产业绿色转型升级与就业结构优化的互动关系

doi:10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20230714.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在推进质量强国建设背景下，如何兼顾产业绿色发展与就业结构优化的关系，发挥人力资源配置在提高产业全要素生产率中的作用，已成为实现高质量发展的重要议题。基于江苏省13个地级市2011—2020年产业投入产出数据和就业数据，对江苏省产业绿色转型升级、就业结构变化进行分析，并运用PVAR模型研究产业绿色全要素生产率变化、就业结构高级化和合理化之间的互动关系。研究结果表明：1）江苏省产业绿色转型升级提质明显，但增效乏力，受技术进步驱动，产业绿色全要素生产率年均增长0.74%，但技术效率年均降低0.33%，投入要素的增长显著高于全要素生产率，产业仍未摆脱“粗放型”生产模式，技术效率的改善是各地市进一步促进产业绿色转型升级的关键因素。2）江苏省就业结构高级化和合理化趋势明显，但多数地市处于就业结构高级化和合理化不同步或双低状态，就业结构优化与产业绿色转型升级不对等，限制了产业技术效率的改善。3）产业绿色转型升级对就业结构具有短期破坏和长期倒逼优化双重作用，而就业结构优化对产业绿色转型升级无显著影响，但就业结构合理化对促进产业绿色转型升级具有潜力，贡献度达18.2%。短期就业结构高级化抑制合理化，而合理化促进高级化，二者长期发展不一致。4）产业绿色转型升级对自身贡献度达80.5%，但其对就业结构高级化和合理化的贡献度较低，分别为11.2%和8%，而就业结构高级化和合理化间的相互贡献度更高，就业结构高级化对合理化的贡献度高达58.2%。建议放大就业结构主动调整的正向效应，促进就业结构合理化，减小产业绿色转型升级对就业结构破坏和劳动力被动转移的影响，避免就业结构的“唯高级化”造成的不合理化，实现由就业结构优化推进产业升级将是经济发展提质增效的可持续路径。

关键词: 产业绿色全要素生产率, 就业结构高级化, 就业结构合理化, PVAR模型, 江苏省

Abstract:

To leverage the relation of green development with employment structural optimization and to fulfill functions of human resources allocation in increasing industrial total elements productivity have become a critical topic for economic quality development under the strategy of quality-to-power. This paper, based on 2011 to 2020 input/output and employment data of Jiangsu ‘s 13 prefectures, studies their green transformation/upgrading and employment structural changes, and uses PVAR model to analyze the interaction among productivity changes of green industrial total elements, employment structural advancing and rationalization. Jiangsu ‘s industrial green transformation & upgrading has made great progress, with a lack of rising power, at an annual growth rate at 0.74%, technical efficiency declining by 0.33% due to constraints by technical advances. Growth of input elements is outstandingly higher than the total elements productivity, suggesting industries still in an extensive state. Improving technical efficiency is the key factor for industries to promote industrial green transformation & upgrading. Jiangsu ‘s employment structural advancing and rationalization has a clear developing trend, but most prefectures are not at the same pace or both low. Imbalanced employment structural optimization and industrial green transformation & upgrading limits advancing technical efficiency. Industrial green transformation & upgrading plays a dual roles on employment structure, short-term destruction and long-term optimization, little on industrial green transformation & upgrading, but employment structural rationalization is of potential to boost industrial green transformation & upgrading at a contribution rate of 18.2%. Short-term employment structural advancing constrains rationalization, but the latter promotes the former, both at different pacing rates. Industrial green transformation & upgrading has a contribution rate at 80.5% to itself, lower rate to employment structural advancing and rationalization, at 11.2% and 8%, respectively. The mutual contribution rates between employment structural advancing and rationalization is much higher, up to 58.2%of employment structural advancing on rationalization. This paper presents suggestions actively adjusting employment structure to promote its rationalization and to reduce the impacts of industrial green transformation & upgrading on destroying employment structure and transferring labor passively, avoiding non-rationalization by “advancing-oriented” employment structure, and reaching employment structural optimization to boost industrial upgrading which is a sustainable path for economic development.

Key words:

industrial green total elements productivity, employment structural advancing, employment structural rationalization, PVAR mode, Jiangsu Province

中图分类号:

F062.9

杨秉臻. 产业绿色转型升级与就业结构优化的互动关系[J]. 资源与产业, 2023, 25(6): 53-63.

YANG Bingzhen.

INTERACTION BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL GREEN TRANSFORMATION & UPGRADING AND EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION [J]. Resources & Industries, 2023, 25(6): 53-63.

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