Overviews over references reveal that defects are existing in traditional industrial deviation E coefficient, Theil Index and Shift-Share model. Defects in E coefficient and Theil Index are in calculating principles, and those in Shift-Share model are in rationality of selecting reference system and feasibility of data collection. This paper presents an improved model that is used to study China’s 2012 to 2021 industrial deviation via cases. It concludes that China’s industrial deviation is diminishing. According to the corrected model and combined with the current global environment, this paper suggests that the first industry rely on scientific innovation to promote rural labors’ orderly migration between urban and rural areas and to materialize agricultural scale and modernization, that the second industry needs to be upgraded to reach and maintain an independent and complete industrial system, to inputs more in basic research to outbreak western technical blockage, that the third industry be focusing on financing and scientific education, increasing Hongkong, Shanghai and Beijing’s positions in world financing center, using financial innovation to avoid unfavorable constraints and impacts from global financing system, practicing the strategy for invigorating the country through science and education and exploring educational modes appropriate China’s situation from primary school to university stages.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND VARIATIONS IN ENERGY STRUCTURE ADJUSTMENT UNDER CARBON NEUTRALITY TARGET IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA REGION
The 20th Report presented an objective of carbon peaking and neutralization. Energy structural adjustment is a vital means to reach carbon neutralization. This paper, based on their symbiosis of carbon emission and economic growth, incorporates economic quality development into carbon neutralization objective. In terms of their 2017 inputs/outputs of three province and one city in Yangtze River delta, this paper establishes a regional macro- and microscopic SAM table and CGE model, and sets up a macroscopic economic closed system, which are used to study the impacts and variance of energy structural adjustment on Yangtze River delta’s economy. As energy structural transformation advances, its economic impacts vary. In Jiangsu province, when clean energy has been replaced at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, the economic impacts of multiple indicators gain a biggest loss at 5%, loss at 10% less than at 5% and 15%. Economic dependance on fossil fuels varies with location, less in Anhui and Shanghai, then Jiangsu, and Zhejiang receives the biggest impacts. Economic impacts waves as energy structural adjustment moves forward. When Jiangsu’s clean energy is replaced at 10%, economic impacts of most indicators from agricultural, manufacturing, servicing, GDP and governmental income are less than when clean energy is replaced at 5% and at 15%. Energy structural adjustment is a critical approach to carbon neutralization in Yangtze River delta and even nationwide.
This paper incorporates industrial agglomeration, green technical innovation and green economic efficiency to study the impact of new energy vehicle industrial agglomeration on green economic efficiency in Yangtze River economic zone, aiming at offering references for China to reach strategic objectives of manufacturing power and to develop new energy vehicles in Yangtze River economic zone under the dual-carbon settings. This paper, based on 11 provinces/cities’ 2012 to 2020 panel data along Yangtze River economic zone, uses super-efficiency SBM and locality entropy to establish a measuring model, which is employed to study impacts of new energy vehicle industrial agglomeration on green economic efficiency. And discusses mediating effects of green technical innovation. The spatial overflowing effects and regional heterogeneity of new-energy vehicle industrial agglomeration on green economic efficiency also were analyzed. The entire Yangtze River economic zone has become a zoned new energy vehicle industrial agglomeration area, with its agglomerating level fluctuating up over years, and increasing from down- to upper-stream with growing variance. New energy vehicle industrial agglomeration promotes the green economic efficiency in Yangtze River economic zone through consolidating internal network resources and boosting external entire capabilities. Development of industrial agglomeration promotes green technical innovation through competition and cooperation, and development of green technical innovation can also boost economic drives and efficiency, proving its mediation between industrial agglomeration and green economic efficiency. New energy vehicle industrial agglomeration has spatial overflowing on green economic efficiency, varying among upper-, middle- and down-stream. This paper presents suggestions on enhancing industrial clustering construction to play a role in the long-term mechanism of new energy vehicle industry, boosting green technical innovation system and advancing regional heterogeneity of new energy vehicle.
This paper, aiming at promoting a coordinated development of water works tourism in Yellow River stream, uses gravity center standard deviation ellipse, kernel density and exploring spatial data analysis method to study the temporal-spatial evolution of water works resorts in 2009, 2014, and 2021 in Yellow River stream, and combines “point-axis” theory with central function index and gravity model to define the development nodes, axis and plates in water works tourism. Development of water works resorts in Yellow River stream has 3 stages. Resorts are spreading along E-W and S-N with gravity center shifting to southwest. Their distributing density shows scattering in the upper-stream and concentrating in the middle- and down-stream, high density concentrating areas are located along banks of Yellow River, Weihe River, Fenhe River and Qinhe River. Their spatial distribution generally displays a strongly positive correlation, “high-high” concentrating in Shandong province, “low-low” in Hehuang valley and partial Gansu province. Hotspots in Yellow River stream remain unchanged, while the cold spots are concentrating toward the upper-stream, and the sub-hotspots migrating to the northwestern middle-stream. Spatial structure after being optimized is composed of three levels of water works tourism development nodes, two levels of development axes and five development domains. This paper presents suggestions on differentiating domain variance, optimizing spatial pattern of water works tourism from construction status, water resources, geographic characteristics and social-cultural environment. And improving transportation, consolidating water works tourism, boosting radiation of node cities.
TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EFFECTS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY ON HIGH-QUALITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON GTWR MODEL
SPATIAL IMBALANCE AND DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF CHINA’S LOW-CARBON ENERGY CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE
It is a key step to study China’s low-carbon energy consumption structural trend and to measure its spatial imbalance in advancing energy reform and green development. This paper, based on 2003 to 2020 energy consumption panel data of Chinese provinces/cities, uses Theil Index and spatial auto-correlation to study spatial imbalance and dynamic evolution of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure. The low carbon index of China’s energy consumption structure generally shows a rising trend, up 5.862 in 2020 from 5.298 in 2003. The spatial imbalance of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure is weak, in a rising-then-declining trend indicated by Theil Index. Regional low-carbon energy consumption structure variance largely impacts the overall difference. China’s low-carbon energy consumption structure is of obvious spatial positive correlation with spatial concentrating effect, relatively stably in overall spatial pattern, high-high concentrating in Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai, weak-weak in southwest and central China. This paper presents suggestions on constructing regional interest union by mutually cooperation, on advancing industrial structure to stimulate social innovation and market, and on optimizing energy industry structure to push energy consumption transformation.
To explore the causes of eco-footprint dynamic changes from perspective of economic development, this paper measures the developing path of the per capita ecological footprint from 2002 to 2014 in Lanzhou, a loess plateau valley city, uses ARIMA model to forecast its ecological footprint changing trend from 2015 to 2020. The per capita ecological footprint is rising from 2.70 hm2 in 2002 to 4.25 hm2 in 2014, increase of 1.57 times. And the rising rate of the per capita ecological footprint reaches to 4.04%, 7.84% lower than its GDP’s growing rate 11.88%, suggesting Lanzhou’s economic development speed is higher than speed of resources and environmental consumption. The per capita ecological footprint of Lanzhou from 2015 to 2020 still shows a rising trend, forecasted to reach up to 4.48 hm2, 4.61 hm2, 4.75 hm2, 4.89 hm2, 5.02 hm2 and 5.17 hm2, with an enlarging ecological deficit. Lanzhou’s gross ecological footprint is 19.59 times of the total area of urban land use, indicating a strong correlation between economic growth and ecological demands,indicating the inflection point of Environmental Kuznets curve doesn’t take place, implying a unsustainable status. This paper presents a path to decreasing Lanzhou’s ecological footprint from adjusting industrial structure, decreasing ecological deficit to promote economic quality and sustainable capacity, advancing green development, and constructing an ecological network of ecological diversity, appropriate layout, full-functional integration of natural ecosystems and rural-urban union to increase eco-environmental capacity.
Study on carbon emission factors and scenario prediction of Heilongjiang’s industrial sectors is of significance to reach Heilongjiang’s green low-carbon development under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. This paper uses IPCC to estimate Heilongjiang’s historical industrial carbon emission, and applies extended STIRPAT model to determine the six variables from population, economy and technology, square of GDP per capita, population scale, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption, energy consuming efficiency and energy structure, and employes ridge regression to establish a carbon emission factor model by removing the multi-collinearity of independent variables. This paper also studies Heilongjiang’s social and economic reality from economic development, population scale, energy consumption and energy consumption efficiency, and determines the increment of independent variables combined with macroscopic policies, and predicts its 2020 to 2050 Heilongjiang’s appropriate industrial carbon emission under three scenarios, benchmark, low-carbon and highly-energy-consuming. Heilongjiang’s industrial low-carbon development is facing a huge demand for fossil energy and insufficient energy conversion efficient. Among the six factors impacting industrial carbon emission, square of GDP per capita, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption and energy structure promote its industrial carbon emission, of which industrial energy consumption works the most, while population scale and energy consuming efficiency play on the contrast. Heilongjiang’s industrial carbon emission shows an increasing-then-decreasing evolutionary trend under the all three scenarios, varying in peaking time and heights, 71.35 millions tons in 2030 under the low-carbon scenario, 89.97 millions tons in 2035 under the benchmark scenario, and 123.68 millions tons in 2045 under the highly-energy-consuming scenario. This paper presents suggestions on largely adjusting industrial energy use structure, focusing on energy technical conversion and upgrade, and perfecting low-carbon green policies.
Hidden carbon emission in cross-provincial trade has vital impacts on regional gross carbon emission and coordinated development, a key factor needed to be considered when planning carbon trade and reaching “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutralization” objectives. This paper uses multiple regional input/output model on hidden carbon in cross-provincial trade and China’s 2012 and 2017 input/output data to study the temporal-spatial changes of hidden carbon emission of Shanxi cross-provincial trade, and employes carbon-transferring-responsibility-sharing to estimate Shanxi’s responsibilities in hidden carbon emission amid its cross-provincial trade, and applies structural method to analyze the factors impacting hidden carbon emission changes in Shanxi’s cross-provincial trade. Shanxi’s net-transferred-in hidden carbon emission has increased by 12.490 kt during 2012 to 2017, while its net-transferred-in provinces numbers dropped to 25 from 28. Those having less net-transferred-out are concentrating in northwestern and southwestern China. Structural analysis suggests scaling effect be the leading factor increasing transferred-in and -out of Shanxi’s hidden carbon emission. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing Shanxi’s hidden carbon emission policies of its cross-provincial trade.
CONSTRUCTION OF COMPUTABLE RURAL-URBAN HOUSEHOLD CARBON ACCOUNT FRAMEWORK NESTED IN URBAN CARBON ACCOUNT
Household as the basic social unit is the major consuming entity. Carbon emission responsibilities established on consumption end are helpful to clarify the stakeholder-based dynamic mechanism for carbon reduction. The present personal carbon management has a lot of issues, with unclear carbon emission boundary, complex personal carbon trading, personal carbon reduction entangling, and lack of stable management system, which can be resolved if household end as the trading base with urban-rural household carbon account being the core. This paper aims at establishing household carbon account framework on the basis of account range, margin, measurable methods and expandable linkage between urban carbon account and personal carbon sink. This paper summarizes the research situation of personal carbon account and household carbon account, and establishes a urban-rural household carbon account system including three sub-accounts of asset, equity and debits, and determines the measure margin, sampling method and calculation of household carbon account based on China’s featured carbon emission management system. Linkage of urban-rural household carbon account to urban carbon account has been further explained, and its methods have also been designed. Relation between urban-rural household carbon account and individual carbon inclusion is differentiated. Combination of household carbon account with carbon market, “visible hand” carbon quota market with “invisible hand” carbon reduction equity market provides a new path for household consumption end carbon reduction, which may avoid overlapping responsibilities and easily link to China’s carbon management system. Urban-rural household carbon account can be a vital tool for China’s carbon management and carbon reduction, supporting carbon emission quota allocation, carbon reduction and trading, incentive mechanism design for carbon inclusion and mobilization of multi-level nested carbon reduction systems in cities.
ASSET VALUES MATERIALIZATION MECHANISM OF FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESOURCES FROM PERSPECTIVE OF GAINS
Asset values materialization of forest carbon sequestration resources plays a key role in obtaining the pilot objective of collective-owned natural resources asset entrust. This paper, based on a framework of situation-proposal-theory-system, studies how to materialize the asset values of forest carbon sequestration resources, providing reference for stakeholders to gain from ownership. Forest storage expansion method and market value method are used to measure the forest carbon sequestration values balance of China’s recent four times of inventorying forest resources with results showing that the balance is huge and has been steadily increasing, which explains the significance of this study. Governmental public data shows that forest carbon sequestration, owning huge values, can be converted into gains only from a small proportion. Forest administrations largely rely on governmental funding. It is vital to create new model to materialize forest carbon sequestration values, to convert balance into asset gains and to realize stakeholders’ benefits. This paper, based on the core connotation of Marxist dialectical materialism, presents a point of “gain system view” that is macroscopic, linking, and developing design. It equally treats natural resources’ economic values and asset gains, from gains to all-sharing objective. Each key step has been linked to materialize the economic values of forest carbon sequestration resource assets. Based on “gain system view”, this paper constructs the theoretical mechanism of forest carbon sequestration resource assets from overall framework, key steps and guarantees, initially forming a theoretical system which is employed to conduct system construction. Gains can be obtained through market, finance and industries, and suggestions on system optimization are given. Guarantees of gains can be through “interactive-complete entrust”, and also through “collective ownership” in distribution system from three distributions among central government, local government, enterprise and all people. Gain budget and use management should be established to make gain distribution institutional, normalized and public.
DIGITAL FINANCE, COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENTERPRISE’S DUAL INNOVATION
CORRELATION MEASUREMENT AND EFFECTS OF CHINA’S NEW ENERGY INDUSTRIES
MULTI-SCENARIO DEMAND FORECAST OF RAW NICKEL IN CHINA BASED ON GRAY GM-BP NEURAL NETWORK COMPOUND MODEL
IMPACTS OF MANUFACTURING AGGLOMERATION ON CHINA’S GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY BASED ON ADJUSTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
To achieve sustainability of China’s manufacturing and to increase economic growth quality, this paper studies the impacts of manufacturing agglomeration on China’s green total factor productivity, and discusses the effects of different environmental regulations during the process. Based on the panel data of China’s 30 provinces from 2005 to 2018, this paper uses ultra-efficiency SBM model, which is non-desired output, non-directional and non-angular, to measure their green total factor productivity, and applies Tobit regression model to analyze the impacts of manufacturing on China’s green total factor productivity, and to verify the adjustment of market-stimulating, command controlling and public-involved environmental regulations between manufacturing agglomeration and China’s green total factor productivity. Manufacturing agglomeration is outstandingly negative to China’s green total factor productivity above 1%, suggesting China’s manufacturing still in a highly polluting and energy-consuming model. Crowding effect of industrial agglomeration is larger than economic scale effect, adversely affecting green total factor productivity. Among different environmental regulations, command-controlling and public-involving are conspicuously positive to manufacturing agglomeration above 1%, suggesting both largely constrain the adverse impacts of manufacturing agglomeration on green total factor productivity, while market-stimulating environmental regulation is negative and fails the significance test, meaning it has no adjustment function. China’s manufacturing layout needs further improvement and its industrial structure needs to be adjusted to promote a green transformation of China’s economy. Government shall optimize environmental laws and regulations to fulfill their driving roles in green development.
COUPLING COORDINATION AMONG BASIC PUBLIC SERVICES, POPULATION URBANIZATION AND ECO-ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY ON GANSU’S HEXI AREA
As new urbanization rapidly advances, a variety of urban issues begin to emerge, which makes urbanization quality a key point for regional development, marked by a coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment. This paper, based on a case study in Hexi area, Gansu province, uses entropy, coupling coordination model to measure comprehensive developing level and coordination of basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment from 2011 to 2021, and applies obstacle model to study the factors impacting their coupling coordination in Hexi area. Hexi’s sub-systems show a rising trend, and vary with areas. Population urbanization is the fastest and the basic public service is the lowest in increment. Coupling degree of Hexi’s ternary system is larger than 0.900, suggesting a strong interaction and a slowly-rising coupling coordination from low level to medium level. Spatially, coupling coordination from high to low is in the order of Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Wuwei. In the dual system, coordination is the highest in basic public service-eco-environment which promotes a regional development, lowest in basic public service-population urbanization against a regional development. Obstacle factors of ternary system coordination in Hexi’s five cities vary; the top three are social security and employment, urban infrastructure and health care within the basic public services. The ternary system coordination among basic public services, population urbanization and eco-environment promotes Hexi’s regional economy, but the three are still constraints. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing cities’ positioning, fulfilling resources advantages, boosting infrastructure, intensifying agriculture, developing featured industries and green industries to promote a quality coordinated development in Hexi area.
TEMPORAL-SPATIAL EVOLUTION AND FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIALIZED SERVICING LEVEL IN THE MAJOR CROP PRODUCTION AREAS
Securing supply of key agricultural products like crops is the first task for reviving countryside, which can be satisfied through agricultural socialized servicing linking traditional farmer and modern agriculture. This paper, aiming at promoting agricultural socialized servicing, based on its developing logics, uses provincial panel data from 2008 to 2021, entropy, spatial auto-correlation and geographic detectors to measure the agricultural socialized servicing level in the major crop production areas, and to explore its temporal-spatial evolution and factors. During research period, agricultural socialized servicing level in the major crop production areas has been rising, supported by technical information servicing and public servicing. Agricultural socialized servicing in the three major crop production areas has been improved, ranking in a decreasing order, Huanghuaihai, Yangtze River basin, and northeast, displaying different structural features. Spatially, agricultural socialized servicing displays a south-high and north-low pattern, varying provincially but with positively rising concentration. Many factors impact it in a varying manner; top 2 factors include economy and agriculture scale from the view of economic and social development, and agricultural land scale operation and rural residents’ income from the view of rural production and life. This paper present suggestions on overall construction and structural optimization, on making use of resources, on trans-regional sharing resources and regional coordination, on improving rural environment, and on creating more advantages for agricultural socialized servicing.
WATER RESOURCES UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY AND FACTORS OF YANGTZE RIVER BASIN BASED ON SHEPHARD’S WATER RESOURCES DISTANCE FUNCTION
It makes sense to study water resources utilization efficiency, temporal-spatial distribution and factors in the Yangtze River Basin for its water resources and economic development. This paper uses its 2012 to 2020 data of 11 provinces (cities) to establish a random front model of Shephard’s water resources distance function, which is employed to study water utilization efficiency, factors and temporal-spatial differentiation in the Yangtze River Basin. Water footprint shows a stabilizing water footprint consumption in the Yangtze River Basin, with water use in the upper-reaches less than in the middle-to down-reaches. Variance of gross provincial water footprint is mainly contributed by agricultural production, then by industrial production. Water utilization efficiency by random front model of Shephard’s water resources distance function shows a pattern of “low in middle reaches and high in upper-and down-reaches” with a decreasing trend, falling eastward in the upper reaches, and also falling in the middle-to down-reaches at a low level. Selected factors have passed significance tests, with a positive relation between water resources and utilization efficiency, indicating increment of water resources per capita promotes water utilization efficiency, an outstandingly positive relation between economy and water utilization efficiency, which means economic growth greatly boosts water utilization efficiency. Urbanization rate has an obviously positive relation with water utilization; the higher urbanization, the higher water utilization efficiency. The proportion of the third industry’s GDP has an outstandingly negative relation with water utilization efficiency, suggesting a constraint of industrial structural adjustment on water utilization efficiency. This paper presents suggestions on establishing a trans-department coordination to intensity water resources management and monitoring, pushing forward regional cooperation and information sharing, optimizing industrial structure and promoting sustainable development.
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF JIANGSU’S CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONSTRAINED BY CARBON REDUCTION AND WATER ECOLOGICAL CARRYING CAPACITY
Yangtze River economic zone, as China’s key strategic zone, is closely related to national development by its ecological restoration and resources use. Jiangsu’s chemical industry, an intensive polluting and resources-depleting industry, needs to properly handle industrial development and resources & environmental protection, which is of significance to protect Yangtze River and realize carbon reduction. This paper establishes a multiple-objective optimization model of chemical industry under dual constraints of carbon reduction and water ecological carrying capacity, and applies NSGA-II-VIKOR algorithm to discuss the way to adjust Jiangsu’s chemical industrial structure. Balanced development scenario, compared with low-carbon, water-saving and economic development scenarios, can save water of 998.48×104 m3 , reduce carbon emission intensity by 4.27%, and make GDP rising rate up to 4.73% on the basis of benchmark year 2017. Water resources are used efficiently and carbon emission is largely reduced, while economy gains high-quality development. Chemical industrial structure needs to be adjusted through developing rubber and plastics, limiting petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, using water-saving and carbon-reducing measures in chemical fiber manufacturing. Optimization of chemical industry needs to promote clean energy and reform energy consuming structure, with coal use down by 5.54% and gas & electricity use up by 5.45%. Water resources allocation should be consistent with industrial structural adjustment, which can save water by 9.8% in petroleum processing, coking coal and nuclear fuel processing, and 5.14% in chemical fiber manufacturing, which can be transferred to rubber and plastics sector. This paper presents suggestions on increasing regional ecological carrying capacity to realize high-quality development, establishing clean energy consuming system to raise energy efficiency, developing water-saving industries to materialize a coordinated sustainability in industrial development and water ecology.
EMPIRICAL STUDY ON IMPACTS OF INNOVATIVE HUMAN CAPITAL ON INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURAL UPGRADING BASED ON MEDIATING EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
Under the green high-quality development, technological innovation brings technological advance which is a critical drive for human capital to lead industrial structure adjustment. This paper, based on 2005 to 2020 panel data of China’s 30 provinces, establishes a mediating effect regression model with technological advance as mediating variable, which is employed to study the whole region and each single region. Innovative human capital can improve industrial structural upgrading through technological progress. Each region needs to improve its industrial structural layout through increasing educational and technological investment to improve innovative human capital quality and quantity and then push industrial structural upgrading. Industrial structural adjustment requires a higher quality and quantity in human capital in more developed areas. Innovative human capital can largely promote technological advances in the whole region, but more in the underdeveloped areas where there are less technological advancing effects. Innovative new human capital can promote a rationalized development of industrial structure in the whole region by means of complete mediating effect, but unfavorable for industrial upgrading. In developed regions where there is better self-innovative capacity, a higher requirement of self-innovation on innovative human capital will weaken the indirect effect of innovative human capital on industrial structural adjustment, and intensify the direct effect, showing an indirect effect of innovative human capital on industrial structure by masking effect. In less-developed regions, innovative human capital has an indirect effect on industrial structure through the mediating effect of technological advance, mainly from understanding, adopting and copying imported technologies with lower indirect effect. Driven by the Western Development Strategy, innovative human capital can directly impact industrial structural upgrading in underdeveloped regions. The potential impacting mechanism of innovative human capital on industrial structural upgrading includes investing rate which obviously plays a positive adjusting role in the eastern and western regions. Except in the western region, financing level plays a strikingly positive adjusting role while innovative human capital impacts industrial structural upgrading. Innovative human capital impacts industrial structural rationalization positively in the whole region. This paper presents suggestions on boosting education of innovative human capital, establishing regional talent cultivating system, improving self-innovative capacity and optimizing industrial environment.
EMPLOYMENT CAPACITY OF JIANGSU’S MANUFACTURING FROM PERSPECTIVES OF LAND OWNERSHIP AND SECTOR CHARACTERISTICS
Manufacturing is a vital basis for entity economy, and is China’s major industry in employment as well. In order to mitigate Jiangsu’s employment issue and to realize an ordered manufacturing, this paper, based on Jiangsu’s 317 thousand companies’ data, estimates their employees in its prefectures, counties and in different sectors, analyzes its spatial distribution, locality variance and sector difference of employment capacity, and applies multiple linear regression model to study the impacts of land ownership, sector features and other factors on manufacturing’s employment capacity. Jiangsu’s manufacturing has a large employment capacity, higher in state-owned land than in collective land. Employment capacity of Jiangsu’s manufacturing varies geographically, in a decreasing trend from south to north, both in state-owned land and collective land. Employment capacity of high-tech and strategic new manufacturing is far above Jiangsu’s average. Manufacturing in state-owned land, of high-tech and of new strategy, as well as taxation, sales income and land capacity, has an outstandingly positive impact on employment capacity, while regional economic development has a little impact. This paper presents suggestions on optimizing manufacturing layout to fulfill resources’ advantages, promoting a rational allocation among capital, labor and technology, playing a leading role of manufacturing in state-owned land, high-tech and new strategic industries, minimizing the gap of manufacturing’s employment capacity on the basis of innovative development strategy.
VISUAL ANALYSIS OF GREEN TECHNICAL INNOVATION OF GLOBAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON CITESPACE
RESEARCH STATUS AND TREND ANALYSIS OF CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BASED ON PATENT INFORMATION
Clean coal technology is a crucial way to effectively use coal, much helpful in reducing carbon emission and to realize “dual-carbon” goals. This paper, based on Patsnap patent dataset, uses TAM model to analyze global clean coal technologies from technical advances, patent identification and market, and compares them globally, and points out China’s technical weaknesses, core technologies and future trend. The present clean coal technologies are upgrading to mature stage from developing stage. China’s related patents have issues, such as bad quality, lack of core competitiveness, weak R&D capabilities. Carbon reduction and pollution control are two hotspots in patent application. The future clean coal technology should be directed to comprehensive use of coal. Enterprises shall play a leading role in R&D, and enhance carbon reduction and coal comprehensive use technologies. Governments shall issue supportive polices for the two technical domains, including favorable financial and taxation policies, stimulating enterprises to intensify R&D in clean coal technologies.
FINE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE OF COALBED METHANE GROUND EXTRACTION ON XIANDAO-1 WELL IN SHIYUAN COAL MINE
Fine extraction is a practice in coalbed methane management by using extraction data for obtaining a high yield. When extracting coalbed methane on ground, mining coal leads to a decrease in strata energy, and a fast falling in case pressure, which needs fine extraction to secure ground extraction for a stable production. This paper, based on a case study on Xiandao-1 well in Shiquan coal mine, studies its structure, buried depth and strata pressure, and compares its geology with surrounding basin of coalbed methane, analyzes its fracturing features and conducts fine extraction management, providing references for later mass ground extraction. Five steps are planned, setting up objective of daily production up to 400 cubic meters over 30 days, understanding its occurrence and under-pressured features, conducting extraction gas-water evolution characters, planning “balanced water production stage (no gas release), controlling well bottom fluid pressure stage, stably increasing production stage, and declining stage”, controlling well bottom pressure to balance strata pressure and then to determine critical releasing pressure and water point, releasing point, gas releasing point and stably producing point. Emergency measures are also prepared through three groups in managing the process, site group, research group and decision group. A real-time response and linked decision-making strategy bring a daily gas production from 100, 200, 400, 600 and up to 1 041 cubic meters in two months. Fine extraction management is the key means for such an achievement. Mass ground gas extraction requires planning, emergency measures and flowchart, which are vital technical guarantees to ensure a good production.
