Table of Content

20 February 2014, Volume 16 Issue 1

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES CITIES

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCES-BASEDCITIES BASED ON PSE-C MODEL

GAO Yu

2014, 16(1):  1-7. 

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This paper establishes an index system to evaluate resources-based cities'vulnerability，and uses improved PES-C model to evaluate yulin’s vulnerability from 2001－2011.The results show an optimal operating system while the value of vulnerability equals to the coefficient of mining stage，but in a critical state which，if broken，will be abruptly rising by losing stability.Therefore，in order to realize the sustainable development of resources-based cities，the value of vulnerability should approach the coefficient of mining stage from the left as far as possible.Yulin’s pressure index reached a certain height in 2011，far over flexibility’s loading limit，leading to a rising sensitivity. Hence，yulin’s follow-up is to decrease pressure and sensitivity and to increase flexibility.A scientific way makes sense to resources-based cities.

RISKS IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION IN RESOURCES-BASED CITIES

XUE Bing

2014, 16(1):  8-12. 

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The characteristics of industrial transformation risks inresources-based cities are studied.According to the controllability，the risks can be identified and studied from system risks and non-system risks，and prevention is accordingly raised.In China，The risks are marked by high possibility，variability，diversity，hierarchy，regularity，controllability and profitability.The system risks includesocial，economic，technical and policyrisks，and the non-system risks involve leading industry selection，industrial transformation modes and opportunities selection，finance，human resources and environmental protection，which ar epreventable through appropriate leading industry，technical environment improvement，attracting foreign investment and sustainable development in order to reach a smooth industrial transformation.

RESOURCES STRATEGY

RISKS AND APPROACHES ININVESTING FOREIGN MINING

WU Bin

2014, 16(1):  13-17. 

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Risks are always with investing foreign mining sector，which makes it necessary to analyze risks in advance to avoid loss.This paper analyzes Chinese investors’ advantages and experiences in investing foreign mining，combined with Junefield Group‘s Don Javier project in Peru，and presents eight approaches to the risks，which come from resources，policies，labor rights，nationalism，community，terrorism and wars，including identifying the proportion of resources risk，operating projects in accordance with commercial rules，abiding by local situation in viewing deposits，not expanding mining rights blindly，selecting appropriate foreign partners，knowing when to quit and positioning in exploration market.

SWOT ANALYSIS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT OF HAINAN’S ZIRCON-TITANIUM SAND INDUSTRY

ZHOU Zhou，ZHANG Jia-you,FU Yang-rong，ZHOU Fang-fang，YANG Yi，ZHANG Gu-chen

2014, 16(1):  18-22. 

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This paper，in order to minimize investment risks and acquire a better profit，uses SWOT to analyze the factors of overseas development of Hainan’s zircon-titanium sand industry and presents suggestions. Hainan’s zircon titanium sand industry is of strength in overseas development in industrial base，technical management，market and overseas Chinese，has such exchange platforms as Boao Asia forum，China-Africa cooperation forum and has the chance of international mining industry adjustment. However it is short of capital and talents，and it has poor anti-risk ability，being dominated by global capital and undetermined price. This paper presents suggestions from acting the leading role in geology and mining，strengthening social communication through mining investment，boosting competitiveness and combining exploration with production.

DEVELOPMENT OF TIGHT OIL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON INTERNATIONAL OIL PRICE

HOU Ming-yang，ZHOU Qing-fan

2014, 16(1):  23-28. 

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This paper，based on an introduction to the development situation of tight oil globally，analyzes its future influence on international oil price. Its development can restrain oil price from rising，but not falling largely. The reasons include that its production and cost does not support the falling price. In an open market，development of tight oil will hold oil price，from external consumption market and internal production，to its profitable balanced price. OPEC’s surplus production capacity has a competition with tight oil production，which does not support a big jump of international oil price.

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

STUDY ON ENERGY MINERALS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ORDOS BASIN

HUANG Qi，YU Guang，HE Da-yi

2014, 16(1):  29-33. 

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Ordos basin abounds in energy resources with significance to China‘s economy. In order to promote the reasonable development and utilization of mineral resources in Ordos basin，this paper，based on references，data and field investigation，analyzes the exploration and development situation of energy resources，including oil，gas，coal，coalbed methane and uranium，finds issues such as imbalanced exploration，low development efficiency，overlapping mining rights and poor management，discusses the causes and presents suggestions from ideas，organization setting，management policy and approaches.

STRUCTURE AND OPTIMIZATION OF CHINA‘S GEOLOGICAL TALENTS

CAO Xi-shen

2014, 16(1):  34-37. 

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This paper，based on authorized data and site investigation to geological survey，finds out the issues of China‘s geological talents，less in young，highly educated，hydrology，geology，leader，compound and international talents，and being unreasonably distributed，and presents approaches to optimization，including training geological engineers by out standing engineers program，developing leader talents by distinguished talents program，implementing geology-economy compound talents training program，introducing and fostering international talents，perfecting the regulation mechanism of geology major structure in colleges and universities oriented by the national strategy and market demand，deepening reform of geological work system to accelerate the corporatization process of geological surveys.

LAND COORDINATION TRANSFER MODES DURING NEW URBANIZATION：VIEWING FROM JIAXING’S“TWO SEPARATIONS AND TWO EXCHANGES”

XU Bao-gen，HAN Lu，CHEN Jia-li

2014, 16(1):  38-43. 

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Based on the land system reform practice of“two separations and two exchanges”in Jiaxing，Zhejiang Province，this paper applies land development right theory and coordination theory to discuss new urbanization，rural-urban coordination and reconciled development，and rural land coordination transfer during industry and population agglomeration. Jiaxing’s“two separations and two exchanges”practice is an example of pushing new urbanization and rural-urban reconciled development，in accordance with china’s land reform’s future，but it confronts the restricts of capital and land planning，which can find solutions，viewing from people’s urbanization，land intensive use and farmland protection，in the structure regulation of rural landtransfer，the price formation and evaluation of land development rights，profits coordination，intensive land use and farmland protection，policies and regulation ssupport.

SOLUTION TO CHINA’S“RESOURCE CURSE”

LIN Yan-hua

2014, 16(1):  44-50. 

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This paper constructs resource curse coefficient to study the relation between resource advantages and ecosocial development，uses 2005－2011 data to verify the existence of resource curse，and analyzes the economic developing modesin resource-rich regions based on cases. Some areas in China are indeed trapped in“resource curse”，which is derived from solitary industry，imbalanced structure，deteriorating external conditions and heavy environmental costs.This paper presents solutions from adjusting industrial structure，developing new industries，reforming resource fee and tax system，enhancing compensation，improving investing environment，attracting external capital，intensifying management，constructing unifiedand open market，proceeding with ecological compensation and boosting environmental protection.

RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

DIFFERENCE IN COALBED METHANE ACCUMULATION INEASTERN AUSTRALIA’S COAL BASINS

YU Yi-xin，XING Yun，TANG Xuan，ZHONG Mi-hong

2014, 16(1):  51-60. 

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This paper，based on eastern Australia’s coal basins Bowen，surat and Galilee，compares their sedimentary settings，coal quality，reservoir and conservation，with results showing that the three basins are high in methane content and saturation，and sedimentary setting is the key to coal quality.The coal rocks of the three basins are at different coalification stages，which leads to the variance of their adsorption，permeability and gas content.The Great Artesian Basin plays a vital part in coalbed methane accumulation in the three basins from a strong hydrodynamic force which not only is related to coalbed methane preservation，but also contributes to the high methane content from coalbed secondary biological gas production.

EXPLORATION METHOD AND PROJECT ASSESSMENT OF LATERITE NICKELDEPOSITS

FENG Jian-zhong，SONG Xin-hua

2014, 16(1):  61-65. 

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This paper，according to the distribution and mineralization of laterite nickel deposits，presents technical guideline，exploration method and project assessment in investment. Their mineralization and distribution is jointly controlled by serpentinization extent，climate，faults，terrain and tectonics.To verify the laterite nickel exploration，5%-10% of the original projects need redoing or re-drilling in accordance with systematic，equal，protruding and inter-testifying principles.Geological exploration can be divided into four levels，targets generation（project construction，1000km2），potential assessment（reconnaissance，100km2），pre-feasibility study（survey，10km2），and feasibility study（detailed exploration，1km2）.

MOLYBDENUM RESOURCE FEATURES，DEVELOPMENT SITUATION AND INDUSTRIAL APPROACHES IN HENAN PROVINCE

CHENG Bao-cheng，LI Yong-feng，XIE Ke-jia，WANG Feng

2014, 16(1):  66-70. 

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This paper，based on Henan’s molybdenum resource features，exploration and development situation，points out the issues in its molybdenum sector，and presents suggestion sand approaches to the sustainable development of Henan’s molybdenum sector. Henan is abundant in molybdenum resources，which are mainly concentrateing along Heigou－Luanchuan－Minggang deep fault in southern margin of north China craton.The major deposit types are of porphyry and porphyry-skarn，with less hydrothermal vein.Issues such as overinvestment，fragmented mining rights，poor mining and processing，irrational industrial structure require further resource consolidation，intensifying resource allocation，developing fine processing，controlling molybdenum supply and establishing strategic reservation system.

CHARACTERISTICS AND USE SITUATION OF GUANGXI’S MANGANESE RESOURCE

HE Hai-zhou，YANG Zhi-qiang，ZHENG Li

2014, 16(1):  71-76. 

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This paper analyzes the characteristics and development situation of Guangxi’s manganese resource from reserve，types，structures，quality and spatial distribution based on a survey.Guangxi’s manganese is large sized，of high guarantee，highly concentrating in western Guangxi with efficient use and large potential.The explored manganese oxide amounts to 45.27%，while manganese carbonate holds the rest. The rich manganese oxide is 18.55% and manganese carbonate is 7.09%. Guangxi’s manganese has been efficiently developed to supply for steel，light industry and chemicals.The oxide can guarantee as upply to the year of 2016，and the carbonate can meet the requirement of guangxi for a long period of time.

DEVELOPMENT SITUATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESOF ORE RESOURCES INDONGUJIMQIN

YANG Kuan，LIU Wen-jian，YAN Tao

2014, 16(1):  77-82. 

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This paper analyzes the features and development situation of ore resources in Inner Mongolia’s Dongujimqin，points out the issues in resources development and presents approaches to its sustainable development，intending to provide references in reaching a concerted development among ecological environment，ore resources and economy.Dongujimqin is abundant in ore resources and mining sector owns a big proportion in its economy，but it has poor exploration degree，primitive development，less sized mines，low comprehensive use level of resources，and severe mine environmental issues.This paper presents the suggestions of reasonable layout，mining by areas，industrial structure adjustment，products structural optimization，mine environmental restoration and protection and mining circular economy.

RESOURCES EVALUATION

EVALUATION OF PROSPECTING EFFECTS OF SUCCEEDING RESOURCES IN CRISIS MINES

SONG Xue-feng

2014, 16(1):  83-86. 

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This paper analyzes the background of evaluation of prospecting effects of succeeding resources in crisis mines，establishes an evaluation index system，which is composed of three levels，mine operators，mining city and society，and six aspects，resource effect，economic effect，social effect，theoretical breakthrough，technical innovation andmanaging innovation.The evaluation indicates that this specific project reached an outstanding success in increasing some vital but short resources，largely extending mining lives.Also the economic effect is distinguished in adding static industrial output of over one trillion，tax of hundreds of billion，in stabilizing employment which indirectly increases income and social weal.Three-in-one deep prospecting theory is created and key exploration technology obtains a break through.

EVALUATION MODE OF RELATIVE SYNTHETIC RESOURCE LOADING CAPACITY BASED ON TOPSIS

GAO Xiao-wei，ZHOU Xiao-ling，HUANG Zeng

2014, 16(1):  87-92. 

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The traditional evaluation method for the relative synthetic resource loading capacity has obvious weaknesses due to ambiguous definition and unapt calculation.This paper，based on 2011 data，uses the traditional method and TOPSIS respectively，to study the loading capacities in 31 provinces.According to the traditional mode，resources are relatively surplus in Xinjiang，Tibet，Inner Mongolia，Qinghai，Heilongjiang，Gansu，Ningxia，Beijing，Tianjin and Shanghai，overloaded in the rest；however，from TOPSIS，five categories are classified，Xinjiang and Guangdong rank category1，with the highest loading capacity，Gansu，Shanxi，Jilin，Chongqing，Guizhou，Ningxia and Hainan rank category5，lowest in loading capacity.The latter one is more subjective，and can better embody the original meaning of loading capacity.

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF ZHOUSHAN'S ECONOMY BASED ON TOPSIS

SHEN Dan-feng，CHEN Yan-bei，ZHOU Jia-he，SU Fei

2014, 16(1):  93-98. 

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This paper selects Zhoushan's economic system to study its vulnerability and establishes an assessment index system from its sensitivity and response capacity，which employs entropy to give weights to each index.It uses TOPSIS to construct two modes in assessing vulnerability and barrier degree.The models are applied to analyze the evolution of Zhoushan‘s economical vulnerability and its influencing factors，with results showing arising vulnerability.The sensitivity prevails to its economical vulnerability.The main influencing factors lie in the contribution of the first industry in GDP，unit GPD energy consumption and dependence on foreign trade.The last two are the biggest barriers in reducing zhoushan’s economic vulnerability.

RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT

VIEWS ON CHINA‘S REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION INTENSITY

SUN Xiao-bing

2014, 16(1):  99-103. 

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This paper,based on a comparison with the world，the European Union，the USA，Japan，Germany，Brazil，India and South Korea，uses long sequence statistics to look for ways to reduce energy consumption intensity from the world and the history，for causes of intensity change from industrial structure evolution，for industrial domains from intensity index，attempting to provide reference in reducing China’s energy consumption intensity.Reduction of energy consumption in tensity is the consequence of adjustment of economic structures，which will last for a long time.China has to focus on industrial structure adjustment allocating the surplus resources from heavy and chemical industry to other domains during the rebalance process，and on innovation transferring Smith’s type to Schumpeter’s type in economic growth，and on raising energy use efficiency.

CASE STUDY ON UNDERGRADUATES’RECOGNITION AND BEHAVIORS OF LOW-CARBON CONSUMPTION

CHEN Li-qin,ZHANG Jie-jing3,CAO Xi-shen

2014, 16(1):  104-109. 

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This paper，based on a survey on undergraduates’low-carbon consumption，analyzes their external and internal factors aiming at finding references to intervene their low-carbon consumption behaviors.This results show a moderate awareness among undergraduates ofl low-carbon consumption.Their attention on low-carbon consumption behaviors is related to their attitudes，and their low-carbon effect confidence is highly related to their attitudes，which are subject to personal low-carbon consumption awareness，culture and ideas，policies and low-carbon products.

REGIONAL VARIANCES OF CHINA’S ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION BASED ONRESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

XI Xiao1，2，LI Yue3，*

2014, 16(1):  110-116. 

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A scientific evaluation on China’s resource and environmental issues and acombination of differentiated policies in pushing ecological civilization are key points in China.This paper applies factor，cluster and correlation analysis methods to analyze the regional variances of China’s resource and environmental issues and their causes，reveals its relation with ecological civilization especially from impacts and constraints of ecological civilization on resources and environmental issues，and presents differentiated policy system f or regions with different resource and environmental issues.

ISSUES AND STRATEGIES OF ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION CONSTRUCTION OF LAND AND RESOURCES

YAO Zhen，ZHOU Xin

2014, 16(1):  117-120. 

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This paper analyzes the protruding issues in land and resources use，and presents strategies to improve ecological civilization through land and resourcess use.Land and resources rematerial base，element and key domain for ecological civilization construction，and ecological civilization is the guide line and final objective of land and resources use.The issues in land and resources use mainly include primitive land use，a sharp supply and demand conflict in ore resources，frequent occurrence of geological disasters，and deteriorating oceanic environment，etc.，which can be resolved by enhancing basic geological survey，optimizing land spatial development layout，intensively using land，highly-efficient utilization of ore resources，and actively developing renewable energy.

TONGLING’S ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE HYPOTHESIS

PAN Xi-ping，SHA Jing-hua，ZHANG Hong-liang

2014, 16(1):  121-126. 

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Tongling，Anhui Province，is a typical resource-based city which has acquired a good score in its economy but gained severe environmental pollution.This paper，aiming at the relation between economy and environmental pollution，simulates Tongling’s environmental Kuznets curve，which displays a U shape.Presently Tongling is at the right part of the U shape，indicating that the rapid development of economy is at the cost of environment and their sharp conflict is unfavorable for sustainable development.This paper uses grey correlation to find out the factors impacting on environment，including economic aggregate，industrial structure，urbanization rate，technical progress，and environmental protection investment，and present ssuggestions in solving Tongling‘s environmental pollution.

RESOURCES ECONOMICS

TENDENCY OF MINING RIGHTS MARKET

KONG De-you，CUI Bin

2014, 16(1):  127-131. 

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This paper，taking Tianjin for example，analyzes the situation of China‘smining rights market，discusses its tendency and presents suggestions for regime barrier in mining rights trade，trading platform limits and imperfect international mining rights market，attempting to provide references for China to make mining policies and to construct mining rights market.China needs to improve the functions of trading platform，especially via internet，and enhances the construction of mining rights market in deal-making，agency，evaluation，financing，etc.The trading system needs improving，letting market allocate resources and setting up afair，impartial，open and ordered international mining rights market.

SCENARIO ANALYSIS ON CHINA’S BAUXITE RESOURCE DEMAND BASED ON BP NEURAL NETWORK

YUAN Wei-fang，ZHENG Ming-gui

2014, 16(1):  132-137. 

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This paper predicts the future demand for bauxite resource in China，aiming at developing bauxite resources in a right way at home and abroad.Based on a supplydemand situation，this paper analyzes the demand factors，and uses BP neural network to establish a scenario analysis model on bauxite resources，which is used，based on 1990-2011 global aluminum price，China‘s aluminum consumption intensity and production，and China’s economic developing trend，to calculate China‘s demand for bauxite resources in three scenarios from 2014 to 2020.China is abundant in bauxite resource，but has a sharp demand/supply conflict.As industrialization and economy goes on，China will have a rising dependence on bauxite resource import，up to 50% in 2020.

CORRELATION BETWEEN CHINA’S COAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTIONAND ECONOMIC GROWTH

LEI Qiang

2014, 16(1):  138-143. 

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This paper，based on the data of 1980－2009，uses co-integration theory，vector error correction model，impulse response and variance decomposition to study the dynamic correlation between coal production，coal consumption and economic growth.The results show that there exists a co-integration and long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and coal production and consumption.The coal production flexibility is greater than coal consumption elasticity，and there is a positive correlation between the production and consumption of coal and economic growth，which means that the increase of coal production and coal consumption is conducive to economic growth.In the short term，there is one-way Granger causality from coal production and consumption to economicgrowth.From impulse response and variance decomposition，coal production drives economy continuously，and coal consumption exerts a steady influence on economy after four lagging periods，not as good as coal production.