
    2021, 23(3):  21-28.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210129.002
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    Environmental regulations play a vital role on upgrading or transforming industrial structure, economic growth and environmental protection. This paper discusses the mechanism of environmental regulations on industrial structure, and uses panel data to establish a counting model to check the impacts of environmental regulations on upgrading industrial structure based on 16 cities in Yunnan province. 
    Yunnan's  environmental regulation intensity has a upside-down “U-shaped” relation with technical innovation, which means technical innovation level can be improved if environmental regulation intensity is less than 6.46, and has a positive “U\|shaped” relation with industrial structure upgrading in which increasing environmental regulation intensity may promote industrial structure upgrading if the environmental regulation intensity continues to increase beyond the inflection point value of 5.20. Consumption structure, investment structure and foreign use level are positive to environmental regulation, but negative to industrial structure upgrading, indicating that environmental regulation can not boost industrial structure upgrading by improving consumption and investment structure. This paper presents suggestions on promoting industrial structure upgrading from increasing environmental regulation intensity, distributing allowance to small and medium-sized companies and enforcement of environmental regulations.
    RELATION AMONG GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORTS, INTERNAL CONTROL AND INNOVATION PERFORMANCES OF RESOURCE COMPANIES
    ZHANG Ruihua, HAN Lihong
    2021, 23(3):  29-37.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210406.001
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    Dependence on natural resources requires resource companies raise their resource use efficiency through innovation at tightening resource and environmental issues. This paper uses Shanghai\| and Shenzhen\|listed resource companies 2013-2017 data to establish a regression model which is employed to study the relation among governmental supports, internal control and innovation performances. Governmental allowance and tax refund are outstandingly positive with innovation performances at 1% level, while internal control is outstandingly positive at 10% level on resource companies with governmental allowance, at 1% level with tax refund. This paper suggests governments continue to support resource companies innovation, especially for those with good internal control. Resource companies shall transform views, fulfil their advantages and improve their internal control to increase their innovation performance in independent development.

    A CASE STUDY ON YANGZHOU CITY: WATER SOURCE ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICING VALUES 
    SUN Fuhua, XIONG Jiali, GAO Xin, et al
    2021, 23(3):  38-49.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210226.001
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    Ecological compensation is a vital mechanism in balancing regional economy and eco\|environmental protection. How to determine compensation standard and how to distribute compensation fund is a hard point. This paper uses eco\|system servicing value, GIS and remote sensing to analyze the changes in land use types and eco-system servicing values of Yangzhou in 2010, 2015 and 2018, which is applied to determine the upper limit of ecological compensation of water receiving area. ECPS is adopted to distribute the compensation fund. Yangzhou's land use structure has changed a lot during 2010 to 2018, with eco-system servicing value dropping to RMB 46 799 million from 55 359 million, 90.38% from water use eco\|system. Water receiving areas shall pay 2 091 million compensation, but the upper payment limit is 1 359 million, indicating an adjusted value by secondary water servicing at 80.02%, core compensation. Compensation funds are to be distributed to Gaoyou (1 013 million), Baoying (508 million), Hanjiang (281 million), Jiangdu (179 million), Yizheng (93 million) and Guangling (17 million) in an decreasing order. This paper presents suggestions on improving water source ecological compensation mechanism from determining compensation targets, setting up supervision and forming multiple compensation.

    RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND OBSTACLE FACTORS OF TOURISM ECONOMY IN SHANDONG PROVINCE
    PANG Dongyan, ZHAO Lin, YU Wei, et al
    2021, 23(3):  50-59.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210223.001
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    This paper uses entropy to measure the resilience of Shandongs tourism economy, discusses its spatial pattern, and applies geographic detector and obstacle model to analyze its factors. The resilience of Shandongs tourism system is generally at a medium level, higher in Jinan, Qingdao, average in Yantai, Weifang, Linyi, Jining, and lower in northwest, southwest and southeast. It shows a “U-shaped” spatial pattern that Qingdao of high resilience and Jinan of relatively high resilience are connecting to southeast and east with medium resilience, the northwest is massively of low resilience. The spatial differentiation is mainly contributed by financial guarantee level (X1), resident consumption capabilities (X4), import & export level (X5). The chief obstacles against resilience are tourism major in university (D1),  tourism economy reconstructing capability (C2), and  tourism economy level (A2).

    NETWORK FEATURES AND MEASUREMENTS OF RISKS IN GREEN CONFLICTS OF MAJOR ENGINEERING PROJECTS BASED ON BI\|MODE NETWORK AND REFEREE VIEWING ANGLE
    ZHANG Changzheng, WANG Weiqian
    2021, 23(3):  60-69.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210511.001
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    Green conflicts are surging among major engineering projects as concept of green development prevails. This paper establishes a bi-mode network of stakeholder\|environmental risk factors from conflicting subjects and behaviors based on their influences, which is used to analyze the network features and key procedures of China's 53 major cases during 2000 to 2018 by means of referee. The results show a conflicting network density at 0.457 1, indicating a strong internal viscosity. Stakeholders like local government, environmental administration, local residents, and media not only display a strongest influence in green conflicting network, but also play a strongest communicating role inward and outward crowd with unblocked communicating channels and strong will in exchanging information. This paper presents suggestions on establishing environmental risk alarming system with resolving key environmental issues and unblocked communicating channels are two first approaches to green conflict. 

    EVOLUTIONAL GAMING RESEARCH OF STAKEHOLDERS BEHAVIOR IN WATER ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PPP PROJECTS
    FU Xiaoling, ZHAI Ziyu
    2021, 23(3):  70-78.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210201.001
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    The gaming behaviors between governments and investors in water environmental governance PPP projects will impact the effectiveness. This paper, aiming at their cooperating mechanism, establishes an evolutional gaming model between government and investors in water environmental governance based on a payment matrix on the basis of government (administrating or not) and investors (cooperative or opportunistic), and discusses their evolutional stability strategy, and reveals the impacts of behaviors on ideal stable strategy (administrating and cooperative). Cases are studied by means of Matlab software. 

    Their evolutional gaming tends to reach win\|win when governments and investors decrease their costs, increase their gains and governments strictly reward or punish the investors. This paper presents suggestions on improving supervision system, optimizing rewarding / punishing mechanism and boosting technical innovation favorable for water environmental governance PPP projects, so as to increase their cooperative benefits. 
    IMPACTS OF COAL MINING ON VEGETATION COVERAGE IN JINCHENG CITY
    ZHAO Yanan, GUO Pengcheng
    2021, 23(3):  79-87.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210310.001
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    Coal mining destroys eco\|environment, affecting the sustainable development in the mining area. This paper, aiming at the impacts of coal mining on vegetation coverage, uses Jincheng's Landsat TM remoting sensing data from 1987 to 2011 and coal mines distribution maps, and applies Flaash in ENVI 5.1 to gain the radiation brightness value from determining radiation, atmosphere calibration, and gain the average vegetation index of DVI, NDVI, PVI from jointing, trimming and wave band operatio. The data of DVI, NDVI and PVI are compared to obtain the changing trend of vegetation coverage in mining and non\|mining areas, where SPSS software is used to study their vegetation coverage variance. Value P of DVI and NDVI in mining and non\|mining areas is 0.048, 0.036, both less than 0.05, indicating vegetation coverage in mining area is obviously less than in non\|mining area, and DVI and NDVI in mining area are less than in non\|mining by 199.103 and 0.070. DVI and NDVI in mining area turned sharply in 2009 with an annual rising rate of vegetation coverage 24%, suggesting the policy of coal consolidation and acquisition improve the ecological environment to some extent.

     A CASE STUDY ON LUOYANG CITY: OPTIMIZATION OF WATER 
    RESOURCE ALLOCATION BASED ON RESIDENT'S EUPHORIA
    SUN Jingsi
    2021, 23(3):  88-94.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210129.001
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     Water resource allocation not only meets resident's production, living and ecological needs, but also increases resident's euphoria. This paper, based on published papers regarding water resource allocation from water volume, macroscopic economy and sustainable development, classifies water resource as living, ecological, agricultural and industrial water uses in accordance with fairness and balance in water resource allocation, and establishes an effective function of water resource allocation in maximizing residents euphoria. A water resource allocation model was constructed based on supply, demand and water quality, which is verified on a case study on Luoyang city. It concludes that the current water resource allocation can not maximize the residents water use if the total water resource keeps unchanged, which can be raised to 3.96 from 2.97 if living, agricultural, industrial and ecological water uses are adjusted to 262 million, 591 million, 442 million and 203 million cubic meters, respectively, suggesting the model of effectiveness in optimizing water resource allocation.

    GOLD MINING OCCUPATIONAL RISK EVALUATION IN RUSSIA BASED ON NEW STANDARD
    Svetlana S. Timofeeva, Irina V. Drozdova, Semen S. Timofeev
    2021, 23(3):  95-101.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210223.002
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    Russia today is in the process of modernizing its legislative system especially in occupational safety and health (OSH), labor protection, industrial safety, and emergency response management. The current legislative system mostly focuses on providing health compensation and medical, social assistance to injured workers while the new one focuses on risk prevention, aiming at raising the safe production level, cultivating a worker safety culture, and protecting workers lives through optimizing the risk management system and operation guidelines. The new standards require companies to incorporate occupational risk evaluation into their management system standards.  This paper, based on a case study of the Bodaibinsky open\|pit gold mine in the Irkutsk region, discusses the modern risk assessment methodology, recognizes the evaluation must start with hazard identification, and catalogues risk sources. In the case study, “risk scoring” and (mathematical) “simulation matrix” methods were used to assess occupational risks. The results show that flying rocks, dust and excessive noise at blasting site are unacceptable risks. Enforcement of safe production regulations (i.e., comply with safety standards and technical requirements, provide workers with protective gears) can lower the risks level from high to an acceptable level. This paper describes in detail the high risk occupation and compiles a risk assessment manual. To improve working conditions is to first eliminate the risk factors affecting drillers and blasters and provide these workers with personal protective equipment(PPE).

    Multidimensional research on the price linkage network of strategic metal minerals
    WEI Hongyu, GAO Xiangyun, JI Tingyu, et al
    2021, 23(3):  102-111.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210309.001
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    Strategic metal minerals of specific material functions are irreplaceable in new energy, information technology, national security and military industry. A price linkage effects may exist among different strategic metal minerals, which possibly alter the operating costs and competitiveness of high-tech industries. This paper, based on case study on ten metals, zirconium, chromium, cobalt, lithium, aluminum, nickel, antimony, copper, tungsten and tin, uses a complex network method to establish a multidimensional price linkage network according to the Granger causality test of the relationship between the mineral prices, the measurement of Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and the linkage of ups and downs. The result shows the network is of good connectivity and agglomeration, suggesting their price changes alter each other promptly. A similarity in agglomeration coefficient exists in the multidimensional price linkage network although their analyzing perspectives are different. Tins price can directly influence the other metals, rapidly. The linked price changes of the other metals in the network are mostly based on chromium. A strong agglomeration exists in sub\|group of tin, copper, antimony and aluminum during the process of price linkage, of which tin and copper are more stable and strongest in agglomeration.