This paper establishes a dynamically optimized model of sustainable development for Hebei's water resource, water environment and social economy based on input/output table, and uses LINGO software to simulate the economic growth in different scenarios under dual constraints of water resource and environment. In the case of optimized scenario (comprehensive scenario), industrial adjustment, fiscal allowance for recycling water and southwaternorthtransfer, introduction of waste water processing technology can promote the sustainable development of Hebei's water resource, environment and economy. COD emission will be reduced by 10% in 2025 compared to the year of 2015. Economic growth rate will be 7.51% annually from 2007 to 2025. Industrial structure will be optimized to 12∶32∶54 in 2025 among the three industries. Water use in agriculture, industry, living and landscaping will be optimized to 59%, 21%, 12% and 8%. Underground water, surface water, recycling water and input water will be optimized to 63%, 16%, 7% and 13%. Hebei provincial government will provide fiscal allowance 7.813 billion RMB in water resource supply, of which 5.225 in newlyconstructed waste water plants, and 2.588 in recycling water piping.
This paper, based on the global lithium supply-demand situation, forecasts its future outlook combined with newenergy vehicles. In the long term, lithium resource is abundant with proven reserve over demand, which eliminates the lithium crisis. In the short term, the global demand, especially in China, will be surging as new energy vehicles develop fast. Lithium will be mainly used to make lithium battery, which is clear for future outlook by rising investing capital as new energy vehicles policies issue, even coming with imbalanced investment structure, which may eventually lead to a severe production surplus. Investment shall be conducted to technical innovation and avoid the aimless investment.
It is of significance to study the global demand for chrome resource for Chinas even worlds chrome resource development and chrome mining investment. This paper, based on worlds chrome reserve, distribution and consumption, predicts its future demand according to the global stainless steel demand. The total chrome resource is over 12 billion tons in the world, but not even in distribution, mainly in South Africa, Kazakhstan and Zimbabwe. Chrome is chiefly used for making stainless steel, so stainless steel production is closely related to the demand of Chrome. Recently Chinas stainless steel has stepped into a stable adjusting period after a fast growth. Stainless steel will be 22×106 t in 2020, so the chrome consumption will accordingly be increased. This paper forecasts a rising demand for chrome, mainly concentrating in Asias market, most in China.
This paper introduces the global germanium reserve, distribution, supply, demand and price, uses end consumption to forecast the worlds and Chinas germanium supply and demand from 2016—2018, and presents suggestions for germanium investors. Germanium is mainly coexisting with leadzinc deposit, limited by leadzinc production. Its production cannot be largely increased. The future market will maintain a rising trend. Optic fiber may become a major increment point for Germanium. Driven by military and civil markets, infrared optics is also rising. As aviation and solar panel develops, germanium for solar batter will be in great demand. Its price will be climbing up when demand exceeds supply. This paper presents suggestions in protecting germanium resource, making rational profits in processing. Investors shall pay attention to germanium infrared market in the short term and to solar panel in the long term.
Gold is a special commodity and currency, also a strategic ore. China is the largest gold producer and consumer with proven gold reserve ranking the front in the world. This paper analyzes China's situation in gold resource industry from gold reserve, distribution, production, consumption, recently geological discoveries, mining and processing technology and markets, summaries the achievements, and presents issues restricting China's sustainable development in gold industry, poor resource occurrences, low level in using resources, irrational industrial structure, operating difficult due to a falling gold price, and insufficient resource guarantee. Aiming at the statedabove questions, this paper also presents suggestions in boosting geological exploration to increase resource guarantee, intensifying technical innovation to raise the resource use level, fastening industrial structure adjustment to reform the conventional industry, enhancing “one belt, one road” construction to exalt international cooperation.
BeijingTianjinHebei located in the Northern China is seriously short of water that the water supply is less than the half of demand. Agricultural water mounts up to 70%, and in rising. A rational allocation of water use can help the sustainable development in this area. This paper by using the virtual water algorithm measures their virtual water of ten agricultural products and establishes a fixed effect regress model to analyze its influence on economy. Adjusting agricultural structure can reach the objective of saving water and promoting sustainable development of economy. In 2014 the virtual water of agriculture is 10 times the actual water use, 1854×1010m3. Their annual virtual water in ten agricultural products rank in order, grain crops, poultry eggs, forest products, meat, dry and fresh fruit, milk, vegetables, fishing products, oil products and cotton. It could save 32×108m3 every year under an open system through adjusting agricultural structure and virtual water trade.
Tianjing iron deposit, located in Kangdian axis iron belt, where is good for iron mineralization. Based on its regional metallogenic settings, ore deposit geology, ore bodies and ores, the genesis of the primary deposit is regarded as mediumlow temperature hydrothermal mineralization, the diluvial slope deposit as the aggregate of weathered primary. This paper presents 3 key areas of high potential resources. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in lower Kunyang group Dalongkou formation strata, the middle Proterozoic. There are two metallogenic evets, the mediumlow temperature hydrothermal deposits formed from the intrusion of basic magma during Jinning period, the hematite and limonite deposits in the form of diluvial slope deposit from eroded and weathered shallow part, which had been lifted during Yanshan period.
This paper based the spatial allocation and changes of water resource in Chinas 70 cities during 2003 to 2013, and finds them different in the eastern, central and western,stable in the eastern, descending in the central and western, especially in the western, falling and then rising in the water resource spatial matching index of population and economy in the northeastern cities, indicating the sign of social and economic fluctuation. Study on the dynamic matrix model indicates that globalization, industrial structure, economic development motivation and potential, developing level are factors of spatial matching of water resource. This paper presents policy approach in less controlling population mobility and promoting population and economy orthokinetic concentration from optimizing spatial matching.
Based on a comparison in measurements of structural isomorphism of modern industry, such as structural similarity coefficient, structural variance index, structural superposition index, measurement of industry structural isomorphism can be carried out from similarity and variance, nondirectionally. This paper applies industry entropy index and industry relative entropy index to measure the industry structural isomorphism among regions, which have been validated in their feasibility via a case study on the North Bay urban group during 2000 to 2010.
This paper, based on expanded Feder model, studies Guangxi's industrial structure transformation and economic growth. Their relation shows that marginal productivity of industrial elements is higher than that of agriculture and services, which proves the necessity of advancing industrialization and also a requirement of Guangxi's constructing modern industrial system. The services are positive to the agriculture and industry, so the agriculture does to the industry. Industrial structure transformation is a drive to Guangxi's economy. Guanxi's irrational industrial structure needs modifying to promote its economy through advancing the modern agriculture, constructing the modern industrial system, expediting the modern services and enhancing the scientific research and technology.
China's energy is confronting challenges in a changeable world energy market and complicated situation. This paper aims at approaches to the constraints of energy industry's financing. Based on the Shenzhen and Shanghai's Stock Market's listed A energy companies in 2008—2012, this paper establishes investmentcash sensitivity model and cashcash sensitivity model, applies OLS to analyzes the mechanism of financial development to energy industry's financing, and shows an outstanding financing constraint in China's energy industry, which can be effectively resolved by financial development. In the areas where has a developed and higher marketing, financing constraints become less, so does when currency is largely issued. A change of the macroscopic financial environment could mitigate the constraints more than regional difference.
This paper details the advances and technical category of UCG, and analyzes comprehensively the UCG industry. Compared with the traditional coal mining, UCG possesses outstanding advantages in environmental protection, coal utilization efficiency, and economy and safety, but disadvantageous in difficultlycontrolled gasification, underground water pollution, unstable gas components and heat values. In general, UCG is of prospects, economic and environmental profits in application, it is an effective way to ensure China's energy security and environmental protection.
This paper analyzes the situation and issues occurring in the lowcarbon efficiency in China's oceanic industries, uses 11 coastal provinces data in 2009—2011 to study their lowcarbon efficiency by means of twophased DEA model. In the first phase, rank the lowcarbon efficiency values acquired by outputoriented BCC model and look into the causes; in the second phase, use the values as variables to verify, by means of Tobit regress model, the efficiency factors with the major ones obtained. Based on this, this paper presents suggestions.
This paper, based on a case study on Shanghai’s industrial development, according to the data in 19952010, analyzes its industrial structure changes, unit energy consumption strength change, and their dynamic influence on gross energy consumption. This paper constructs a dynamic deviationquota model in traditional regional economics to analyze the influence of industrial structure changes to energy consumption, which can be attributed to two aspects, industrial structure deviation quota and energy consumption efficiency deviation quota. By means of this way, this paper studies the influence of three industrial development to gross energy consumption in Shanghai in 19952010. During upgrading the industrial structures, also an energysaving process, the third industry is rising in proportion, contrary to the second industry, but it is still energy consuming.
A fitting staple industry in the north China's minority areas is helpful to break the constraints of ecoenvironment so as to achieve a sustainable development of economy and society. This paper selects the North China, including Heilongjiang in northeastern China, Inner Mongolia in northern China and Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang in northwestern China, to discuss their staple industries by using locality entropy, and shows a less quantity of staple industry, irrational industrial structure, and noncompetitive industrial system and clustering economy, and presents suggestions on selecting and cultivating their staple industries.
As a rising imported gas proportion in China, balancing the pricing mechanism becomes a necessary choice for China's gas industry. The America, one of earliest and mature gas explorers, is of references owning to its gas evolution and marketing. This paper analyzes its industrial chain structure, market evolution and marketing mechanism, and summarizes its experiences and to China's reference. Its market evolution indicates a longterm marketing mechanism with vast involvers, the third partys access and effective monitoring.
This paper, based on a case study on Chinas manufacturing industry and energy consumption data of manufacturing industry from 2005-2009, analyzes the reason for energy consumption growth, and presents the standards to choose energysaving industries viewing from energy consumption. This paper decomposes the variance between actual energy consumption and standard energy consumption, which is regarded from industrial growth speed deviation and energy consumption intensity deviation, and according to their differences in each industry within manufacturing industry, classifies the industries and presents industrial selection and policy suggestions for China to develop energysaving industries.
This paper, based on an overview of Chinas jewelry industry history, analyzes the favorable conditions and developing trend of Chinas jewelry industry. Currently there is an increase in market demand, enhanced cutting technology, an outstanding industry clustering effect and improved resources utilization capacity. In the future, the jewelry enterprises will focus on the third tier cities, add own retail stores, and widen alliance channels. Also they will set up online services, strengthen brand construction and improve design ability to win the market by differentiation.
The growth of energy industry drives largely the economy and industrial structure upgrade in the western China. This paper, aiming at precisely revealing the energy industrial development in western China’s energy-rich regions, establishes a logistic model of energy industrial growth, which is used to mark the energy industrial stages, and is used to clarify the situation of coal, oil and gas industries in Shaanxi, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, where enrich in energy. Shaanxi’s oil industry is at a mature period, but declining in Xinjiang. Coal and gas industries in Shaanxi and Xinjiang, along with Inner Mongolia’s coal are at growing stage. This paper presents polices in accordance with their stages.
