Coal city Liupanshui is currently in the bloom of resources economic development from the development cycles of resources industries, is also at a best time for industrial transition. However, limited by resources, industries, local governments, poor innovation, and cost accumulation, Liupanshui is its plight for mid-transition. This paper aims at these barriers and presents some approaches to industrial transition in Liupanshui.
Mineral resources are a vital material base for human beings to live on and economic development. The sustainable development of mining industry plays a fundamental part in fast and stable economic development. This paper, based on authors’ practice in mining administration, analyzes the significance of mineral resources in guaranteeing a healthy and stable economic development, discusses the problems between mining development and economy, ecology, and environmental protection, and presents some suggestions and approaches to the sustainable development of mining industry in Quanzhou.
This paper, aiming at the availability of copper resources in China, based on the copper resources and their development, establishes a mode, and applies a software system to analyze the availability, with the results showing that 49 copper mining districts out of 317 unmined copper districts can be mined, with big sizes but low economic benefits.Those that can not be mined are small sized with poor economic benefits.The grade-ton curve reflects a low grade in copper ores in China. The basic resources and reserve over 1.25% grade is quite limited. The cost-ton curve displays the available copper resources under different cost conditions in China.
To remain a sustainable development of various mineral resources in western Gansu province, this paper investigates related data and pointed out a series of existing problems such as disproportional exploration and utilization of mineral resources, structural shortage of mineral resources without comprehensive planning, severe waste of resources, and exacerbation of ecological and environmental pollution in mining areas.This paper presents approaches to sustainable development of mineral resources in western Gansu province, including adjusting industrial structure of mineral resources via macroeconomic management, increasing people’s income and reducing expenditure, enhancing geological exploration in mineral resources through attracting investments from various channels, and protecting the ecology and environment up to a way of “green exploration”.This paper also classifies the mineral resources in western Gansu province into three types: mineral resources meeting demands to 2010, mineral resources meeting demands after 2010, and mineral resource of basic or serious shortage, which should be developed and utilized in order.
The energy as a basic drive to global economic development is a base for human beings to live on. China has acquired achievements in economic growth and social progress in the past three decades, which is closely related to a strong energy support.This paper, based on the relationships between energy and national comprehensive power, energy and international relation, and energy and sustainable development, analyzes the influence of energy to the social development, discusses the dilemma in energy development, and presents suggestions for China’s energy development, including erecting the scientific development view, establishing an economizing style in economy and lives, accelerating the marketing reform of energy enterprises, optimizing the energy allocation, improving the technical innovation, setting up an energy development mode fitting China’s situation, optimizing petroleum strategic preservation system and pre-warning system, and improving the petroleum market system.
According to BP’s global energy statistical data 2009, this paper analyzes the status of one-time energy consumption, including oil, gas, coal, hydropower and nuclear energy. In 2008, in the one-time energy consumption, oil 34.8%, gas 24.1%, coal 29.2%. Compared with 1998, the energy consumption quantity has been increased by 27.1%. China as a big consumer of energy is just next to the USA in the one-time energy consumption. The onetime energy consumption structure is chiefly coal, with oil and gas far below the global average level.
Longmenshan area is abundant in tourism resources, typical in its features, with natural landscapes, mountainous climates, mountainous biology, seismic relics, village modality, and mountainous cultural diversity. After 5·12 earthquake, Longmenshans popularity has been increased with big tourism potential in natural landscape, entertainment, geological visit, religionary experience, village vacation. This paper, combined with Longmenshan tourism development environment and resources features, presents a mountainous tourism development strategy based on topic tourism, urban-rural union, point-axes theory, all-in-one, aiming to provide suggestions reconstructing after earthquake and constructing mountainous tourism model area in Longmenshan area.
This paper, based on Jiangxi's statistical data, discusses the relationship between coal production & consumption and economic development, forecasts the future coal demand in Jiangxi province, and forecasts the future energy demand by means of unit production energy consumption method, energy coefficient method and energy consumption per capital, and calculates the other one-time energy consumption except the coal. A reasonable scientific forecast result is achieved via comparison and major coal-consumption unit method. This paper presents approaches to the sustainable development of coal resources in Jiangxi province.
Petroleum exploration and development projects are characterized by large-scale investment and long construction period. It is necessary to track and manage the projects to monitor investment benefit. In order to manage petroleum projects more pertinently, this paper proposes a way of classification management for petroleum projects, designs the program of grade evaluation and builds evaluation indexes system of petroleum projects based on credit rating theory, and then verifies the indexes system, which provide an effective means of tracking and classification management for petroleum projects.
Lijiang river resort, a famous resort in China, is facing changes in its tourism ecological environment after many years' development, which exert impacts over its tourism. Now the worsening tourism ecological environment is catching people's attention. This paper investigates the forms of tourism ecological poverty in Lijiang river resort, analyzes the causes and presents some approaches to the tourism ecological poverty.
This paper, aiming at an unreasoning foreign mining investment of Chinese mining units, by means of core competence theory and FDI theory, clarifies the connotation of the core competence of Chinese mining units to develop foreign resources, applies the matrix method to position the core competence of Chinese mining units, and presents that the international resources integration is the core competence based on a case study.
To improve land utilization benefit is a key factor to promote regional sustainable development. The paper, based on a case study on Tangshan city, Hebei province, from economic, social and ecological benefits of landutilization, establishes an index system to evaluate the land utilization comprehensive benefit. The weights of indexes are determined by Delphi method, AHP, and entropy. This paper evaluates land utilization benefits from 1998 to 2008, analyzes the coordination between the sub-benefit systems, and applies the principal component analysis to study the drives of land utilization benefit, and presents some approaches to land utilization comprehensive benefit and the coordination between the sub-benefit systems.
Industrial zone has become an important field of regional economic development and an important carrier of local industrial development. This paper, based on a case study on Xifeng industrial zone in Gansu province, establishes an evaluation system for industrial zone land utilization, applies the idealized ratios to remove the dimensions of indexes, by means of AHP and Delphi methods to determine the weights of indexes, evaluates the land intensive utilization extent in Xifeng industrial zone via comprehensive intensity scoring method, with the results indicating that the land intensive utilization extent is at an “intensive utilization” level, low intensity in land utilization, low input-output efficiency in industrial land, still in a transition from extensive to intensive utilization. This paper presents some suggestions intensively utilizing land in industrial zones.
The paper, based on the theory of sustainable development, analyzes the current situations of the use of water resources in Hunan from the perspective of sustainable utilization. By means of the coordination coefficient, the sustainable coefficient, the economic coefficient of sustainable use of water resources, the paper makes a comparative longitudinal analysis of water use in Hunan from 2003 to 2007, and a horizontal analysis with Jiangxi and Hubei, with the conclusions that the basis and potential of sustainable use of water resources in Hunan province is good; the coordination of water resources, environment, society, economy are under a warning status; the actual water consumption is too high, especially for industrial utilization; the water pollution and the water waste become more serious, and the sustainability needs improving urgently. In order to improve the ability of the sustainable use of water resources, the paper presents some specific suggestions.
This paper applies regional economic theory and SCP theory of industrial economics to analyze the market structures of the mining industry, focusing on oil & gas, coal, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and non-metallic industry in 12 provinces in western China, concludes that the concentration in coal, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and non-metallic industries is relatively low with a small entry barrier, the concentration in oil-gas industry is high with big entry barrier, the products in this five industries display a low differentiation, monopolization and competition are coexisting in mining industry in low-level disorder. This paper presents approaches to mining industry concentration and efficiency of the mining units.
Mining industry controls are governmental behaviors to legally interfere in mining enterprises and geological units, including economic controls and social controls. As industrialization accelerates, it is necessary to enforce the controls over mining industry due to the unbalanced resource supply-demand, worsening environment, risks and monopolization in mineral development, a poor mining industry control and a drop in geological reports quality. It should clarify the all-level governmental responsibilities-rights-benefits, giving a certain proportional benefits to local governments below provincial governments, boosting the social controls over mining industry, and focusing on safety management, environmental protection, supervision and administration construction.
To protect the mining heritages is guaranteed by a scientific risk assessment, which is based on an appropriate and precise description and expression of risks. Risks are closely related to the success. This paper analyzes the values of mining heritages and anticipated benefits of benefit-holders, discusses the risk connotation of protecting mining heritages from the multi-valued mining heritage resources and its benefit function, clarifies the duality of risk connotation of protecting mining heritages, and gives a clear definition of protecting risks of mining heritages.
The formation and evolution of Tianjin’s tourism resources has been affected by natural environment, historical culture and social-economic environment The combination features of quality tourism resources types at different spatial scales determine the basic direction of resources development. From a narrow view, the tourism resources development shall be based on resources combination, strengthens the tourism functional zoning, in accordance with leisure diversity, fashion and localization, humanity and personalization, elite and original ecology, scenario and experience. From a wide view, the tourism resources development shall abide by resources integration, regional cooperation, complementary advantages principles in order to establish a circum-Bohai regional tourism cooperation mechanism.
This paper, based on a case study on Gucheng village, Ningxia, applies tourism geography, sociology, culture anthropology to explain the impact awareness of rural tourism on social culture, analyzes the socialcultural impact of rural tourism on Hui’s dietetic habit, relatives, female position, nation awareness and moral behaviors, and presents some suggestions developing rural tourism in Ningxia.
This paper, based on the production and lives data from 2002 to 2007 in Beijing, applies the ecological footprint method to analyze the sustainable development in Beijing, with the results showing that the ecological footprint is far bigger that its ecological capacity from 2002 to 2007 in Beijing. Viewing from resources consumption, Beijing now is under an unsustainable development, which requires a change in its strategy to adjust production means, to increase the resources utilization efficiency, and to advocate a sustainable consumption mode.
The sustainable development of tourism is an important field to study the tourism. The ecological footprint theory as of innovation in theory and method, and practice, provides a new means to study the sustainable development of tourism. This paper, based on tourists consumption structures, classifies the ecological footprint of urban tourism into six aspects, transportation, food, accommodation, shopping, touring and entertainment, and evaluates the ecological footprint of tourism in Guilin city with the results indicating that, in Guilin in 2005, the tourism ecological footprint per capital is 0.056 5 hm2, the tourism ecological loading capacity per capital is 0.771 9 hm2, with a tourism ecological deficit per capital up to 0.021 68 hm2, implying an unsustainable development in Guilin's tourism industry. This paper presents some suggestions rationally developing the ecological resources to ensure a sustainable development of tourism industry in Guilin city.
This paper, aiming at an objection in the existing three hierarchies of recycling economy, presents the four hierarchies mode of recycling economy, that is, a new trans-region hierarchy is added between ecological industrial zone hierarchy and the social hierarchy, which is focused on regime construction, on local governmental balanced benefits and on reducing operation cost of recycling economy. This new hierarchy well connected to the ecological industrial zone and society has a bigger similarity with the whole society, of significance to spread and direct. The presence of trans-region recycling economy hierarchy makes the framework of recycling economy one integrity, vital both in practice and in theoretical study.
As China’s economy and society develop, the contradiction between resources and demands has become abruptly, which requires a guarantee of resources under a support of capital market. This paper expands the position and effect of capital market in mineral exploration development that the capital market is not only a major financing tool, but also a vital drive to mining companies, as the capital market development can optimize the mineral resources management, and analyzes the main problems in capital market, such as lack of risk exploration capital market and management system and industrial standards, lack of risk funds, and unsound agency services, and presents four suggestions developing the capital market for mineral exploration in China.
The natural resources constraint has two forms, shortage and excess. A short of natural resources supply will limit the economic development, so does an excess. This paper briefly discusses the definition of natural resources constraint and its impact to economic development, analyzes the features of natural resources constraint in Chinese economic development, causes and its impact to economic development, and presents some approaches to the natural resources constraint.
As globalization goes on, the marketing competition in the mining industry exert a pressure over Chinese mining units in reducing cost, increasing efficiency and adding values to mineral products. This paper analyzes the necessity of applying network technology in marketing competition in mining industry, presents some means to use the network technology, and discusses how to add values to mineral products during trading based on network technology. Through a case study, this paper presents a perspective to apply the network technology in the mining market.
The renewable resource industry, conducive for saving resources and protecting environment, is an ecological means to the economic and social sustainable development in Lishui city, and of significance for eco-economic development. Lishui city holds favorable conditions to accelerate the industrial development of renewable resources, still facing some problems, but can promote the sustainable development of eco-economy by means of economic policies, more investment in science and education, establishing a recycling network, establishing a self-discipline system and longterm monitoring system, and forming Lishui mode to develop the renewable resource industry based on cooperation.
It is key to clarify the relationship between energy and capital for government to make energy-saving taxation policies During 2002 to 2007, the capital and energy had an obvious substitution in 28 industries in China's manufacturing. The Morishima elasticities of substitution ratios δMKEand δMEK in highly-consuming energy industries are small and no big difference. The effects could be the same in increasing the energy utilization efficiency if governments apply taxation to adjust the energy price or to adjust the energy-saving equipment investment; however, the ratios in lowly-consuming energy industries are bigger and with big difference. If the energy price is remained unchanged, the effects of a taxation policy to encourage enterprises to invest in energy-saving equipments are bigger in lowly-consuming energy enterprises than in highly-consuming energy enterprises, and the effects of a taxation policy to adjust the energy price are bigger than the effects of a taxation policy to adjust equipment costs in saving energy.
China's fast economic development needs a high level of geological human resources, who are currently most from geological universities or geological major. Due to some causes, geological units especially the basic geological units are short of geological human resources. This paper, based on the supply of human resources to basic geological units, studies the salary and working environment that the geological human resources are mainly concerned, concludes that the salary satisfaction plays a key role for geological graduates to select to work in a basic geological unit, but the working environment is not a big factor. This paper gives a suggestion improving the supply of human resources to basic geological units, including increasing salary, project management and setting up institutes in medium-big cities.
Land utilization planning is high-level, strategic and integrated spatial planning in a country or an area, and is a vital base for macroscopic control including development, utilization, and protection. China's land planning is focused on land and resources development, utilization and integration. The new land planning, directed by the scientific development concept, shall remove the dual urban-rural economic structures, and renovate the planning methods, providing a macroscopic reference for governments to make policies, and more important, improving a harmonious development of society.
This paper, based on Jiangsu's statistical data in the recent 8 years, analyzes the evolution progresses of gross industrial production structures and employment structures in three times, applies DEA method to calculate the industrial input & output efficiency, and discusses the change rules of Jiangsu's industrial structures. Combined with industrial structural optimization theory and nation's policies, this paper concludes that Jiangsu's industrial structure is in an optimized status.
Mineral rights service agencies are an important part in the mineral right market construction. In China, the practice of mineral rights assessment was started from the beginning of 1990s. The mining rights shall not be traded, rented or mortgaged, but the geological results had been assessed in practice. In order to supervise and manage the professional agency service, the MLR has made a series of systems since 1998. This paper, mainly based on system construction and development, institution establishment and development, and problems of professional agency services in mineral rights trading, presents suggestions to optimize the agency services.
Resources-exhausted cities facing a shortage in resources need to adjust their industrial structure. This paper analyzes the successful cases in resources-exhausted cities worldwide, presents that the undertaking industrial transfer is an effective path to the sustainable development in resources-exhausted cities, and explains the effect of undertaking industrial transfer.This paper, based on a case study on Tongchuan city, studies all effects from undertaking industrial transfer, aiming at providing reference for other resources-based cities with their sustainable development.
Gross regulation is an important macro-control to adapt the output of mineral resources to the total quantity of market demand. It plays a significant role in reasonable exploitation and utilization and protection of mineral resources. Inner Mongolia, as the important coal production base, implements total control of coal resources, which not only promotes the upgrading of coal industry and the extension of clean energy, but also effectively safeguards the supply and demand balance and sustainable development of national resources. By regulating the mining output, delivering mining rights, and restricting admittance conditions, the gross regulation could be helpful to supervise mining actions, effectively control superior mineral resources, protect and consolidate the market status and whole competitiveness of superior mineral resources.
The green barriers, originated from the deep of society, politics and economy, have dual character intrinsically, which protect the environment, but hamper the trading. To be facing such a challenge, we shall envisage the reasonableness for protecting environment and making for sustainable development of social economy. Through the implementation of the internalization of environmental costs, the distortion of the product price and the market failures can be corrected by the externality of environmental costs, the resources allocation can be optimized in the efficient market system, the problem whether trade and environment can coordinate can be resolved fundamentally.Finally, it will guide the development of enterprises to green and break the green barrier to achieve economic and environmental benefits of “win-win”.China should adopt certain trade aid measures corresponding to the unreasonable ones, and construct green barrier to defend legal rights and interests.
Fuel cell power generation is a new technique of power generation after water, fire and nuclear power.Along with the continuous development, hydrogen fuel cell technology and products gradually enter the promotion and application stage. R&D of fuel cell vehicles, using high technology to transform the traditional auto industry to achieve a leap in the development of China’s automobile industry, now is facing with excellent opportunities. This paper, from the whole system of industrial technology development strategy, analyzes the research status globally and the pros and cons of all vehicle alternative energies, studies the industry policies of new energy vehicles and presents a strategy to develop the new energy vehicles.
In the two decades prior to 1983, Australia pursued economic policies in relation to its energy resources security which could broadly be described as nationalism.Governments of the day intervened in development decisions in an effort to enhance the national interest. Since 1883, along with the deregulation of the Australian economy as a whole, the energy resources policies were liberated. Australia’s energy security policies, since the beginning of this century, tended to be nationalism, proven by its gas reservation policy. To some degree, policies makers tend to treat it as a path to energy security, or believe it can attain political support.
The concept of sustainable development was put forward first in the UN People and Environment seminar hold in Stockholm in 1927. Since then, all countries have been working on defining the sustainable development.The widely-accepted definition is not only to satisfy the contemporary people’s needs, but also to meet people’s demands in the future, aiming at economic development and natural resources and environment protection. The core is harmonious development among resources, economy and environment. Now the world is short in energy, China’s energy development must take the sustainable development. How to achieve the sustainable development of energy, economy and environment is a huge task for all countries in the world.This paper, based on the status of China’s economy and energy, and globally, designs three plans for energy development pending for selection, applies the sustainable development principles and mathematic analysis to study the three plans from environment and economy, and presents one energy development plan adaptable for China’s sustainable development.
The traditional evaluation methods of intensive land utilization are highly influenced by subjective factors, thus the evaluation results are not accurate enough. This paper sets up the BP neural network model of urban intensive land utilization evaluation to study urban land utilization of Ezhou, Hubei. The results show that urban land utilization of Ezhou is at medium intensive level, which is consistent with the actual land utilization in Ezhou.
Using annual data 1980—2008, the nexus between iron ore import volume and economic growth in China is investigated within a multivariate framework which includes import volume (IM), consumption (CN) and GDP, with results showing that there is a long-run equilibrium between import volume and the two other variables. The Granger causality test shows that there is oneway Granger causality relationship from IM to CN and GDP. The generalized impulse response and variance decomposition analysis reveal that the impact of the consumption of import volume is much larger than that of GDP, and that longterm impact of consumption is very important, but not remarkable in a short term.
This paper applies the super-DEA model to evaluate the urban land utilization efficiency in Chengdu city with results indicating an efficiency ranking in DEA-effective cities, high to low, Qingyang district, Jinjiang district, Wuhou district, Jinniu district, Wenjiang district, Chenghua district, Xindu district, Pixian county, Longquanyi district, Qingbaijiang district, Chongzhou city, Xinjin county, and Shuangliu district. The cities with invalid DEA include Jintang county, Pujiang county, Pengzhou city, Dujiangyan city, Qionglai city, and Dayi county. In general, Chengdu city has a high land utilization efficiency, while other cities with invalid DEA need improvement in their land utilization efficiency.
