Table of Content

20 December 2013, Volume 15 Issue 6

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RESOURCES STRATEGY

STUDY ON GLOBAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

AN Hai-zhong, ZHONG Wei-qiong, HE Bo, DING Ying-hui

2013, 15(6):  1-6. 

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Energy managementsystem, specially on oilgas, is life line to nation's energy security and economic growth. Study on global energy management system by its mode and feature is helpful to accelerate China's energy reform and to optimize laws, policies, organizations and function division. This paper, based on references, summarizesthe advances of studies on major countries energy management systems, and discusses their features by their geographic locations from organizations, marketing degree and resources, and lists the typical countries for each category, and presents suggestions on optimizing China's energy management system.

GLOBAL COOPERATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S SHALE GAS

AN Qi-er, AN Hai-zhong, FANG Wei, He Bo, WANG Lang, Gao Xiang-yun

2013, 15(6):  7-12. 

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This paper, based on the situation of global shale gas development, discusses the necessity in global cooperation in shale gas development from capital, technology and management, and introduces China's governmental and enterprise's cooperation, and presents suggestions on optimizing the opening in shale gas exploration and development. Chinese enterprises have a developing cooperation with foreign ones with four modes including products sharing contract, joint venture, merge & acquisition and services undertaking, among which stock purchase prevails. As China's shale gas industry goes on, more and more enterprises enter this field, including not only three big stateowned oil players, but also other private ones. A global cooperation between the USA and China, different in geology and development policies, shall focus on the variance and key technologies.

COMPARISON OF AMERICA AND RUSSIA'S ENERGY STRATEGIC STRUCTURE AND ITS REFERENCE

LV Na, AN Hai-zhong, YU Guang, Gao Xiang-yun

2013, 15(6):  13-17. 

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America and Russia are two energy giants, both are mature but featured in their energy strategies. This paper compares the two nations in their energy strategic structures from energy framework,locality politics and laws, discusses three points in reference to China,optimizing energy structure and actively involvement in global cooperation in energy pattern, and opening new energy markets, avoiding military diplomacy and taking union with fighting in locality politics, and paying attention on new energy legislation and expanding legislation range in energy framework.

GLOBAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND SITUATION OF MAIN MINERAL PRODUCTS

QI Hai, HAO Xiao-qing, AN Hai-zhong, DING Ying-hui

2013, 15(6):  18-34. 

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This paper, based on Nonferrous Metals Yearbook and USGS data, gives an introduction to the global main mineral products including iron ore, cooper ore, bauxite, nickel ore and potash, summarizes their reserves and production, and analyzes their supply and demand situation. Their reserves are abundant, but very limited in their production. There is rising import and export of these five mineral products statedabove, and depletion will not happen in a short term.

ANALYSIS ON MAIN MINERAL PRODUCTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

HAO Xiao-qin, AN Hai-zhong, LIU Xiao-jia,GAO Xiang

2013, 15(6):  35-43. 

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The international trade of mineral products is increasing as a demand for mineral products. According to UN Comtrade's disclosure information, this paper applies complex network theory to calculate the density, node degree, centrality, node strength and path length of complex network of international mineral trade, and studies its evolutional rule. The results shows before the US subprime mortgage crisis in 2007,a tightness of mineral products trade rises with importer and exporter numbers. US, China, Germany, South Africa, UK and Canada hold vital positions, intensifying their export capacity in mineral products. Impacted by the financial crisis, mineral products trade dropped. After 2009, the global economy rebounds with a speeding globalization in mineral products and a very strong ascending of mineral products trade, obviously forming regional tycoons.

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

STUDY ON AUSTRALIAS OILGAS RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

HE Bo,AN Hai-zhong, SHA Jing-hua, ZHANG Hong-liang

2013, 15(6):  44-48. 

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Australia has a developed oilgas industry, and a high openness, so its oilgas resources management system is of reference to China. This paper analyzes its oilgas management system administrated by federal, state and local governments, discusses its administrative functions and features, and summarizes its mining permits and effective laws. Australia sets a clear administration for differentlevelled governments in oilgas management that the federal government focuses on strategy, the state government focuses on operations, reflecting a centralized power. A united execution is effective in resolving the conflicts among differentlevelled governments.

ANALYSIS ON RUSSIAS OILGAS RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROCESS

HUANG Xuan, AN Hai-zhong, ZHONG Wei-qiong, HE Bo,GAO Xiang-yun

2013, 15(6):  49-54. 

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This paper, based on Russia's oilgas administration, laws and policies, concludes that oilgas management can be classified into the basic management in the early stage, permit management in the intermedium stage and the operation and fund management in the late stage. Adequate basic management in the early stage provides a guarantee in enhancing Russia's control on oilgas resources. Strict audits in the intermedium stage and fund management in the late stage indicates the Russia's values in technical development and sustainable development. Combined with the advantages of Russias oilgas resource management and Chinas issues, this paper attempts to provide reference to improve China's oilgas management system.

COMPARISON OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS AND OILGAS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL ASIAS MAJOR OILGAS COUNTRIES

Li Hua-jiao, An Hai-zhong, Ding Ying-hui

2013, 15(6):  55-62. 

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China is big oilgas consumer, “going outside” which means investment in oilgas development and trading becomes a key part in promoting a sustainable development in oilgas resource market. This paper compares the central Asia's major oilgas countries, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, in their political systems, oilgas administration, reform and functions, and state oilgas enterprises evolution and chief functions.

COMPARISON OF ENERGY ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANS IN AUSTRALIA, JAPAN AND INDIA

SUN Xiao-qi, AN Hai-zhong, DING Ying-hui, HUANG Xuan

2013, 15(6):  63-67. 

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This paper compares their energy administrative organs in Australia, Japan and India from levels, specialization and departmentalization of energy administrative organ, and clarifies its generalization and specialty as administrative organ,and presents that energy organs must guarantee energy safety, boost economic growth, and protect environment.China,as a big energy consumer, abundant in resources and regional gaps, shall set up a higher level of energy administrative organ, unified, departmentalized and highly specialized.This paper,according to this theory,designs a corresponding energy administrative organ chart.

MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF OILGAS RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT BY AMERICAS FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

ZHANG Hong-liang,AN Hai-zhong, YUAN Yue, HE Bo,GAO Xiang-yun

2013, 15(6):  68-76. 

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This paper studies the complicated institutions and their management process by federal government in America's oilgas resource management from reserve information, mining permits and operation. Many institutions are involved in America's oilgas management, a clear set of laws and regulations to mark their responsibilities. A precommunication mechanism ensures an effective operation in all management processes. USGS is responsible for the reserve information, and Energy Information Administration for market, information commercialization and electronization. Many institutions involve prebidding management of mining permits, but centralizes after.Quite simple in operation management. All these key processes improve their efficiency in managing oilgas resources.

MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF NORWAY SOIL GAS RESOURCE

ZHONG Wei-qion, AN Hai-zhong, DING Ying-hui

2013, 15(6):  77-83. 

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In Norway, oilgas is its pillar economy. Study on its management process helps clarify Norwegian government how to execute the oilgas management system. This paper gives a general description of its oilgas resource management system and governmental functions and charts, classified its processes into four parts, basics in the early stage, mining permit in the intermedium, operation in the late and oil fund. A chart is given to mark governmental departments and steps, and their empowering and supervision. Combined with Chinas situation in oilgas resource management, this paper presents references from laws and regulations, management efficiency, management division, informationdisclosure, supervision, and impartiality.

REFERENCE OF CANADA'S OIL-GAS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS

CONG Lin, AN Hai-zhong, YU Guang, Gao Xiang-yun，AN Qi-er,FENG Cong

2013, 15(6):  84-88. 

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Canada's federal government is charge of oilgas resources, and separated from supervision. China shall learn its experience to reform and improve governmental efficiency. This paper studies Canadas oilgas resource management institutions and their relation from federal and provincial governments, and summarizes their features from organizational structure and management function. Combined with Chinas situation, this paper concludes that Chinas oilgas resource management reform shall be based on establishing independent departments with clarifying functions and being separated from supervision. Oil gas initial mining permits must be determined and public geological data service must be improved.

VARIANCE IN MINING PERMITS MANAGEMENT AMONG CHINA, USA, CANADA AND INDIA

AN Qi-er, AN Hai-zhong, HE Bo, WANG Lang, GAO Xiang-yun

2013, 15(6):  89-92. 

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This paper compares the mining permits management in the USA,Canada and India as typical mining countries with that in China, aiming at providing references for China.The variance mainly lies in the ownership that the eligible citizens in the USA while companies in India and China can hold, and acquisition that the USA has a free entering and permit, mine lease and material sales, and Canada must have a preliminary permit and then an advanced permit,India goes through a bidding, and China through listing, auction and bidding, and administration that the USA includes federal and state governments and private, Canada includes federal and provincial governments, India is by federal government, and China is by twolevelled governments in exploration permits and fourlevelled in mining permits.

STUDY OF JAPANESE ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ITS REVELATION

GAO Xiang-yun, AN Hai-zhong, HE Bo

2013, 15(6):  93-97. 

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This paper analyzes Japans energy management system from general situation, system structure and energy policies and laws, and discusses the revelation of Japanese mode to China. Japan, short of energy, reaches a safe and steady energy supply through policies of opening sources and saving energy. The core of its energy management is a typical enterprise structure with its energy policies and laws varying with environments. Simple as its energy management system, it is efficient. Hence, China shall comprehensively study the energy management system and environment, pay attention to core management systems design and its corresponding auxiliary administration, and make energy policies and optimize laws according to environments, which can create a good environment to Chinas energy management and set up a wellorganized operation platform for energy departments and enterprises.

RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

APPLICATION OF MICROSCOPIC CT IN OILGAS RESERVOIR STUDY

ZHANG Hong, DONG Guo-cheng, WANG Song-yang, LIU Meng-zhen

2013, 15(6):  98-102. 

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This paper, from the principle of microscopic CT technology, analyzes its application in porous structure and penetration mechanism, which can precisely, directly, harmless, perspectively scan cores, quantitatively analyze and identify rocks, minerals, and display porosity, dynamically show a reconstructed perspective projection data, and clearly reflect the internal microscopic texture and oilgas migration rule in reservoir, and directly acquire reservoir physical data, and establish a 3D model of the rock. This technology works well in oilgas exploration, and directly shows the reservoir property, which will surely play a key role in petroleum geology. China shall intensify study on and import this kind of equipment. 

DEVELOPING MODES OF MINERAL RESOURCES VIEWING FROM ECOCIVILIZATION

Yang Congming, Ren Xiaodong

2013, 15(6):  103-108. 

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Ecocivilization is the apex of humans civilization, and is an appropriate selection in front of ecological crisis. From the developing trend of the world humans civilization, this paper analyzes the disadvantages of the traditional mining mineral resources, and points out that the ecocivilization construction can change peoples ideas and actions. The theory of ecocivilization can be used to review the wasted resources and environmental pollution from traditional mining. This paper suggests adjusting the development means of mining economy, and creating new mining modes to reach a clean, saving and ecological mining under the guideline of ecocivilization.

RESOURCES EVALUATION

ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF PETROLEUM INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH AMERICA

CHEN Yu-rong, AN Hai-zhong, GAO Xiang-yun, YANG Xin

2013, 15(6):  109-113. 

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This paper applies AHP, entropy and clustering analysis to evaluate and optimize the petroleum investment environment in South America from infrastructures, oil resources situation, politicaleconomic situation and oil laws and regulations, oil management regime and international cooperation, aiming at providing reference for Chinese investors in investing the oil resource in South America and at enhancing the energy cooperation with South America. The results shows a rank in oil investment environment, Venezuela, followed by Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela holds abundant oil resources with a favorable political and economic environment, Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia are advantageous in oil laws and policies, and Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago have a sound management regime.

EVALUATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF THE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT FOR GLOBAL OILGAS RESOURCES

HE Bo, AN Hai-zhong, FANG We, ZHAO Hai-yuan, DING Ying-hui

2013, 15(6):  114-118. 

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This paper uses AHP and entropy method to evaluate and prioritize the oilgas investment environment in 7 large oilgas areas and 57 countries, and presents suggestions to provide references for China to make decisions in investing oilgas globally. The results show that the USA, Russia and Norway rank the top three in oil investment environment, and the USA, Russia and Kazakhstan rank the top three in gas investment environment. Chinas overseas investment can be directed by the global energy strategy with an overall developing principle of “breakthrough on key, neighbor priority, appropriate balance”, which can form a sized, wellstructured, strongly competitive energy exploration and development system.

VARIATION RULES OF OVERALL COST OF AMERICAS ALL KINDS OF DRILLING

AN Feng-jun, DING Ying-hui, AN Hai-zhong

2013, 15(6):  119-124. 

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This paper aims to find the variation rules of overall cost of Americas all kinds of drilling in a short, middle and longterm by using API data. The overall drilling costs underwent three stages, rising and then falling before 1990, steady during 1990—1997, and a fast rising during 1998—2008. Oil wells costs are steadier than gas wells and dry wells, gas wells fluctuated most. Compared with land wells, oceanic wells costs have a big fluctuation with a poor predictability.

EXEMPLIFIED FROM HENAN COAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY GROUP: INFLUENCE OF INFORMATIZATION ON RESOURCESBASED ENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE

SUN Xue-jun

2013, 15(6):  125-129. 

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This paper, aiming at the relation between informatization and performance in resourcesbased enterprises, determines an index system to evaluate this kind of relation from direct and indirect influences in Henan Coal Chemical Industry Group, and applies AHP and Expert Scoring to set up a judgment matrix determining the weight of each index, based on this groups 20092012 data, which is employed to evaluate the influence of informatization on performance in Henan Coal Chemical Industry Group. It is verified that there is not only a direct influence, but also a drive on enterprise's performance.

RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT

REFERENCE OF NEW ENERGY POLICIES OF ASEAN COUNTRIES

LIU Xiao-jia, AN Hai-zhong, CONG Lin, ZHANG Li-jia,DING Ying-hui

2013, 15(6):  130-135. 

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Asean countries focus on new energy technology such as hydropower, solar, wind, bioenergy, geothermal, and nuclear and has established a wellsupporting policies. This paper briefly describes their new energy policies and laws in this statedabove new energy, analyzes Asean's overall function, state strategy, cooperation and attractinginvestment, and presents, based on Chinas situation, references in making China's policies and regulations of new energy from China's overall function, developing local new energy, actively cooperation and policies.

REFORM OF SOUTH AFRICAS ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ITS REFERENCE

HUANG Xuan, AN Hai-zhong, ZHANG Hong-liang, DING Ying-hui,SUN Xiao-qi

2013, 15(6):  136-143. 

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This paper studies the evolution of South Africa's oilgas resource laws and regulations, strategy, and reform of energy management administration. South Africa is improving its energy laws and regulations, paying attention on environmental protection and sustainable development, and issuing laws to support the weak groups. Its energy strategy is confined both by external and internal factors, but based on its independence. Its gradual reform of energy administration reaches its energy independence. Its energy organizations play a key role in South Africa's energy management system, reflecting accordance between governments and industrial organizations. References from South Africa's energy management system can provide references for China in energy management system reform.

KAZAKHSTANS OILGAS MANAGEMENT LAWS AND REGULATIONS AND ITS TREND

LI Hua-jia, AN Hai-zhong, DING Ying-hu

2013, 15(6):  144-148. 

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Kazakhstan ranks the top in oilgas resource in the middle Asia, and is Chinas target while carrying out “going outside strategy”. This paper, from its laws in oilgas resources management, environmental management, oilgas investment and operation and registry, tax and import & export, labor management, analyzes its oilgas management laws and regulations and its trend, which not only is a vital part in Kazakhstan's oilgas management, but also can boost from China an orderedinvestment in and cooperation with Kazakhstan in its oilgas.

STUDY ON AMERICAN OILGAS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS

ZHANG Hong-liang, SHA Jing-hua, HE Bo, DING Ying-hui

2013, 15(6):  149-156. 

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The USA employs a unified bidding in oilgas resource market to make sure the governmental benefits in oilgas development. A threelevelled management system had been formed by federal, state governments and professional organization. This paper analyzes its function and relation of each level. The American oilgas resource management institutions are characterized by a decentralized federal institution and by a centralized state. Governments are separated from supervision, all institutions behave by laws, a good negotiation through all processes. Within nontotalized big ministry, each institution executes by its independence, which fulfills marketing and improves efficiency. These features can reflect separation of powers, free marketing, legal management, empowering to subordinate, which is an epitome of Americas macroscopic economic management, and its political and economic system as well.

RESOURCES ECONOMICS

COMPARISON OF CONTRACT MODE IN GLOBAL OILGAS RESOURCE COOPERATION

XIA Ling-juan, AN Hai-zhong, GAO Xiang-yun, AN Qi-er

2013, 15(6):  157-162. 

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This paper studies three contract modes in global oilgas resource cooperation, leased, product sharing, and risk services contract modes, and analyzes their variance in core contents, objectives and risks that the contractors are bearing and summarizes their the features. Each contract mode has its advantage and disadvantages. As the global oilgas resource cooperation market is maturing, every contract mode can embody ‘balanced principle’. Appropriate contract mode shall be selected from each countrys situation in order to reach fairness, justice and twowin.

INDEX SYSTEM OF ECONOMICSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON RESOURCE CIRCULATION

SONG Jia-long, LIN Wen

2013, 15(6):  163-167. 

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This paper reviews the evaluation index system of economy based on resource circulation, and establishes the evaluation index system from economy, society, resource and ecology. Resources can be divided into original, medium and waste categories, and their circulation process, which can be divided into large and small, is be altered to only focus on original resource development. Development of medium and waste resources is to set up the new index system of economicsocial development. The big and small circulations are used to neutralize the impact of original resource on economy, society and ecology. The new index system emphasizes the extension of medium resource and effectively develops waste resource and appropriately limits the original resource. A multipleleveled small resource circulation can be used to scientifically evaluate the sustainable development.

COMPLEX STRUCTURAL CORRELATION OF CHINESE LISTED MINING  COMPANIES BASED ON THEIR MAIN PRODUCTS

AN Jing, AN Hai-zhong, YANG Guang-lin, GAO Xiang-yu

2013, 15(6):  168-173. 

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This paper studies the complex structural correlation of Chinese listed mining companies based on their main products. A complex structural correlation mode is established from taking the listed mining companies as nodes, and their overlapped main products as conjunctional edge, and is used to analyze their network structural characters through node degree, network degree distribution and concentrating coefficient. The results reveal a complex overall structural correlation, and their industrial positions and mutual correlation, and reflect a relation between nodes. This paper aims at providing reference for mining companies to make decisions and adjustment, to improve their competitiveness, and to reach a fast and effective development.

COMPARISON OF OILGAS PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NORWAY AND CHINA

ZHANG Qian, AN Hai-zhong, HE Bo, ZHONG Wei-qiong,GAO Xiang-yun

2013, 15(6):  174-181. 

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This paper gives an introduction to Norway and China's big oilgas professional associations from qualifications, operation, relation to government, structures and services, and compares their management. Chinese associations, based on a strict qualification,are common in taking names, negotiable participation, and intensifying internal organization. Norway has flexible qualification,operates independently and locally structuring. The two countries share a wide service. References for China's oil gas professional associations are presented from expanding,independence, sub association, representativeness, services and planning.