Table of Content

20 December 2021, Volume 23 Issue 6

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OPTIMIZATION AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CHINA'S RARE EARTH INDUSTRY POLICIES

XIE Chang

2021, 23(6):  1-12.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.002

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Research on the optimal mining and taxation types of rare earth elements is of great significance to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, reduce environmental pollution in the process of mining, and solve the plight of immiserizing growth. This paper, based on Hotelling model, provides a framework for China's rare earth market and establishes a numerical simulation of the best time profiles of the quantity supplied and the prices in illustrating the impacts of rare earth price changes and environmental pollution on the optimized mining output and price path. Market data is used to simulate the future rare earth supply and prices and to compare efficiencies of different taxation systems. Given a fixed China's rare earth resource and a stably growing demand, the optimized mining tonnages is set to 130 000 t/a and 190 000 RBM per ton at future price. China's quota production is close to the optimized tonnages, but the price largely falls behind. The optimized tonnage is set to 220 000 t/a if the environmental governance is the only factor to consider, rather than the new market demand, cost in environmental governance will climb to 10 billion RMB per year and declines. The higher environmental pollution severity by rare earth mining and production, the longer to self-recover, so the optimized tonnages need to be reduced to extend serving life of rare earth resource.

ESTIMATION OF INDUSTRIAL GRAY WATER FOOTPRINTS IN YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE BASED ON INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE

SONG Min, SHI Kaijie, MA Yanxia, LI Ang

2021, 23(6):  13-22.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.007

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Water eco-environmental problems in Yangtze River economic zone attract more and more public attention. Gray water footprint as a marker to pollution degree is largely accepted. Estimation of industrial gray water footprints in Yangtze River economic zone is key to reach a quality economic development. This paper uses provincial input-output tables in Yangtze River economic zone in 2002, 2007 and 2012 to compile gray water footprint input-output table of Yangtze River economic zone, and estimates their gray water emission coefficients and footprints on imported industries. During 2002 to 2012, their direct, indirect and complete gray water emission coefficients in 16 industries are declining, and 12 are falling in complete gray water footprint while four rising which include food & tobacco industry, wood and furniture manufacturing, petrochemical industry and construction because of their expanding sizes, directly in construction and indirectly in the other 3 industries.

INTERACTION BETWEEN COASTAL PORTS AND REGIONAL ECONOMY IN LIAONING PROVINCE

ZHOU Baogang, YANG Bo, LI Ge

2021, 23(6):  23-30.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.009

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This paper selects cargo throughput in Liaoning's coastal ports as indicator of port development, and regional GDP and comprehensive employment as regional economy indictor to establish a vector auto regression (VAR) model taking port development as independent variable and regional economy as dependent variable, and uses Granger causality test and Impulse analysis to study their interaction between two variables. Results show a continuously stable balance between ports and economic growth, with port throughput as Granger genesis of regional GDP and comprehensive employment, meaning port throughput as a leading indicator for economic growth. Port throughput keeps same pace with growing economy so that coastal ports are becoming a substantial basis for hinterland economy. This paper presents suggestions on intensifying infrastructural construction, expanding port industrial size, consolidating port resources, optimizing commercial environment, adjusting Liaoning's industrial structure, advancing industrial transformation, and materializing sustainable development of economy to ensure a sound interaction between ports and cities in Liaoning province.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF COAL RESOURCE CAPITALIZATION BASED ON AGGLOMERATIVE SUB-GROUPING 

ZHU Xueyi

2021, 23(6):  31-37.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.003

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China needs theoretical guidelines when converting to a high quality developing stage. This paper establishes a theoretical framework of high quality development of coal resource capitalization by using ROSTCM 6 and UCINET softwares and agglomerative sub-grouping analysis with focusing on two key contents of coal resource capitalization and quality development. The theory of coal resource capitalization high quality development is composed of conceptual basis theory and branch theory, a framework system of agglomerative sub-grouping with the core of capitalization. It's quality theory of coal resource capitalization management includes conceptual basis theory, capitalized saving theory, capitalized environmental theory; capitalized harmonious symbiosis, capitalized ecological industry theory, and capitalized recycling development theory. This paper, innovatively, first uses agglomerative sub-grouping to construct a theoretical framework which can reveal their inner connection of such six theoretical systems on coal resource capitalization high quality development with a strong logicality, much meaningful for practicing coal resource capitalization management.

ECOLOGICAL RISK TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND SCENARIO PREDICTION OF HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT BASED ON BAYESIAN NETWORK AND SHARED SOCIOECONOMIC PATHWAY

LIU Dan, HUANG Shanqing, YANG Yang, et al

2021, 23(6):  38-51.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210915.002

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Hydropower is the key renewable energy to reach China‘s carbon peak, but it faces large ecological risks. Where is the southwestern China going in the future as the biggest hydropower developing area? Development of hydropower in the southwestern China relates not only to a quality economic growth, but also to the objective of "developing while protecting, protecting while developing" in Yangtze River stream, and even to China’s strategic carbon peak. This paper, aiming at the ecological risk evaluation in hydropower development, establishes a Bayesian network analysis framework in evaluating ecological risks in hydropower development, and studies its risk transmission mechanism from conditional probability. An entropy evaluation model is set up combined with shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios to forecast the hydropower demand in the southwestern during 2018 to 2030 based on 2017 as a benchmark year. Spatial and scenario differentiation of ecological risks during hydropower development are studied from city and stream perspectives. The risks are positively related to hydropower amounts, will be at a middle to high risk level during 2018 to 2030, which may be under control if sustainable development policies are in place. Hydropower development risks vary with cities and streams, which requires appropriate sustainable development policies. 

VISUALIZED COMPARISON OF DOMESTIC & OVERSEAS GREEN INNOVATION RESEARCH BASED ON CITESAPCE DATA

SUN Tingting, FAN Chuanhao

2021, 23(6):  52-63.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210916.001

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This paper, in order to grasp the research status, hotpots, context and variance regarding green innovation research, uses CiteSpace V to visualize 2342 papers on green innovation research in SSCI and CNKI 2004 to 2019 with results showing that paper counts are rising, but domestic paper counts and cited frequency much less than overseas with both showing similarity and heterogeneity in research methods and contents. On evolution process, there are 8 topics on clustering evolution domestically and 11 overseas, different in their occurring time and attention, more counts and broader topics overseas than domestic. Hotpots are concentrating on sustainable development in both with domestic focusing on strategy and some specific domain and overseas on climate change, industrial ecology and Chinese green innovation. As for the future trend, Chinese researchers pay much attention on green innovation efficiency variance geographically and industrially and their factors, while foreign researchers on impacts of dynamic capacity on green innovation capacity and green products. This paper presents suggestions on supporting Chinese researchers' higher level and innovative research methods and on boosting comparison among different nations. 

DOES TOURISM INDUSTRY REVITALIZE THE ECONOMY OF RESOURCE\|EXHAUSTED CITIES?

ZHANG Dapeng, NIE Yazhen, WANG Qiaoqiao, et al

2021, 23(6):  64-70.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.006

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Vast quantities of cases show that tourism has become a vital pathway for resource-exhausted cities in their economic transformation, but their correlation needs further study. Effects of tourism in revitalizing the economy of resource-exhausted cities has not been objectively evaluated. This paper uses panel data of China's 24 resource-exhausted cities during 2004 to 2016 to verify if the tourism revitalizes the economy of resource-exhausted cities. Three threshold values in tourism level in energizing their economy are 0.019, 0.026 and 0.031, suggesting the tourism indeed revitalizes the economy, but its marginal contribution rate may decline as tourism develops up to a higher industrial level, so that its push will be exhausted, or even produces new "Dutch disease" that constrains sustainable development of economy. This paper presents suggestions fulfilling its linked effects of tourism industry, pushing tourism industry to promote manufacturing, and boosting a coordinated development of tourism with other industries.

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL COUPLING BETWEEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YELLOW RIVER 

ZHENG Juhua, LIU Yafan

2021, 23(6):  71-78.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.004

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This paper establishes an evaluation index system of economic development and atmospheric environment, and uses entropy and coupling coordination model and spatial auto-correlation to study spatial\|temporal coupling between economic development and atmospheric environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, with results showing a rising trend of comprehensive developing index between economic development and atmospheric environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River temporally, coupling at low-level converting to antagonistic stage, and coordination at near to preliminary. Geographically, their coordination decreases southwestward, and focuses on provincial capitals without fully exposing spatial outflowing. This correlates closely with atmospheric environment due to the mobility of discharged pollution. This paper presents suggestions for governments taking appropriate measures across administrative boundaries to push a regional coordinated development.

IMPACTS OF FDI AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON ENERGY UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY ALONG THE “BELT AND ROAD” PROVINCES

QIAN Min, JIN Xiaoli

2021, 23(6):  79-85.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.001

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This paper uses provincial panel data 2013 to 2018 along the "Belt and Road" to reconstruct a dynamic panel co-correlation estimation model (DCCE) that is applied to study their relation among FDI, environmental regulations and energy utilization efficiency along the "Belt and Road". FDI can decrease the local energy intensity through technical overflow to improve energy utilization efficiency. Environmental regulations playing a vital adjusting role between FDI and energy utilization efficiency has been testified in the model. Improvement in FDI and environmental regulations levels improves energy utilization efficiency. FDI may constrain energy utilization efficiency when environmental regulation intensity is less than the threshold value 4.295, boosts over than 4.295. This paper presents suggestions for China using foreign investment to develop green economy, conducting differentiated environmental regulation intensities and appropriate levels, establishing cooperative exchange to minimize regional variances in energy utilization efficiency.

COUPLING RULES OF LAND USE AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN URUMQI CITY BASED ON GIS

LI Xuewei, WANG Zhiqiang

2021, 23(6):  86-94.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210915.001

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Land utilization efficiency impacts the changes in ecological environment, and ecological environment threshold value can constrain land utilization intensity and direction. This paper, aiming at their coordination between land utilization and ecological environment in Urumqi city, selects indictor data and vector maps of 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 to spatially analyze land utilization via ArcGIS, and applies land utilization dynamic model to study land utilization in farmland, forest, grassland, water and construction. An index system is established appropriate for Urumqi city to study their coupling between land utilization and ecological environment in Urumqi by means of entropy and coupling coordination model. The results show that Urumqi's land utilization-ecological environment system had experienced five stages, medium off-coordinated, barely coupling, preliminary coupling, moderate coupling and finally a well coupling stage. In 2008, ecological environment indictor is 0.7955, lagging behind land utilization indictor, suggesting under a higher ecologically environmental pressure. Ecological recovery capacity and ecological governance level are only 0.1529 and 0.2725, far below the ecologically environmental pressure at 0.37. This paper provides approaches to regional economic development from land utilization level and ecologically environmental protection.

TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EVOLUTION AND FACTORS OF NETWORK ATTENTION OF GUANGZHOU CHIMELONG

ZHANG Lijuan, LIAO Zhenjie

2021, 23(6):  95-105.  DOI: 10.13776/j.cnki.resourcesindustries.20210909.008

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This paper uses Guangzhou Chimelong's network attention data of China's 31 provinces (cites) during 2015 to 2019 by using statistical and economically geographical methods and Baidu Index to study its temporal-spatial evolution based on five indicators, seasonal concentration index, variance coefficient, Herfinahl-Hirschman index, primacy index and geographical convergence index. The results show that China pays a rising network attention on Chimelong with a seasonal variance at seasonal concentration index being 1.991 1, 1.138 9, 1.954 3, 1.324 3 and 1.842 2 for the years 2012 to 2019. Provincial network attention has variance coefficient is 0.8, primacy index close to 3 with a higher convergence. Across the whole China, variance coefficients from the western, central, eastern is 0.349 3, 0.361 7, 0.332 8, 0.381 2 and 0.384 3, at a geographical convergence index above 60, implying a big but slowly rising difference. In the central and western, primacy index is 1, Herfinahl-Hirschman index is near to 0, and geographical convergence index lies between 31 to 38, meaning a balanced spatial structure, while in the eastern, the primacy index close to 3, geographical convergence index between 37 to 40, suggesting a higher convergence and a relatively-unbalanced spatial structure. Its temporal-spatial variance of network attention on Chimelong is a comprehensive aftermath of economy, population, network development and geographical distance with correlation coefficients at 0.693, 0.607 and 0.479 with the former three and -0.577 with the last one.