Abstract:

Deposit system is one of effective ways for miners to implement ecological compensation in mines, applicable worldwide. The USA as one of the early nations to establish deposit systems has accumulated much experiences in mine environment protection and rehabilitation. This paper applies comparison method to analyze the governmental functional transfer, compensatory deposit system, and imposition forms. Governmental polices regarding deposit system can encourage enterprise’s inner environmental responsibilities, more workable than controls. This paper analyzes the development situation of rehabilitation deposit in newly-established mines and offers references from USA, and presents four pieces of suggestions.

Key words: mineral resources, environmental deposit, rehabilitation, joint fund, compensatory deposit

摘要：

保证金制度是保证矿业主履行矿产资源生态补偿的有效途径之一，已经得到世界范围的认可和实践。美国是最早建立保证金体系的国家之一，在矿山环境保护和修复治理制度中积累了丰富的实践经验。本文主要采用比较分析法，通过剖析美国矿山修复治理保证金体系中政府职能的转变、补充保证金制度的建立、保证金的征收形式演变等，获得启示。通过保证金体系的政策设计，激励企业内在的环境责任将是比约束机制更能发挥效用的管理手段。本文同时也分析我国新建的矿山修复治理保证金体系的发展现状和特点，并借鉴从美国保证金体系获得的启示，提出4点发展建议。

关键词: 矿产资源, 环境保证金, 修复治理, 联营基金, 补充保证金