水生态文明城市建设试点影响工业水资源绿色效率吗？

doi:10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20240429.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水生态文明城市建设试点是生态文明建设的重要举措，对我国经济高质量发展意义重大。将水生态文明城市建设试点作为一项准自然实验，选取2006—2021年248个城市的面板数据，建立渐进双重差分模型，探究该项试点如何影响工业水资源绿色效率，并通过中介效应三步法检验影响机制，同时将样本分组进行区域、经济发展和工业基础异质性分析。结果显示：1）水生态文明城市建设试点能够显著提升城市工业水资源绿色效率，通过了平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验、替换测算模型、倾向得分匹配等稳健性检验；2）产业结构升级影响机制的中介效应占总效应比重为12.17%，绿色技术创新占总效应比重为45.43%，说明产业结构升级和绿色技术创新是该项试点影响工业水资源绿色效率的两个重要作用机制；3）水生态文明城市建设试点的影响存在异质性，相较于中西部地区、经济发展水平较低城市和老工业基地城市而言，该项试点对工业水资源绿色效率的提升效应在东部地区、经济发展水平较高城市和非老工业基地城市更显著。针对以上结论，提出如下建议：1）继续推进水生态文明城市建设试点；2）统筹规划产业结构，持续提高绿色创新能力；3）因地制宜构建水生态文明建设方案。

关键词: 工业水资源绿色效率, 水生态文明城市建设试点, 产业结构升级, 绿色技术创新

Abstract: Water ecological civilization urban construction pilot (WECCP) is a key way to ecological civilization construction, meaningful to China's quality economic development. This paper, taking WECCP as a quasi-natural experiment, selects 2006 to 2021 panel data of China's 248 cities to establish a progressive DID model, which is used to study how the pilot impacts industrial water resources green efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis of region, economy and industrial basis is carried out by grouped samples via mediating effect's three-stepped mechanism. WECCP can dramatically increase industrial water resources green efficiency by passing robustness tests such as parallel trend test, placebo test, replacement measurement model and PSM. Mediating effect of impacting mechanism of industrial structural upgrading is 12.17% of the total effects, and green technical innovation is 45.43%, suggesting industrial structural upgrading and green technical innovation can largely impact WECCP as two vital mechanisms. Heterogeneity exists in the impacts of WECCP, which plays a more outstanding role in improving industrial water resources green efficiency in eastern China with higher economic level and non-old industrial bases than in central-western China with low economic level and old industrial bases. This paper presents suggestions on continuing WECCP, planning industrial structure and raising green innovative capabilities and appropriately constructing water ecological civilization plans.

Key words: industrial water resources green efficiency, WECCP;industrial structural upgrading, green technical innovation

中图分类号:

F290

张兵, 余一辰, 邹晨. 水生态文明城市建设试点影响工业水资源绿色效率吗？[J]. 资源与产业, 2024, 26(4): 62-74.

ZHANG Bing, YU Yichen, ZOU Chen. DOES WATER ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION URBAN CONSTRUCTION PILOT IMPACT GREEN EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL WATER RESOURCES?[J]. Resources & Industries, 2024, 26(4): 62-74.

参考文献

丁焕峰, 孙小哲, 王露, 2021. 创新型城市试点改善了城市环境吗?[J]. 产业经济研究（2）: 101-113.〔DING H F, SUN X Z, WANG L, 2021. Has the innovative cities pilot project improved the urban environment?[J]. Industrial Economics Research(2): 101-113.〕

干春晖, 郑若谷, 余典范, 2011. 中国产业结构变迁对经济增长和波动的影响[J]. 经济研究, 46（5）: 4-16, 31.〔GAN C H, ZHENG R G, YU D F, 2011. An empirical study on the effects of industrial structure on economic growth and fluctuations in China[J]. Economic Research Journal, 46(5): 4-16, 31.〕

高智林, 武咸云, 2024. 财务弹性政策对企业绿色技术创新的影响研究[J]. 科研管理, 45（1）: 181-192.〔GAO Z L, WU X Y, 2024. Research on the impact of financial flexibility policy and the green technological innovation of enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 45(1): 181-192.〕

郭炳南, 唐利, 张浩, 2022. 中国八大综合经济区水资源利用效率的区域差异及影响因素研究[J]. 生态经济, 38（1）: 153-161.〔GUO B N, TANG L, ZHANG H, 2022. Regional differences and influencing factors of water resources utilization efficiency in eight comprehensive economic zones of China[J]. Ecological Economy, 38(1): 153-161.〕

何凌云, 祁晓凤, 2022. 环境规制与绿色全要素生产率: 来自中国工业企业的证据[J]. 经济学动态（6）: 97-114.〔HE L Y, QI X F, 2022. Environmental regulation and green total factor productivity: evidence from Chinese industrial enterprises[J]. Economic Perspectives(6): 97-114.〕

胡森林, 鲍涵, 郝均, 等, 2022. 环境规制对长三角城市绿色发展的影响: 基于技术创新的作用路径分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 37（6）: 1572-1585.〔HU S L, BAO H, HAO J, et al., 2022. Research on the impact of environmental regulation on urban green development in the Yangtze River Delta: an analysis of intermediary mechanism based on technological innovation[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 37(6): 1572-1585.〕

金晓雨, 2018. 环境规制与国内污染转移: 基于“十一五”COD排放控制计划的考察[J]. 产业经济研究（6）: 115-125.〔JIN X Y, 2018. Environmental regulation and domestic pollution transfer: empirical study based on COD emission control plan in 11th Five-Year Plan[J]. Industrial Economics Research(6): 115-125.〕

李德山, 苟晨阳, 2021. 环境规制对西部地区水资源利用效率的影响研究: 基于产业部门和资源依赖度异质性视角[J]. 地理科学, 41（12）: 2203-2212.〔LI D S, GOU C Y, 2021. The impact of environmental regulation on water resource utilization efficiency in the western China based on the heterogeneity of industrial sectors and resource dependence perspectives[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 41(12): 2203-2212.〕

林婷, 2022. 清洁生产环境规制与企业环境绩效: 基于工业企业污染排放数据的实证检验[J]. 北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）, 24（3）: 43-55.〔LIN T, 2022. Cleaner production environment regulation and enterprise environment performance: an empirical test based on pollution discharge data of industrial enterprises[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology( Social Sciences Edition), 24(3): 43-55.〕

林毅夫, 蔡嘉瑶, 夏俊杰, 2023. 比较优势产业政策与企业减排: 基于新结构经济学视角[J]. 改革（5）: 1-17.〔LIN Y F, CAI J Y, XIA J J, 2023. Industrial development policy with comparative advantages and firm pollution reduction: based on the perspective of new structural economics[J]. Reform(5): 1-17.〕

刘海英, 郭文琪, 2022. 碳排放权交易政策试点与能源环境效率: 来自中国287个地级市的实证检验[J]. 西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）, 42（5）: 72-86.〔LIU H Y, GUO W Q, 2022. Carbon emission trading policy pilot and energy-environmental efficiency: an empirical study of 287 prefecture-level cities in China[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University(Social Sciences), 42(5): 72-86.〕

马海良, 丁元卿, 王蕾, 2017. 绿色水资源利用效率的测度和收敛性分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 32（3）: 406-417.〔MA H L, DING Y Q, WANG L, 2017. Measurement and convergence analysis of green water utilization efficiency[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 32(3): 406-417.〕

任俊霖, 李浩, 伍新木, 等, 2016. 基于主成分分析法的长江经济带省会城市水生态文明评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 25（10）: 1537-1544.〔REN J L, LI H, WU X M, et al., 2016. Assessment of 11 provincial capitals' water ecological civilization of the Yangtze river economic belt on the principal component[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 25(10): 1537-1544.〕

邵帅, 刘丽雯, 2023. 中国水污染治理的政策效果评估: 来自水生态文明城市建设试点的证据[J]. 改革（2）: 75-92.〔SHAO S, LIU L W, 2023. Evaluating the effect of water pollution governance policy in China: evidence from the water ecological civilization city construction pilot[J]. Reform(2): 75-92.〕

宋弘, 孙雅洁, 陈登科, 2019. 政府空气污染治理效应评估: 来自中国“低碳城市”建设的经验研究[J]. 管理世界, 35（6）: 95-108, 195.〔SONG H, SUN Y J, CHEN D K, 2019. Assessment for the effect of government air pollution control policy: empirical evidence from “low-carbon city” construction in China[J]. Journal of Management World, 35(6): 95-108, 195.〕

汪伦焰, 袁杰, 李娜, 等, 2016. 基于物元可拓模型的水生态文明城市建设评价: 以许昌市为例[J]. 人民长江, 47（18）: 18-21.〔WANG L Y, YUAN J, LI N, et al., 2016. Evaluation of water ecological civilization city construction based on matter-element extension evaluation model: case of Xuchang city[J]. Yangtze River, 47(18): 18-21.〕

王丽萍, 夏文静, 2019. 中国污染产业强度划分与区际转移路径[J]. 经济地理, 39（3）: 152-161.〔WANG L P, XIA W J, 2019. Interregional transfer path of pollution industry in China[J]. Economic Geography, 39(3): 152-161.〕

温忠麟, 叶宝娟, 2014. 中介效应分析: 方法和模型发展[J]. 心理科学进展, 22（5）: 731-745.〔WEN Z L, YE B J, 2014. Analyses of mediating effects: the development of methods and models[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 22(5): 731-745.〕

许晶荣, 黄德春, 方隽敏, 2021. 中国区域全要素水资源利用效率及其影响[J]. 河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）, 23（6）: 77-84, 111-112.〔XU J R, HUANG D C, FANG J M, 2021. Regional total factor water resources utilization efficiency and its influencing factors in China[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 23(6): 77-84, 111-112.〕

薛飞, 陈煦, 2022. 绿色财政政策的碳减排效应: 来自“节能减排财政政策综合示范城市”的证据[J]. 财经研究, 48（7）: 79-93.〔XUE F, CHEN X, 2022. The carbon emission reduction effect of green fiscal policy: evidence from the “national comprehensive demonstration city of energy saving and emission reduction fiscal policy”[J]. Journal of Finance and Economics, 48(7): 79-93.〕

杨永德, 王孟, 2016. 长江流域水生态文明城市建设实践与思考[J]. 人民长江, 47（10）: 10-14.〔YANG Y D, WANG M, 2016. Practice and reflection of water ecological civilization construction in Yangtze Basin[J]. Yangtze River, 47(10): 10-14.〕

袁嘉琪, 卜伟, 唐雨妮, 2023. 环境规制、要素配置对工业绿色全要素生产率的影响: 产出补偿还是创新补偿[J]. 管理评论, 35（10）: 45-62.〔YUAN J Q, BU W, TANG Y N, 2023. The influence of environmental regulation and factor allocation on industrial green total factor productivity: output compensation or innovation compensation[J]. Management Review, 35(10): 45-62.〕

岳立, 雷燕燕, 2022. 黄河流域绿色水资源效率空间关联网络构建及其演化因素[J]. 西北师大学报（社会科学版）, 59（2）: 62-74.〔YUE L, LEI Y Y, 2022. Construction of spatially linked network of green water resources efficiency in the Yellow River Basin and its evolutionary factors[J]. Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences), 59(2): 62-74.〕

岳立, 任婉瑜, 姚小强, 2021. 黄河流域城市绿色水资源效率时空变化及其影响因素: 基于河流生态水文分区的视角[J]. 工业技术经济, 40（10）: 15-22.〔YUE L, REN W Y, YAO X Q, 2021. Spatiotemporal change of urban green water resources efficiency and its influencing factors in the Yellow River Basin: based on the perspective of river eco hydrological regionalization[J]. Journal of Industrial Technology and Economy, 40(10): 15-22.〕

岳宇君, 马艺璇, 2023. 数字经济发展与区域环境质量改善: 来自省级面板数据的证据[J]. 中国环境管理, 15（6）: 94-104.〔YUE Y J, MA Y X, 2023. Digital economy development and regional environmental quality improvement: evidence from provincial panel data[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 15(6): 94-104.〕

张兵兵, 周君婷, 闫志俊, 2021. 低碳城市试点政策与全要素能源效率提升: 来自三批次试点政策实施的准自然实验[J]. 经济评论（5）: 32-49.〔ZHANG B B, ZHOU J T, YAN Z J, 2021. Low-carbon city pilot policies and total factor energy efficiency improvement: quasi-natural experiment from the implementation of three batches of pilot policies[J]. Economic Review(5): 32-49.〕

张峰, 薛惠锋, 2021. 基于绿色发展的工业全要素水资源效率时空特征[J]. 资源科学, 43（5）: 964-973.〔ZHANG F, XUE H F, 2021. Spatiotemporal characteristics of industrial total factor water resource efficiency based on green development[J]. Resources Science, 43(5): 964-973.〕

张军, 吴桂英, 张吉鹏, 2004. 中国省际物质资本存量估算: 1952—2000[J]. 经济研究（10）: 35-44.〔ZHANG J, WU G Y, ZHANG J P, 2004. The estimation of China's provincial capital stock: 1952—2000[J]. Economic Research Journal(10): 35-44.〕

张黎鸣, 王红瑞, 潘成忠, 等, 2021. 资源型地区产业结构调整对水资源利用效率影响的实证分析: 来自中国10个资源型省份的经验证据[J]. 北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 57（3）: 353-362.〔ZHANG L M, WANG H R, PAN C Z, et al., 2021. Empirical analysis on the influence of industrial structure adjustment on water resource utilization efficiency in resource-based regions: empirical evidence from 10 resource-based provinces in China[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science), 57(3): 353-362.〕

张林, 安瑶, 喻筱珺, 等, 2023. 城市工业环境治理和企业效益: 源头预防和末端治理的宏微观影响[J]. 管理评论, 35（8）: 31-42.〔ZHANG L, AN Y, YU X J, et al., 2023. Industrial environmental mitigation and corporate performance in cities: macro and micro evidence of adjustment to industrial structure and end-of-pile control[J]. Management Review, 35(8): 31-42.〕

张卓群, 姚鸣奇, 张晓慧, 2023. 水生态文明城市建设试点对水生态韧性的影响研究[J]. 城市问题（10）: 45-53.〔ZHANG Z Q, YAO M Q, ZHANG X H, 2023. Analysis of the impacts and mechanisms of the pilot project of water ecological civilization city construction on water ecological resilience[J]. Urban Problems(10): 45-53.〕

BECK T, LEVINE R, LEVKOV A, 2010. Big bad banks?: the winners and losers from bank deregulation in the United States[J]. The Journal of Finance, 65(5): 1637-1667.

CHENG J H, YI J H, DAI S, et al., 2019. Can low-carbon city construction facilitate green growth?: evidence from China's pilot low-carbon city initiative[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 231: 1158-1170.

LI P, LU Y, WANG J, 2016. Does flattening government improve economic performance?: evidence from China[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 123: 18-37.

PORTER M E, VAN DER LINDE C, 1995. Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4): 97-118.

TIAN P, WU H Q, YANG T T, et al., 2021. Evaluation of urban water ecology civilization: a case study of three urban agglomerations in the Yangtze river economic belt, China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 123: 107351.

YANG Q Y, GAO D, SONG D Y, et al., 2021. Environmental regulation, pollution reduction and green innovation: the case of the Chinese water ecological civilization city pilot policy[J]. Economic Systems, 45(4): 100911.

ZHANG M, LIU Y M, WU J, et al., 2018. Index system of urban resource and environment carrying capacity based on ecological civilization[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 68: 90-97.

ZHANG Y Z, WANG T, REN C T, et al., 2023. Heterogeneous impacts and spillover effects of green innovation network and environmental regulation on water use efficiency: a spatiotemporal perspective from 269 cities in China[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 90: 104361.

ZHAO X, SHANG Y P, SONG M L, 2020. Industrial structure distortion and urban ecological efficiency from the perspective of green entrepreneurial ecosystems[J]. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 72: 100757.

[1]	袁汝华, 王雅平, 贾葵源. 基于CiteSpace的国内外企业绿色技术创新研究可视分析 [J]. 资源与产业, 2024, 26(2): 151-163.
[2]	杨恺钧, 曹安琪, 方慈慧. 新能源汽车产业集聚对区域绿色经济效率的影响——基于长江经济带的实证研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2024, 26(1): 35-49.
[3]	张长征, 孙潇怡. 绿色金融能提升绿色经济发展效率吗？[J]. 资源与产业, 2023, 25(5): 72-85.
[4]	仇蕾, 马蓓文, 周钦, 程常高. 环境规制对重污染企业投资偏好的影响——基于我国A股上市公司的经验证据[J]. 资源与产业, 2023, 25(3): 92-106.
[5]	黄子琦, 刘清泉. 长江经济带产业协同集聚对绿色技术创新的影响机制——基于税收竞争的中介效应 [J]. 资源与产业, 2023, 25(2): 23-36.
[6]	高枝欣, 许纪校. 重污染企业社会责任、高管激励与绿色技术创新[J]. 资源与产业, 2023, 25(2): 88-100.
[7]	韦庆明, 赵欣欣, 冯馨, 张苗苗. 环境规制、绿色创新与产业结构升级——基于省际面板数据的空间杜宾模型分析[J]. 资源与产业, 2022, 24(6): 54-63.
[8]	陈书伟, 韩丽. 政府创新补贴促进了企业绿色技术创新水平吗？——基于信号传递的视角[J]. 资源与产业, 2022, 24(5): 98-107.
[9]	王保乾, 李昕燃. 基于水足迹与SBM-Malmquist模型的长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率的研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2022, 24(3): 21-31.
[10]	杨恺钧, 蔡嘉晋. FDI质量、环境规制与产业结构升级的关系——基于2008—2018年长江经济带11省市的面板数据[J]. 资源与产业, 2021, 23(3): 12-20.
[11]	李江, 刘春学, 蒋睿. 环境规制对云南省产业结构升级的影响[J]. 资源与产业, 2021, 23(3): 21-28.
[12]	朱智洺, 马哲. 国际技术溢出对我国绿色技术创新的影响研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2021, 23(2): 48-60.
[13]	张在旭, 黄卓琳. 中国省际绿色技术创新效率测度及影响因素研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2020, 22(6): 1-8.
[14]	童纪新，刘文卿. 区域绿色工业企业技术创新效率空间效应研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2019, 21(2): 45-53.
[15]	马骏，胡博文. 东部沿海地区环境污染与产业结构升级的关系——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线假说的检验[J]. 资源与产业, 2019, 21( 1): 39-44.