Table of Content

20 December 2011, Volume 13 Issue 6

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES CITIES

A SUCCESSFUL TRANSFORMATION OF HUANGSHI RESOURCE  EXHAUSTED  CITY  AS DRIVEN BY CIRCULAR ECONOMY

FANG Yue-mei, ZHANG Xiao-ling

2011, 13(6):  1-5. 

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Huangshi as typical resources-based city can not avoid its economic transformation due to limits and unrenewables of resources. To develop the circular economy is the way. Huangshi in accordance with the strategy of circular economy constructs circular industry, agriculture, service and society four systems, creates ten circular industrial links, cultivates ten key enterprises, builds three demonstration zones and three ecological agricultural bases, selects a set of key projects and supporting technologies, which can set up Huangshi-featured circular economic developing mode leading to a successful transformation and boosting a sustainable development in its economy, society and ecology.

REVIEW ON TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA’S RESOURCES  BASED CITIES

HU Li-mei

2011, 13(6):  6-10. 

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 Due to a limit in resources, resources-based cities attempt to seek for transformation to keep a sustainable development. This paper, based on a review of related researches, concludes that domestic studies are focused on their industrial transformation and policies, evaluation system and planning from geography, economics and management. Different methods are applied to analyze the issues and approaches are suggested, but not enough in study perspective and foreseeing. The future studies shall be concentrated on a comprehensive perspective and predict the coming issues and present approaches to promote a smooth transformation.

INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION IN CHINA’S RESOURCESBASED CITIES

GAO Tian-ming, SHEN Lei, LIU Yue-Xiang, JIANG Rong-Rong

2011, 13(6):  11-18. 

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This paper uses industrial structure change rate to analyze the resources industrial structural changes; and uses industrial structural deviation to analyze the coordination of industrial structure; and uses shiftshare method to analyze the reason for the changes of industrial structure. A change intensity in resources-based cities is stronger than the whole China with outstanding individual variance. Their industrial coordination is better but variable in coordinated industries. From 1999 to 2008, their economic development is largely contributed to industrial structural transfer and China’s economic growth. The quota of regional competitiveness needs increasing. China’s growth quota displays a 3-2-1 time diminishing effect among eastcentralwest China. The industrial structural transfer is a major drive, the second industry promote notably the economy. The resources-based cities shall focus on competitiveness, and emerging industries and structural adjustment.

REFERENCE AND MECHANISM OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENERGY  SAVING AND EMISSION REDUCTION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

HUANG De-lin, CHEN Hong-bo, YANG Ying-yun

2011, 13(6):  19-23. 

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Energy saving and emission reduction is a complex social systematic project, which needs public participation and is indispensable to build socialist democracy society and boost ecological civilization. Developed countries preliminary established a comparatively sound public participation mechanism in their long developing process. Based on the summary of the developed countries’public participation in energy conservation and emission reduction mechanism, this paper presents suggestions in clarifying the relation between public participation and governmental administration, cultivating ecological citizen, and setting up a sound system.

CONSTRUCTION OF LAND USE PLANNING MODEL OF COORDINATION AND COMPENSATION IN REGIONS WITH DIFFERENT DEVELOPING LEVELS

WANG Ya-hua, ZHANG Xiao-lin, SUN Zai-Hong, YUAN Yuan, LU Yi-Xun

2011, 13(6):  24-29. 

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The current land use planning model which developed in the planned economy is not flexible for the new situation in regional economic and social development, and faces troubles in developed and under-developed regions. This paper, based on the land resources features and the supply-demand in these regions, studies the core of land use planning, structural adjustment and layout optimization, establishes a land use planning model of coordination and compensation from outside and inside of regions. Under governmental macroscopic controls, marketing mechanism is adopted to construction an index coordination system. Furthermore, industrial structure and spatial structure are adjusted largely to drive their optimization. This model can materialize an efficient allocation of land resources spatially, stimulate a change in land use method and improve a coordinated development among regions.

DILEMMA AND APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL LAWCONSTRUCTION OF ORE RESOURCES EXPLORATION IN CHINA

ZHANG Xing, Wang Ling-Yun

2011, 13(6):  30-33. 

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Ore resources are a vital base for economic and social development. China’s fast economic growth requires a surging demand of ore resources, leading to a rising disturbance to environment. A balance between ore resources development and environmental protection can not be avoided. This paper, from legislation, execution and justice, analyzes the dilemma in environmental law construction of ore resources exploration, and presents approaches in publicizing laws and regulations, optimizing legislation, enhancing execution and justice, and improving management, which provide a theoretical suggestion for the sustainable development in economy and society, and also provide an index in monitoring and managing ore resources development and a guide in practice.

LAND INTENSIVE USE IN MINING AREA

WEN Liang-liang, BAI Zhong-Ke, ZHOU Wei

2011, 13(6):  34-38. 

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This paper, aiming at a severe situation in land use in China and importance in land intensive use in mining areas, expands the connotation of land intensive use in mining area according to land intensive use theory, and discusses the issues, including an extensive land use, destroyed land resources by mining, and poor land rehabilitation, and presents approaches to land intensive use in mining areas from four aspects: system and supervision, planning and control, rehabilitation and ecology, and focus on efficiency.

TEMPORALSPATIAL FEATURES AND SPATIAL FLEXIBILITY OF CHINA’S PROVINCIAL    CONSTRUCTIONOCCUPIED FARMLAND 

LU Ru-Cheng, HUANG Xian-Jin

2011, 13(6):  39-44. 

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Since 1999, the scale of China’s provincial construction-occupied farmland fluctuated. During 1999 to 2007, a spatial distribution analysis indicates a clear concentration, high in southeast China and low in northwest China. This paper, based on flexibility analysis and spatial quantitative economic model, uses spatial weighted matrix to discuss the fixed asset investment and GDP per cap on provincial construction-occupied farmland, with results indicating that sensitivity rises to the fixed asset investment, but falls to GDP per cap. A change in fixed asset investment contributes a lot to the unit constructionoccupied farmland.

DEMAND PREDICTION FOR FARMLAND IN PUXIAN COUNTY IN SHANXI PROVINCE

ZHANG Ting, YUAN Chun, QIAN Ming-Jie, YUAN Tao

2011, 13(6):  45-50. 

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Farmland reserve is a key index in farmland use planning. It is of significance to predict the gross farmland demand in protecting farmland and in maintaining a dynamic balance. This paper applies five prediction methods, food security, trend extrapolation, single factor drive model, multiple linear regression and sector demand, to predict the gross farmland quantity in Puxian county in Shanxi province by using SPSS software. This paper compares the selected prediction methods and determines the final farmland quantity in 2010 and 2020, providing reference for making farmland protection polices in the new land use planning.

A CASE STUDY ON NINGCHENG NATIONAL GEOPARK IN INNER MONGOLIA: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGIFCAL HERITAGES IN FOSSIL GEOPARK

GUO Jing, TIAN Ming-Zhong, LIU Si-Wen

2011, 13(6):  51-56. 

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China has over 20 fossil geoparks where the main protected target is fossils and are of high values due to their specialty and rarity. Compared with other terrain geoparks, fossil parks attract rushing tourists by their fossil resources although they lack landscape scene. An objective evaluation on their fossil resources is of significance in protecting and developing geoparks. Ningcheng national geopark, located in Inner Mongolia, owns Daohugou fossils, hot spring, Quaternary glacier heritage, granite terrain and other tourism resources. This paper uses fuzz evaluation method to set up a hierarchy fuzz evaluation model, calculates the geological heritage resources and acquires a quantitative result. The geological heritage resources can classified into three hierarchies, which provides reference for the protection, development and construction of Ningcheng national geopark.

PREDICTION OF CHENGDU〖DK〗’S FARMLAND RESERVE BASED ON SYSTEM BALANCE

LIU Qian, RAN Rui-ping

2011, 13(6):  57-61. 

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Urbanization leads to a fall in farmland. Prediction of farmland reserve can provide a base for farmland protection. This paper, based on a case study on Chengdu in 2009, establishes three population prediction models to assume the population scale of Chengdu in 2015 and 2020, analyzes Sichuan’s population, grain yield, cropping, and applies the farmland demand prediction model to forecast the Chengdu’s farmland reserve based on its food security. The results show that popular migration has become the main source of rising population, with 13 069 thousand people in 2020, the farmland reserve is 323 458 hm², with a gap of 33 019 hm² to the forecasted result. If at the current farmland consuming rate, the farmland reserve will not reach the predicted result, which requires to control the population and to protect the farmland and to increase the crop yield.

EVALUATION OF BEIJING’S LAND RESOURCES LOAD CAPACITY BASED ON MEAN VARIANCE ANALYSIS

GUO Yan-hong

2011, 13(6):  62-66. 

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This paper, based on a brief introduction to Beijing’s development, sets up an index system to evaluate the land resources load capacity from population, construction scale, economy and ecology, applies mean variance analysis to evaluate Beijing’s land resources load capacity, and shows that, during 2004 to 2008, population load which is of high capacity and ecological load rose continuously; construction scale load fell with a low capacity; and economic load rose at a higher capacity. In general, Beijing’s land resources comprehensive load capacity is always rising until 2008. This paper presents approaches to Beijing’s land resources load capacity.

SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF LAND REHABILITATION IN NEWLYCONSTRUCTED MINES

ZHANG Ji-dong, BAI Zhong-ke, CUI Yan

2011, 13(6):  67-69. 

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Land suitability evaluation during land rehabilitation fixes the future land utilization based on a comprehensive analysis on destroyed lands. Lands, as a hybrid of nature, society and economy, bear a special attribute, which determines the functional difference under different inputs and rehabilitation. Time must be considered while evaluating. Evaluation shall cover the land natural attributes and social-economic conditions before and after land destroying. The suitability for land with surface subsidence by underground mining shall be focused on farmland and unused land, and on its original status if farmland. Waste dumping land can be determined by experience and analogy based on its stability. A precondition for dumping land at opencast pit is to ensure its ecological function while rehabilitation and a suitability class shall be given.

PATHS, ISSUES AND APPROACHES TO LAND USE IN URBAN FRINGES

GONG Zhao-xian

2011, 13(6):  70-73. 

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Urban fringe is transition zone between rural and urban, where the land use is a special dynamic process and leads to special impacts and issues. This paper analyzes the land use process, paths and impacts in urban fringes with results showing that there are many paths in land use that have impacts over construction costs of future urban development, ecology and farming. A series of issues such as low land use efficiency from leaving idle, eco-regression from frequent changes, wasting land resources from crude land use arise. This paper presents approaches to the land use process during urban fringe entering into urban area, including maximizing land use efficiency, optimized land use paths and allocating construction land step by step.

HOT SPOTS IN CHINA’S NEW ORE RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSOLIDATION

SHAN Liang, XU Pei-gen, WANG Shi-tang, SHI Deng-feng, QU Hong-gang, ZHANG Wen-yi, XU Yong-zhong

2011, 13(6):  74-78. 

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1Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China; 2Shandong Exploration Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ji’nan 250013, China;  3Strategic Research Center for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100034, China;  4Chinese Academy of Land and Resource Economics, Beijing 101149, China; 5Shenhua Group, Beijing 100011, China;     6    China National Gold Group Corporation, Beijing 100011, China

SITUANTION AND APPROACHES TO CHINA’S ORE RESOURCES SECURITY

ZHAO Yang, JU Mei-ting, SHEN Lei

2011, 13(6):  79-83. 

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Ore resources security refers to a nation’s capacity in obtaining all needed ore resources during economic and social development, and in maintaining a sustainable development of ecological environment. As China has stepped into a post-industrilization stage, ore resources play a paramount role. A fast industrilizaiton and urbanization requires a rising demand for ore resources. However, ore resources have been over mined for a long time leading to a tight ore resource supply. Ore resources crisis will become a bottleneck to China’s economy if the current developing methods and managements prevail. This paper, analyzes the situation of China’s ore resources and sets up a safe ore resource security system in strategic ore resources reserve, comprehensive use and overseas exploitation.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORKS DRIVEN BY DEMANDS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

ZHANG Yu

2011, 13(6):  84-89. 

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This paper, based on China’s economic and social developing stage, expands its economic features at different stages, and analyzes the geological works demand laws. This paper gives a summary of geological work features of post industrialization in foreign countries, discusses the resource issues and presents opportunities and challenges from economic globalization and sustainable development. China will have a strong demand for geological survey before 2020, especially focusing on environmental geology, basic geology, ore resources, resources utilization technology, and geological services.

VIEWS ON OPTIMIZING PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIES PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

ZHANG Xiao-min, HUANG Yu-qun, ZHANG Xiao-hai

2011, 13(6):  90-93. 

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Performance Appraisal is a key part of human resources. Effective appraisal can stipulate employee’s participation and improve their performance. This paper analyzes the issues in performance appraisal of professional libraries, and presents, based on experiences, a scientific means to evaluate employee’s performance of professional libraries, which can provide a reference for the professional performance.

STATUS AND APPROACHES TO CHINA’S TOURISM EARTH SCIENCE

GUO Fu-sheng, ZHANG Guo-qing, JIANG Fu-Wei, JIANG Yong-Biao, YE Zhang-huang

2011, 13(6):  94-100. 

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Tourism earth science is a new and compound subject that applies geology, geography, tourism, planning and aesthetics to provide services in surveying, assessing, planning, developing and protecting geological tourism resources. It has over 20year’s history in China and promotes the protection and sustainable development of geological heritages. Geoparks are a good example. Its development requires a synchronous or prior development of its subjects. This paper discusses the sense of its subject to earth science and tourism, and studies the status from subject setting, textbook contents and education hierarchy, and analyzes the issues in subject setting and presents approaches and suggestions.

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA

YANG Bo-yong, BAO Zheng-yu, DONG Zhi-cheng, Sisay Ayalew Amera, Yonas Bekele

2011, 13(6):  101-105. 

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Based on vast references and field investigation, this paper gives a brief overview of the metallic mineral resources of Ethiopia. Its metal deposits are mainly distributed in western, northern and southern greenstone belts. The underlain geology of Ethiopia ranges from Precambrian to recent formation. The low grade meta-volcano-sedimentary assemblages with most of the economic mineral deposits that include gold, platinum group elements (PGE), nickel, base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn), phosphate, iron, decorative stones, etc. The Mesozoic sediments host the natural fuel minerals and some metallic ores like malachite, manganese, gypsiferous minerals. Results show that there are good exploitation potentials of metallic mineral resources in Ethiopia, including gold and platinum, nickel, copper, columbium and tantalum, and uranium (thorium) etc.

ENRICHMENT FEATURES OF GALLIUM IN SHANXI’S BAUXITE DEPOSITS

YANG Zhong-hua, SUN Si-lei, MENG Jian-yin

2011, 13(6):  106-109. 

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Gallium (Ga) as a dispersed element is widely distributed in bauxites. Shanxi province abounds in bauxite resources. This paper, based on Shangwutou bauxite in Qinyuan county, Shiqiang bauxite in Yuanping city, Huilong and Pangjiazhuang bauxites in Lüliang city and Yangqu bauxite in Taiyuan city, measures the Ga content in bauxites and in clay layers, and analyzes its enrichment features and rules. Ga is not high in bauxites, only can be recovered in Shiqiang bauxite, and shows a increasing trend northward. In clay layers, Ga is extensively high, all can be recovered, but no obvious spatial rules.

DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN NATURAL GAS AND ITS ORIGIN MECHANISM

HE Wei, TANG Da-zhen, YAN Qi-tuan, XU Hao, WANG Hai-hua, LIN Wen-ji

2011, 13(6):  110-116. 

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Mercury in natural gas is harmful to the oil and gas processing equipments and natural environment. The statistic data of mercury content in natural gas worldwide show that mercury abundance depends upon their hosting rocks, is higher in coal than that in oil. In some oilgas basins, mercury abundance is high thanks to deep faults, magma and deep geological progresses. It has two origins, organic and inorganic, which define mercury content in natural gas.

CLARIFICATION ON LEGAL ATTRIBUTE OF FRANCHISE RIGHT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

YAN Hai, WU Qiong

2011, 13(6):  117-121. 

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The franchise right of natural resources is a right, granted by administration, to develop the natural resources within specified area through operator’s prior application. The franchise is key base of resource marketing allocation. It is a core to clarify its legal attribute of franchise right of natural resources, as a main part of natural resource ownership. In principle, the franchise right is a private right bearing attribute of public right. According to the benefits of objects, the private rights can be classified into personal and property rights. The franchise right belongs to the latter. Obligation right can protect the franchise right of natural resources, but can not replace its object right positioning. The both mechanisms, with focus on real right, are mutually working to reach the aims of the franchise right of natural resources. In details, the franchise right of natural resources belongs to the usufructuary right and has become a vital component of usufructuary rights.

EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUES OF KANAS NATURAL RESERVE BASED ON LUCC

LI Cai, LI Xiao-dong, HYMIT Yimit

2011, 13(6):  122-127. 

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This paper, according to Kanas natural reserve’s land use/cover changes (LUCC) in 1980 and in 2005, determines the ecosystem service value of unit area in Kanas natural reserve, and evaluates its changes that decreased from RMB 3 728.9 million in 1980 to RMB 3 635.1 million in 2005. The single ecosystem service value in maintaining biological diversity, climatic adjustment and soil drops unevenly, indicating a regression in its ecoenvironment. This paper suggests in developing rationally resources and keeping a safe and sound ecosystem and reaching sustainable development in Kanas natural reserve.

SPATIAL QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ON CHINA’S REGIONALCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION CONVERGENCE

CHEN Qing-qing, LONG Zhi-he

2011, 13(6):  128-134. 

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A rise in China’s regional carbon dioxide emission becomes a focus. This paper calculates the quantities of carbon dioxide emission in 30 provinces from 1997 to 2007, and applies a spatial economic measure to study the β convergence of China’s regional carbon dioxide emission. Revealed by the 11-year’s data, there is no absolute convergence, but conditional converse at a speed of 1.04% after controlling economic growing speed and remaining energy consuming structures. Temporally, a notable spatial relativity happened during 1997 to 2002, and absolute and conditional convergence also existed at a speed of 2.49% and 1.74%, respectively. During 2002 to 2007, there is no spatial relativity and no absolute and conditional convergence. Furthermore, economic growth speed and coal consumption ratio have an impact on carbon dioxide emission. It is a workable means to keep a stable economic growth and to optimize the energy consumption structures.

DOMINANT COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION OF  XINJIANG’S ENERGY INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS

ZHANG Na-na, SUN Hui, LIU Yuan-yuan

2011, 13(6):  135-140. 

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This paper, based on industrial cluster theory, uses principal component analysis (PCA) to establish an index system to evaluate the dominant competitiveness of energy industrial cluster, and applies SPSS16.0 software to analyze the factors, and identifies the principal factor influencing the dominant competitiveness in Xinjiang’s energy industry. According to Xinjiang’s 2003 to 2007 data, this paper measures their dominant competitiveness in Xinjiang’s  nine black energy-related industries. The results show that in Xinjiang’s black energy industrial clusters petroleum is stronger than coal, but with a short industrial chain and a low added value, meaning a low dominant competitiveness in Xinjiang’s black energy industrial clusters. In order to transform the resources advantages into industrial or economic advantages, this paper presents approaches to dominant competitiveness of Xinjiang’s energy industrial clusters.

ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION DURING ORE RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

KANG Xin-li, PAN Jian, Bai Zhong-ke

2011, 13(6):  141-147. 

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Ecological compensation for ore resources is of great significance to the sustainable development of Chinese economy and society, but study on this aspect is still little. This paper compares the relevant researches of ecological compensation in domestic and abroad, studies the impact of mining activities on ecological environment, and classifies the environmental cost in ore resources development into prevention cost, environmental destroying cost and rehabilitation cost, and presents suggestions on compensation system. Based on review of China’s ecological compensation laws regarding ore resources, this paper forms a compensation system for ore resources from policies, guarantee, compensation undertaker and beneficiary, means and standard.

A CASE STUDY ON GUANGDONG LECONG TOWN FURNITURE INDUSTRY CLUSTER:COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF SMALL TOWN CIRCULAR ECONOMIC   DEVELOPMENT UNDER MARKET ECONOMY

LI Ke-wen, XIAN Shang-de, CHENG Xiao-lian, ZHONG Ning-ning, LI Bian-zhuo

2011, 13(6):  148-156. 

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Under market economy, a complete circular economy model based on material closed-loop flow is confined by environment, technology and moral, breaking market input/output law and stopping most economic units. This paper, according to “3R” principles and Lecong furniture circular economy status, sets up an index system to assess its circular economy. The conclusion indicates that there is a complete industrial chain has not been formed and can not reach “Zero emission”, but bears a basic feature of circular economy making it powerful and feasible. It is an effective means for small town to develop the circular economy in single industrial cluster and can be of reference for other small towns in the future.

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES OF SICHUAN’S INBOUND TOURISM MARKET

GUO Jian-ying, XIONG Ming-jun

2011, 13(6):  157-161. 

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A temporal and spatial change analysis is a base to make a regional tourism development strategy. This paper, according to Sichuan inbound tourism 2000-2009 information, analyzes its concentration and preference extent, and reveals a temporal and spatial change of Sichuan’s inbound tourism market. The seasonal concentration index lies between 0.088 to 0.118, indicating an even yearly allocation and no clear seasonal difference. A low concentration index from Hongkong and Japan is quite lower than other regions. The geographic concentration index is continuously declining, which means a decentralizing inbound tourism market distribution. The region distribution varies largely, mainly concentrating in Chengdu and Aba. A new rise is forming along Leshan, Suining, Ziyang and Ganzi. The gross preference extent is also descending, implying a lowering competitiveness in Sichuan’s inbound tourism.

A CASE STUDY ON WUXI: TOURISM MARKETING IN URBAN CIRCLE BASED ON REACHABILITY

SHEN Min, ZHOU Yong-bo

2011, 13(6):  162-167. 

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 Reachability is one of key factors of developing tourism land and plays a vital role in its suitability and marketing competitiveness. The transport of tourism land and its outer has been studied as a major of reachability for a long term, which has become an important index to measure the reachability. This paper, based on a case study on Wuxi, applies ARCGIS9.2 and SPSS16.0 to process the spatial data and market data of urban reachability, and calculates its urban reachability level, analyzes the tourists market characters in different reachable regions, and presents market measures for urban tourism.