Table of Content

20 August 2015, Volume 17 Issue 4

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES CITIES

Concentrating pattern of resources-exhausted cities based on GIS

CHANG Xiao-li， SUN Zu-cong, LUO Ming-liang, XU Deng-yao, WANG You-han

2015, 17(4):  1-7. 

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This paper studies the spatial and temporal pattern of resources-exhausted cities using mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis method, and discusses the causes of resourcesexhausted cities, intending to provide references in resources protection, urban planning, sustainable development of society and economy. In resourcesexhausted cities industrial structure, coal ranks top, then nonferrous metals, and then foresting. The number of resourcesexhausted cities is rising. They are most concentrating in the northeastern Chinas comprehensive economic zone, or the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. The global autocorrelation shows certain positive correlation with spatial characteristics of dominating HH and LL clustering. HH clustering is spreading in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Inner Mongolia while LL in Xinjiang and Tibet. Kernel density analysis based on a search radius of 180 km and 300 km displays that resourcesexhausted cities are heavily concentrating in Northeast China, North China and Central China.

RESOURCES STRATEGY

Oil`gas reservoirs features and exploration potential of Iraq`s central-eastern basins

Jia Huai-cun, Liu Tie-shu, Kang Hong-quan,et al

2015, 17(4):  8-16. 

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Iraq is one of the most petroleumrich countries in the Middle East, displaying differential in petroleum geology and distribution. Regional tectonics and stratigraphic succession show that passive continental margin and foreland phases are the major stages for generating hydrocarbon. After evaluating and comparing the central and eastern basins, this paper analyzes the features of typical reservoirs and concludes that tectonics and depositional evolution are the key factors controlling development of petroleum geology. And it also displays that it is earlier for hydrocarbon generation in southern Iraq than in northern Iraq. The main periods of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in Dibdibah subbasin and Mesopotamia foredeep are from Mesozoic to Paleogene. Because of tectonic deforming at late Miocene, the hydrocarbon reservoir forming is later in North Iraq Zagros. The exploration potential in North Iraq Zagros is better than in Dibdibah subbasin and Mesopotamia foredeep. The Akkas hydrocarbon system, distributing in central and northwestern Iraq desert, is the further prospecting area.

INDIA`S OVERSEAS FOSSIL ENERGY STRATEGIC OUTLOOK AND ITS REFERENCE

CHEN Xifeng, YE Jinhua, CAI Gang, XIANG Yunchuan, CHEN Xiufa, CHEN Zheng

2015, 17(4):  17-24. 

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This paper, based on India`s fossil energy situation, studies its overseas fossil energy strategies from its cooperation with Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia, expounds its future strategic plan, and presents its references for China combined with Chinas “going overseas” in using fossil energy. India, as short of oilgas resources, depends largely upon importing fossil energy and has established its global fossil energy cooperation net diversifying its overseas energy supply. Indias fossil energy strategy is based on a trinity that “government leads, specific department implements and companies invests”, and makes its overseas fossil energy diplomatic strategic planning 2011—2017.

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

APPLICATION OF SOFTGIS IN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT INBEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI REGION

SUN Nan, QIN Pei, PAN Xueting, XING Yuxin

2015, 17(4):  25-33. 

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Urban geology environmental management is a vital basis in the coordinated development of BeijingTianjinHebei. Multidimentional urban geology environmental “public prevention” system can encourage public involvement, an effective compensation to the traditional information collection. Based on the cases study on Wangping towns Nangang village, Dongmagezhuang village, this paper sets up SoftGIS network survey platform and an evaluation index system to discuss the public prevention systems necessity and feasibility. It combines human feeling with urban geology environmental management so as to timely and precisely collect and analyze environmental information, which intensifies public supports to urban geology environmental management. During the coordinated development of BeijingTianjinHebei, SoftGIS becomes a bridge for public involvement in urban geology environmental management, largely boosting human urbanization and urban harmonious development. It is also an important part in “public route” and ecological culture in urban geology environmental management.

BASIC QUALITIES AND TRAINING MODES OF CHINESEINTERNATIONALIZED MINING TALENTS

YANG Yongwei, WANG Xunlian

2015, 17(4):  34-38. 

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This paper details the qualities required for Chinese internationalized mining talents, and presents the training modes aiming at cultivating internationalized mining talents for Chinese mining companies and at raising investing efficiency overseas. Through communication with mining experts and managers, browsing mining companies recruiting information, this paper concludes that, based on the western transnational mining companies success, internationalized mining talents should possess global views, master at least one foreign language, have rational knowledge structure and strong ability to learn and to innovate, and bear working experience. China in cultivating internationalized mining talents has three modes, Chineseforeign universities joint education, universityenterprise joint education and enterprise internal training. Chinese mining companies need more time to mature in investment, which depends upon the Chinese mining talents internationalized progress.

RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

ADAPTABILITY ANALYSIS FOR COAL BED METHANE DEVELOPMENT METHODS IN LISHU COAL FIELD OF JIXI MINING FIELD

ZHANG Dingliang

2015, 17(4):  39-43. 

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Based on the successful implementation of coal bed methane(CBM) exploration and development experiment in Lishu coal field of Jixi mining field, the paper studies adaptability of various development methods for CBM development in Lishu coal field, from terrain, geology, technology and economic benefits, aiming at offering references for commercially developing CBM. It is appropriate to select cluster wells, horizontal wells, Utype wells and pinnate horizontal wells in terrain, vertical wells and cluster wells in geology, and not horizontal wells, pinnate horizontal wells and Utype wells in technology, cluster wells in economic benefits. This paper concludes that cluster wells are the preferred method in developing CMB in Lishu coal field of Jixi mining field at a large scale.

PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ZHONGFANG COUNTY`S CONSTRUCTION MINERALS IN HUNAN PROVINCE

LIU Min, ZHAO Jianguang, FU Qunhe, ZHONG Qianqian, WU Sheng, MENG Guoqiang

2015, 17(4):  44-47. 

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In order to develop and protect mineral resources and to promote mining economy and to protect mine geological environment, this paper analyzes Zhongfang countys and nearby citys urban development planning and trend, establishes a mathematic model of construction mineral demand based on social development, which is used to forecast the demand of construction minerals in Zhongfang county during the period of “the 13th fiveyearplan”, giving guideline in developing Zhongfang countys construction minerals. Cementusing limestone resource needs to be further guaranteed; sand, sandstone and quartzite can basically meet the market; but for other minerals such as lime dimension stone, shale, consolidation is needed to decrease mine quantity and undertake largescale production so as to avoid surplus in production capacity and wasting resource.

CHARACTERISTICS AND GAS CONTENT EVALUATION OF WUFENG—LONGMAXI FORMATION SHALE IN WELL XIYE-1

ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Jinchuan, HUANG Yuqi, TANG Xuan, WANG Zhongpeng, PENG Jijun

2015, 17(4):  48-55. 

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This paper, based on cores observation and tests, studies the lithology, geochemistry, reservoir and gasbearing features of Wufeng—Longmaxi Formation organic shale intersected by Xiye1 well, attempting to provide references in Guizhous shale gas exploration, targets prioritization and resources potential assessment. Organic shale is carboniferous and siliceous, distributing in the bottom of Wufeng formation and Longmaxi formation, belonging to deep water shelf sedimentation characterized by high organic abundance, high thermal maturity, good organic matters and high gas content. It implies a good shale gas reservoir formation. Authigentic quartz content in organic shale rises from subaqueous uplift to shallow water shelf and to deep water shelf, but clay minerals decrease. Organic shale reservoir space is displayed as organic porosity with gas in the form of adsorption. Shales sedimentary environment and preservation controls the gas content of southern China. 

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMAL-MODIFIED SERPENTINE`S ADSORPTION OF CADMIUM

QI Nan, LIANG Chenghua, WANG Xue, YIN Yan

2015, 17(4):  56-60. 

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An isothermal adsorption test was made between natural serpentine and thermalmodified serpentine at 700 ℃ to remove the heavy ion Cd2+. This paper discusses the factors and mechanism of adsorption. Adsorption ratio depends largely on adsorbent quantity and solution pH value. Adsorption ratio rises up to over 60% with more adsorbent. Thermalmodified serpentine is obviously better than natural serpentine in adsorption ability with the same amount of adsorbent. The adsorption capacity of both increases as pH value rises from 3 to 6, and tends to be stabilized as pH value is 6-10. Two kinds of serpentine are in accordance with Freundlich formula with a good fitting. The maximum adsorption quantity of thermalmodified serpentine at 700 ℃ is 8.19 mg/g, approximately twice that of the natural serpentine.

RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT

GUANGZHOU`S ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON EMISSION FROMRESIDENTS CONSUMPTION

HE Ai, LV Lachang

2015, 17(4):  61-68. 

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In order to figure out the characteristics of Guangzhou residents consumption carbon emissions, the paper calculates urban and rural residents-direct and indirect energy consumption and carbon emissions from 2000—2010. The result shows a continuous rise in direct carbon emissions, with emissions of rural residents fewer than those of urban residents. Indirect carbon emission displays a fluctuation in urban residents and a fall in rural residents far below urban residents. Sources of carbon emission are chiefly food, clothing, housing, education and entertainment in urban residents, and food and housing in rural residents. Guangzhous gross energy consumption and carbon emission is rising in general, with increasing direct energy consumption and carbon emission, and declining indirect energy consumption and carbon emission. This paper presents suggestions on carbon emission reduction from promoting new lowcarbon urbanization, developing new energy, increasing fossil energy efficiency, advocating low carbon living, and changing traditional consumption modes.

COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION METHOD OF EXPERTS DECISION BASED ON PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM CROSS-ENTROPY IN CARRYING CAPACITY OF RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT

LI Ran, HE Dayi, XU Jiaqiang

2015, 17(4):  69-74. 

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This paper, based on expert effect formula establishing expert subjective assessment matrix, uses entropy weighting to give objective and subjective weights of indicators, and presents multiple expert comprehensive assessment of carrying capacity of resources and environment on the basis of weights integrated model that is established by the minimum cross entropy. This method, without any added information, combines subjective with objective weights, which avoids not only the subjective random, but also the excessive information from data. This paper, from subsystems economy, population, natural resources and environment, sets up comprehensive evaluation index system of carrying capacity of resources and environment which is used in Guangxis Beibu Gulf city agglomeration. The results show Nanning has a rapid growth with big population and GDP; Beihai has a rising GDP thanks to its coastal locality; Qinzhou and Fangchenggang ranks at bottom, which need to consider how to consolidate resources and increase urban comprehensive intensity. The study is consistent with the actual, which validates the method. 

CHINA`S ENERGY CONSUMPTION CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON PANEL MODEL

WU Jin

2015, 17(4):  75-81. 

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This paper classifies China`s 31 provinces in terms of their environmental pollution by means of system clustering and K-mean clustering, and applies variable coefficient model and variable intercept model of panel model to analyze the average energy consumption level and trend based on 24 provinces`coal, coking coal, crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel and gas consumption data of 2006—2011. Results show pollution extent changes after energy consumption trend, but the latter can change the former. Energy consumption trend is negatively related to environmental pollution extent. Regional energy consumption characteristics are connected with its industrial structure and resources abundance. Energy consumption intensity and trend display low in the region with a higher economic level and an intensive industrial structure. Suggestions are presented on environmental protection policies based on energy consumption characteristics.

NEW VIEWS ON CHINA`s LEGISLATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION

LI Jiaxin

2015, 17(4):  82-87. 

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Environmental tax refers to the taxation on polluted or damaged environment by organization or persons who develop and use resources environment based on the developed resources degree or environmental polluted degree. Environmental taxation is one solution to environmental issues by using marketing economy, reflecting “who pollute, who handle, who develop, who restore, who use, who compensate, who benefit, who pay”. Environmental taxation is fair for competition and can realize double bonus to triple. This paper, based on Chinas current environmental taxation and combined with environmental situation, thinks the principles of correlation, polluters burden, and exclusive use of environmental tax by referring foreign successful taxation, and presents suggestions for system design of Chinas environmental taxation from taxpayers, taxation ways, tax base, and tax rate.

RESOURCES INDUSTRIES

PATH TO URBAN LOW CARBON INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION IN DEVELOPING AREAS:A CASE STUDY ON GUIYANG CITY

LI Ye, CAO Mei

2015, 17(4):  88-93. 

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This paper, based on Guiyangs industrial situation and its low carbon transformation advantages and disadvantages, presents a path selection of low carbon transformation and gives suggestions on policy, aiming at providing references for key cities in developing areas to develop in a sustainable way. Developing low carbon economy is a transformation and can promote ecological reconstruction. Guiyang, based on its resource abundance and economic development situation, shall select a low carbon path in saving energy and reducing discharges through low carbon production and living. Suggestions on adjusting industrial structure, constructing ecological industrial zones, saving energy in key businesses, eliminating poor facilities and pushing industrial low carbon are given to establish modern industrial culture of low energy consumption, low pollution, achieving ecological culture and healthy economy in a low carbon route.

SITUATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF CHINA`S NICKEL RESOURCES INDUSTRY

ZENG Xiangting, XU Hong, TIAN You, LIU Zhina, LI Meimei

2015, 17(4):  94-99. 

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China, as the world`s biggest consumer of nickel, is extremely scarce in domestic nickel resources with more than 90% depending on imports. This paper analyzes the distribution, characteristics and supplydemand relationship of Chinese nickel resources, and finds out that there exist some issues in the domestic nickel industry, such as the rising supply and demand gap, sole import source, irrational nickel industrial structure, lack of international pricing power and the poor development of recycling nickel. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes several measurements in increasing the intensity of nickel exploration, stressing the nickel resources development abroad, strengthening international cooperation, implementing multivariate import channels, optimizing traditional technical process, adjusting the industrial structure, developing unique nickel refining technology, improving recycling nickel resources. This paper aims to promote a healthy, stable and sustainable development of Chinas nickel resources industry.

SITUATION AND SUGGESTIONS OF CHINAS COPPER RESOURCES INDUSTRY

TIAN You, YANG Weimin, SHEN Junfeng, ZENG Xiangting

2015, 17(4):  100-105. 

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This paper analyzes the industrial situation of Chinas copper resources from the distribution and characteristics, reserves, production and consumption, import price and copper scrap recycling, and finds out that there exist some problems urgent to be solved in domestic copper industry, such as the insufficient reserves, the imbalance between supply and demand, the contradiction between high yield and high energy consumption, the lack of international pricing power and the low scrap recovery. To solve the above problems, this paper puts forward the following feasible strategies in using foreign resources actively and enhancing the domestic copper reserve, in increasing the intensity of domestic copper ore exploration, improving mineral smelting technology to ease the crisis brought by the gap of supply and demand, in encouraging more imports consumption to reduce the contradiction between high yield and high energy consumption, in supporting and guiding the development of domestic copper futures market to reduce the impact of international continuous high copper price and acquire international pricing power, in improving copper recovery to narrow the gap in the renewable copper industry between China and developed countries.

RESOURCES ECONOMICS

ECONOMIC GROWTH FACTORS CONTRIBUTION OF QINGHAI PROVINCE FROM 2004—2012

GAO Xiaowei, KONG Rui

2015, 17(4):  106-110. 

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This paper uses CobbDouglas production function to study the contribution of capital, labor and technology in Qinghais economic growth, analyzes its economic drives based on Qinghais 2004—2012 data. Qinghai is a province with abundance of mineral resources, but imbalanced with its regional economy and industrial economy. After 2009 the economic growth largely depends on investment. Technical advances were weakened in its push to economy, even impeded economy. Qinghais fixed asset scale is far higher than the average of China, with capital sources mainly from internal investors and less from foreign investors. Investments are concentrating in the second and the third industries. This paper suggests Qinghai on investing in scientific and technical research, boosting international trading, training talents, adjusting industrial pattern to develop featured industries and resourcesrefined industries based on its abundance in resources and locality, so as to transform Qinghais current pillar industries and promote economic development.

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF LISTED MINING COMPANIES BASED ON EVA

LI Zhixue, WANG Xiaolin

2015, 17(4):  111-116. 

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This paper makes performance measurement among 67 listed mining companies, based on their annual reports from 2010—2013, calculates the economic value added (EVA), the return rate of EVA and the growth rate of EVA. The results show the subordinate industry types of mining industries dont have a significant influence on the return rate of EVA. Performances have gotten deteriorated in coal mining and processing, oilgas mining and mining services since 2010, but their performance differentiation reduces. Performances have gotten better in ferrous and nonferrous metal. The EVA in mining services has increased at the fastest speed, and that in nonferrous metal industry has fluctuated at most. This paper gives advices for mining industry in improving the economic value added from investing on R&D, constructing engineering projects, raising capital effectiveness, intensifying financial management and setting up EVA promotional system.

COST BENEFITS EVALUATION OF BLOCKS IN A LARGE OIL FIELD BASED ON AHP AND CLUSTERING

ZHOU Yanchun, GONG Lei

2015, 17(4):  117-122. 

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This paper evaluates the cost benefits of a large oil fields level 1 blocks so as to provide references for extracting oil. Based on differential rent theory, this paper establishes a cost benefits evaluation model of oil field block from exploration cost and extraction cost in consideration of the differential effect of reservoir geology and exploration stage on cost benefits. AHP is employed to rank their cost levels among 25 blocks, which are classified into four levels, highly effective, intermedium effective, low effective and no effective by means of clustering analysis. Causes are given for the low effective and no effective blocks. This paper presents approaches to increasing cost benefits in optimizing blocks, allocating production planning from maximizing benefits principle and intensifying technical research.

FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY AND OPERATION PROPOSALS OF COMMUNITY BANKS

SHENG Jun, SHENG Mei, SHENG Jie

2015, 17(4):  123-133. 

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This paper, aiming at learning from foreign community banks and improving Chinese banks services and efficiency to community and small business and exploring the feasibility of Chinese community banks, establishes a dynamic breakeven model to evaluate community banks benefits and financial feasibility. The current benefits model comes from the depositloan interest variance, which is weakened by changes in interest market. Banks cost is increasing. This situation impacts community banks balance variance trend. This paper presents suggestions on how resources should be allocated on community banks. It is of financial feasibility for China to set up community banks, which is also an innovation and optimization of the existing financial systems. An influence of interest marketing and added cost on community banks operation of a minimum deposit is acceptable. Adding noninterest income is the direction to increase the resources allocation efficiency of community banks.

LINKED EFFECT OF COAL FUTURES AND SPOT PRICES

LEI Qiang

2015, 17(4):  134-139. 

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This paper, based on the cointegration theory, uses stationary test and variance decomposition to study the linked effect of Chinas coal futures price and spot price and presents suggestions. A cointegration and longrun equilibrium relationship exists between the coal futures price and spot price. Coal futures price is the Granger cause of spot price, but not vice versa. Variance shows far greater influence of coal futures price over spot price than spot price over futures price. Coal futures price variance depends on itself. The linked effect of coal futures and spot prices displays asymmetry. This paper suggests improving coal futures market, diversifying coal financial market entities, intensifying coal financing, and focusing on coal futures laws and regulations.