Abstract:

To discover if the electric vehicles have the good energy-saving and emission-reducing merits in their lifecycles, this paper applies lifecycle evaluation and GREET model to calculate their energy consumption and pollution emission of PHEV and BEN, and compares the results with the traditional vehicles (GICEV) to evaluate their environmental benefits of EV. PHEV and BEV are lower than the GICEV in total energy consumption during the lifecycles by 18.94% and 24.72%, with outstanding energy saving advantages on driving. The two EVs have lower pollution emissions than GICEV in CO2, NOx, CO and VOC, of which BEV contributes most to CO and VOC emission reduction by 90.34% and 44.39%; however, SOx has an increment by 2.57 times. Generally, PHEV and BEV decrease the environmental loads by 24.25% and 40.72% compared with GICEV. When considering the negative externality, the pure economic costs of EVs are closer to the real costs, favorable for emission reduction. China will benefit from expansion of EV if Chinas energy structure can be optimized. 

Key words: EV, lifecycle evaluation；GREET model, environmental impact load；energy saving and emission reduction

摘要：

为探究电动汽车在全生命周期是否仍具有良好的节能减排效益，论文以插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）和纯电动汽车（BEV）为研究对象，采用生命周期评价方法和GREET模型，对能源消耗及污染排放情况进行计算，并对比传统汽车（GICEV），以评价其环境效益。研究得出以下结论：1）两种电动汽车全生命周期总能耗均低于传统汽车，PHEV和BEV相对于GICEV分别减少18.94%和24.27%，在车辆行驶阶段体现出明显的节能优势；2）相比于GICEV，两种电动汽车对CO2、NOx、CO和VOC的排放量均有不同程度的下降，其中BEV对CO和VOC的减排效果最好，分别减少了90.34%和44.39%，但SOx的排放量增至GICEV的2.57倍，综合来看，PHEV和BEV的环境影响负荷分别比GICEV下降了24.25%和40.72%；3）考虑负外部性时，电动汽车的纯经济成本更接近于真实成本，有利于减排；4）在未来我国能源结构得到优化的前提下，推广电动汽车的效益会更加可观。

关键词: 电动汽车, 生命周期评价, GREET模型, 环境影响负荷, 节能减排