Forecasting supply/demand of clean energy critical mineral processing products and exploring the effective ways to raise supply-securing level of critical mineral processing products are of significance to guarantee and stabilize industrial chain and supply chain of critical minerals in China. This paper, aiming at the clean energy critical mineral processing products of lithium, cobalt and nickel, applies grey forecasting model, ARIMA model and a combined model based on entropy to forecast China's market supply/demand trend of clean energy critical mineral processing products from 2023 to 2030. Entropy-based combined model works excellently in market supply/demand of lithium, cobalt and nickel with dramatically improved forecasting precision compared to single model. In consideration of recycling resource contribution, it is forecasted that the demand for lithium and cobalt processing products will reach 153.74×10.4 t and 25.34×10.4 t in 2030, and the supply will be 183.56×10.4 t and 23.36×10.4 t, basically reaching a supply/demand balance, but with potential disturbance from technical innovation. As for nickel processing products, without considering the recycling resource, there will be a conflicted demand/supply, suggesting China should take immediate actions to secure domestic nickel processing products supply to guarantee sustainable development. Suggestions are presented for the three critical minerals. For lithium, China should prioritize research and application of deep brine lithium extraction technologies, promote the “oil-lithium co-exploration” model, and intensify technical innovation to reduce reliance on imports and mitigate market volatility risks. As for cobalt resource, recycling economy is the key way by intensifying cobalt recycling research and application and by increasing overall use efficiency to relieve mining pressure. As for nickel resource, it suggests China cooperate with “the Belt and Road” countries in overseas investment and production by diversifying importing sources, and boost domestic nickel exploration and development to ensure stability and security of nickel supply chain

Excessive producing capacity of coal industry is wasting resources, harmful to a green, efficient and safe energy system. Utilization rate of producing capacity is a key indicator to mark the excess of producing capacity, measuring it will be helpful to tell the excess degree of coal producing capacity and its developing trend, which provides references for authorities to make producing capacity policies and for coal producers to make market strategies. China ‘s coal resource is heterogeneously distributing with different burying geology, which determines its regional developing difference. The past measurements ignored its impacts on utilization rate of producing rate. This paper uses LCRMA to measure 2001 to 2017 utilization rate of coal producing capacity in China ‘s 24 provinces, classifies coal provinces into 4 groups, abundant type, moderate type, insufficient type and exhausted type in terms of the intrinsic variance of mining conditions, and applies spatial counting model to study their spatial evolution of utilization rate of producing capacity in these four groups. Utilization rate of coal producing capacity shows a rising-falling trend during the study period, average at 0.82, with excessive producing capacity varying with groups. Production in insufficient type and exhausted type is approaching the producing margin, suggesting a limited room to improve their utilization rate of producing capacity. Utilization rate of producing capacity in moderate type is average at 0.63, meaning an excessive producing capacity. Factors impacting utilization rate of producing capacity vary with groups. Economy works adversely, but positively on groups with abundant resources, advanced technologies and most large coal bases, indicating expanded producing capacity induced by economic growth ignores quality. Utilization rate of producing capacity is sensitive to changes of market demands, a growing demand is favorable for improving utilization rate of producing capacity. Spatialβconditional convergence exists in utilization rate of coal producing capacity, suggesting industrial migration helpful to spatially increase utilization rate of producing capacity, contributing to a diminishing regional difference. This paper presents suggestions on enhancing infrastructural construction and research inputs in western and new producing bases, accelerating quit and consolidation of lagging producing capacity in central, exerting the key “survival of fittest” role of market in coal producing capacity, actively directing human and management resources in insufficient and exhausted groups to abundant and moderate types so as to reach a quality development of coal industry.

supervising law enforcement, and protecting resource environment. 

Resource based cities depend largely upon resources, leading to an irrational industrialstructure. This paper uses indicator analysis and shift-share analysis to study the features and issues by measuring location quotient, comparing labor production rate and industrial structure shift degree, and analyzes the features and issues of the holistic industrial structure and inside the industrial structure, and discusses the industrial structure evaluation and adaption adjustment of resource-exhausted cities. Zhongxian’s industrial development largely relies on resources with a low level of industrial structure and inappropriate industrial structure, but bears somecompetitiveness. This paper presents suggestions for Zhongxiang city to sustain its development from extending resource industrial links, developing alternative industries and recycling economy, transferring labors, offering references for the development of resourceexhausted cities.

This paper, based on the natural gas CIF of three gas importers, Japan, America and Germany and Brent crude oil price, uses vector auto regressive mode to study their longterm balance and dynamics. The results show a long term balance between the natural gas prices and Brent crude oil prices. Changes of Brent crude oil price by 1% will lead to positive change to the imported natural gas prices by 0.358% in Japan, by 0.061% in America, and by 0.802% in Germany. Variance decomposition indicates the natural gas prices of the three countries and Brent crude oil prices react largely with their own new information, but big difference in duration. In a long term, the natural gas prices will be influenced by Brent crude oil prices, Japan largely, followed by Germany, and then America.

This paper, based on antimony data, analyzes the development actuality of Chinas antimony industry from its resource distribution, production, consumption, demand, processing, trading, market and prices, and presents issues in developing antimony industry. China possesses abundance of antimony resources with large production scale, most for export. According to the issues, overdevelopment,low guarantee of resource, small demand, surplus of products, low price, this paper gives suggestions, based on survey and references, on intensifying exploration, controlling production scale, increasing processing technology, boosting application, and offering supportive policies.

This paper makes performance measurement among 67 listed mining companies, based on their annual reports from 2010—2013, calculates the economic value added (EVA), the return rate of EVA and the growth rate of EVA. The results show the subordinate industry types of mining industries dont have a significant influence on the return rate of EVA. Performances have gotten deteriorated in coal mining and processing, oilgas mining and mining services since 2010, but their performance differentiation reduces. Performances have gotten better in ferrous and nonferrous metal. The EVA in mining services has increased at the fastest speed, and that in nonferrous metal industry has fluctuated at most. This paper gives advices for mining industry in improving the economic value added from investing on R&D, constructing engineering projects, raising capital effectiveness, intensifying financial management and setting up EVA promotional system.

GIS is commonly used in processing heavy mineral data. This paper combined with professional data processing and GIS 2nd Development in information domain, presents an effective and fast data processing method that GeoTools developed in MapGIS can calculate in batch anomaly points, average, and maximum of heavy mineral anomaly, and help complete classification of anomalies. GeoTools had achieved good results in processing Qinghai and Shanxi’s heavy minerals data in rising efficiency and quality and accuracy, and can be processing data under MapGIS.

This paper analyzes the input/output system issues of coal development, constructs the input/output system of coal development, and uses entropy theory to clarify its entropy stream structure, which is applied set up a decision model for coal enterprises. The external entropy stream is a key factor influencing the stability and health of input/output system of coal development. This paper suggests to manage this system from policy, resources, environment, market, society and global competition with focusing on policy entropy stream.

Xinjiang’s abundance in energy and ore resources is a key drive to its economy.This paper focuses on Xinjiang’s resource industry,uses regional entropy and weighted power to study its distribution and spatial concentration,and shows dominance in oil and gas,petroleum processing,coaking coal and nuclear material with a spatial concentration,but the coal mining and processing is on the contrary.Xinjiang’s resource industry develops on its energy resources locality,and a dispersed degree in its resource industry.

Discounted cash flow (DCF) is a mature, widelyused and most acceptable way in petroleum companys evaluation, but with defects when evaluating with high uncertainty. The real option, through transplanting the financial option pricing to real investing pricing, covers the values of future investment decision. This paper, based on a comparison of the above, uses the both to evaluate Nexen, and finds that cashflow fast and direct, but if under a suppose of a precise future cashflow and discounted ratio in expected life and unchanged environment. The real option, however, makes up this but with its dim model weakening its effect.

As a rising imported gas proportion in China, balancing the pricing mechanism becomes a necessary choice for China's gas industry. The America, one of earliest and mature gas explorers, is of references owning to its gas evolution and marketing. This paper analyzes its industrial chain structure, market evolution and marketing mechanism, and summarizes its experiences and to China's reference. Its market evolution indicates a longterm marketing mechanism with vast involvers, the third partys access and effective monitoring.

This paper, uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the innovation ability in eastern and western China and analyzes their innovation ability difference, and shows a higher intelligence allocation efficiency in the western, and a higher commercial result allocation efficiency in the eastern. This paper also studies the issues in innovation process and provides suggestions setting up interactive mechanism. The western and eastern shall create an effective intelligence alliance and innovation technology alliance to focus on resources-based motives, benefit allocation standard, government’s service and continued policy support.

Recently, as electronics and automobile industries go fast, China^,s tin production has been over operated. Since 2004, China, holding a share of less than 30% tin resource globally, has contributed 40%, leading to a falling in tin reserve. China^,s tin industry is facing many issues, poor comprehensive use, low recycling use, irrational industrial structure, and direct export of raw materials, etc. This paper compares the tin production with other countries, suggests on governmental macroscopic controls, exploration investment, exploring overseas, tin production consolidation, recycling industrial mode, optimizing industrial chains, detailing export items, so as to guarantee China^,s sustainable development of tin production.

 The Ordovician limestone water is a main threat in mining No.5 coal bed in Fenyuan coal field. This paper applies water inrush coefficient approach to study the water inrush risk of coal floor from water pressure, floor destruction, water resisting capability, confined water level height, and aquiclude thickness in limestone top. Combined with drilling logs, this paper measures water inrush coefficient and draws a contour map, marks safe zones, relative safe zones, relative dangerous zones and dangerous zones, which can provide a reference for mining planning and water disaster prevention.
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Haixi ranks top in ore resources development and utilization in Qinghai province, which is of importance to Haixi＇s economy or even to Qinghai＇s. This paper, based on Haixi＇s ore resources development and utilization 2008 situation, analyzes the issues and presents approaches. Development of ore resources is a main approach to its economy, focusing on high added-value ores and scale development and intensive utilization. And it is a key point in comprehensive utilization and environmental protection in Haixi＇s ore resources development and utilization.
 

Shandong as China^,s No.1 gold producer plays a key role in China^,s mining sector and in its economy by its gold mining and production. The current issues for Shandong^,s gold industry include scant advanced processing, low craftwork level, short gold resource and uncompleted gold chain. This paper, based on Schumpeter^,s innovation theory, presents that innovation is the only way to the sustainable development of Shandong^,s gold industry, including processing innovation, raw material control innovation and organization innovation. The innovation forms lie in improving gold processing level, finding new gold resources and planning a rational enterprise layout and constructing a complete industrial chain.

As urbanization goes fast in China, the demand of land resources is far beyond its supply. One of solution is to reform village-in-city, to extensively use land and to increase the land utilization efficiency, in line with governmental policies. This paper, based on a case study on Kunming city, applies the construction land standard per capital and GIS data as indexes to estimate the land-saving potential to reform the village-in-city, with the results that the lands have been increased by 1792.79 hm ² and 1288.87 hm ² inside  and outside urban planning zones, respectively. This method is of significance to improve the land extensive utilization efficiency.

As economy goes on, the construction land demands become bigger and bigger. The prediction of construction demands during land utilization planning, however, still need to be improved. This paper, based on a case study on Dongfang city, Hainan province, establishes regress model and grey model of economic development to predict the construction land demands in 2010 and 2020, indicating that the regress model has a better application, but the grey model produces a bigger variation as years goes by, which can be applied for reference only by some correction.

China has formed a land survey flow that is based on land classification has the core of internal judgement and external investigation, which efficiently guided the land survey work in China. As economy goes on, however, a higher precision is required for land survey so that the traditional method can not meet the needs. This paper, based on the cores of land survey system, optimizes the land classification system, establishes a quantifying and standardization relation between land attributes and land utilization, which reverts the land survey process to land attributes survey and record process, and presents some suggestions improving the existing land survey system.

Bauxite deposits have been recently discovered in south-western Tianshan, such as Beishan bauxite deposit in Wushi county, Qiaokemoke bauxite deposit in Wuqia county. The discovery not only is helpful to resolve the uneven distribution of mineral resources, and but also stimulate the electrolysis aluminum industry based on the sufficient local coal and power. This paper summarizes the metallogenetic system of bauxite deposits and mineralization conditions, presents that bauxite deposits can be formed, regardless of rock types, under a favorable environment. The paleogeography plays a key role in the formation of bauxite deposits. The bauxite deposits in the southwestern Tianshan are the Carboniferous clastic sedimentary deposits on the paleo-weathered crust.

Big accidents happening at mines make huge loss to people's lives and properties, lead to kickback, and heavily restrict the mine's development. The safety management in mine enterprises becomes a big issue which catches governmental and social attention. This paper analyzes the root causes of casualty accidents, and establishes the safety culture system to enhance safety management, and presents suggestions in six aspects constructing mine enterprises safety culture, safety consciousness, training, family involvement, accident report, safety investment and safety rewards and punishment system.

This paper, aiming at the sustainable development, uses the eco-footprint model to calculate the eco-footprint during 1985—2005 in Yibin city, and analyzes the eco-footprint safety, with results indicating a big dynamic change in per capital eco-footprint, increasing trend in general, decreasing trend in per capital eco-loads with asymmetric structure (chiefly, plowlands). The per capital eco-deficit fluctuated largely, emerging since 1985, to some extent, becoming severe in 2005. The eco-footprint pressure index displays an increasing trend from 1985 to 2005. The ecological safety becomes continuously decreasing, undergoing safe, less safe, unsafe, and very unsafe stages. Human’s living and production has a bigger and bigger impact over eco-footprint safety. The land demands and supply will become sharp in the future in Yibin city.

Gold enterprises' acquisition and reconstruction prevails recently. This paper presents that the four-environmental issues shall be taken into consideration during expansion, including geological, social, natural and political environments.

This paper, based on social, economic and natural factors regarding land consolidation projects in Henan province, classifies the land consolidation projects into three zones, priority zone, limited zone and prohibited zone, and establishes a set of index system to evaluate the selective conditions of land consolidation projects.

Land consolidation plays a key role for the sustainable development of land resources and even for the socialeconomic sustainable development. Shanxi province as a new energy base and equipment manufacturing lacks land resources due to its location in loess highland with big erosion, overmined minerals, which necessitates the land consolidation. Over tenyear’s practice, the land consolidation, based on technical study, system innovation and organization construction, contributes largely to the economy in Shanxi province.

The land utilization governance system as a big reform in land management system and land utilization means will produce a far-reaching influence over plowland protection, crop supply, and the relationship among population, plowlands, crop and environment. This paper analyzes the issues and their root causes during implementation of land utilization governance and presents some approaches from transforming people’[KG-*3]s notion, enhancing law and consummating auxiliary system. 

The black soil region as a vital crop area plays a key role in guaranteeing Chinese crop safety. Currently, the black soil region is facing some problems such as soil erosion and degeneration which largely affect the production capacity. The problems stem from two factors, natural and human, but the latter one is the major. This paper analyzes the natural causes and human causes, and presents some approaches to the black soil degeneration, as of significance to protect the black soil and enhance crop production.

The urban cluster in Shandong peninsula as a leading area in economic development in Shandong province is still in the beginning stage of urban cluster development; however, it is one of Chinese vital urban clusters with Qingdao and Ji’nan as two centers, which grows in a form of point to line. This paper, based on the systematism, openness and sustainable development, attempts to establish an urban cluster spatial structural layout for Shandong peninsula in the 21st century with two centers and four axes.

The acquisition and anti-acquisition are surging with the developing globalization. In the April of 2007, the CHALCO （Aluminum Corporation of China Limited） as the leader in alumina industry acquired Shandong Alumina and Lanzhou Alumina and successfully was listed in Hongkong, Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. This kind of acquisition not only embodies the integration as the strategy, but also provides a bigger space for future growth. This paper, aiming at CHALCO’s advantages and disadvantages after acquisition, presents some strategies for CHALCO’s development in the future.