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    20 February 2011, Volume 13 Issue 1
    SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES CITIES
    A CASE STUDY ON YULIN CITY: METHODS TO ESTIMATE ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS FROM ENERGY & RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
    WU Wen-jie, GAO Li-hong
    2011, 13(1):  1-5. 
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    Yulin city, abundant in energy and resources, is an energy and chemical base, but fronts severe environmental impacts from energy and resources development. This paper, based on 2008 data, analyzes the environmental issues induced by energy and resources development, and estimates the environmental expenses from environmental pollution loss and ecological loss, both up to 12.65 billion RMB, 12.5% of GDP, of which 0.92 in environmental pollution loss and 11.73 in ecological loss. Nearly developing every ton of energy (coal, oil) will lead to 78 RMB of loss in environment and economy. It is of significance to estimate the environmental loss for sustainable development points such as environmental protection, green GDP, and ecological compensation.

    A CASE STUDY ON TAIYUAN CITY: REGIONAL LAND UTILIZATION PARTITION AND CONTROLS
    WU Ping, WU Ke-ning, TANG Huai-Zhi
    2011, 13(1):  6-11. 
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    This paper, aiming at land utilization partition methods and providing references for general land utilization planning, takes districts and counties as basic evaluation units, selects ten indexes including resources, environment, society, economy, land utilization structure, etc., applies principal component analysis to reduce variable dimension and give scores, and uses cluster analysis to achieve land utilization partition. The results indicate that Taiyuan city is divided into two hierarch I regions and five hierarch II regions, each given corresponding land controls. The paper provides a useful tool to regional land utilization partition and controls.

    RESOURCES STRATEGY
    GAME THEORY USED IN POTASH FERTILIZER IMPORT PRICES
    CAI Min, ZENG Lu
    2011, 13(1):  12-15. 
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    Potash is a major source of potash fertilizer in agriculture. China as a big agricultural nation has a 20% of potash fertilizer demand worldwide, but very poor in China’s potash resource, and 70% depending on import. A stable and rational import price is a vital point in potash fertilizer industry. This paper adopts game theory and benefit-cost analysis to discuss how to reach a purchase contract with rational prices for China’s potash importers, aims to keep a stable development of potash fertilizer industry and to guarantee a sustainable increment of agricultural development and national economy.

    CAPABILITY AND CONSTRAINTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF URANIUM MINING SECTOR
    HOU Jun-hua
    2011, 13(1):  16-19. 
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    To keep a sustainable development of Uranium mining becomes an urgent point. This paper, based on data and features of Uranium mining and production, analyzes the capabilities and constraints of sustainable development of uranium mining sector from resources, technology, environment and human resources, and presents some approaches. Uranium resource is a vital material base for Uranium metallurgical enterprises, the utilization level is the core, environmental protection is the precondition and human resources are the guarantee. In order to keep a sustainable development of Uranium mining sector, uranium enterprises shall make an overall planning, cast investments, follow the recycling economy, establish a balanced industrial link and enhance training of human resources.

    POLICIES TO PROMOTE CHINA’S LOWCARBON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
    LUO Hong, FEI Ying-ying, FENG Hui-juan, LV Lian-hong
    2011, 13(1):  20-25. 
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    China as a developing country has a big greenhouse gas emission and fronts two pressures in economic transformation and climatic change, which demands a low-carbon economy. This paper, aiming at developing a capability in environmental management and offering theoretical, policy and managing technical support for lowcarbon economy in China, absorbs foreign achievements and experiences in low-carbon economy, analyzes China’s situation and issues in low-carbon economy, establishes a policy structure in developing low-carbon economy, and presents suggestions from developing models, making low-carbon forcible policies, setting up encouraging policies and establishing voluntary policies.

    ENERGY DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND RELATION BETWEEN CHINA AND USA
    GAO Shi-kui, WANG Xue-fei, ZHAO Li-li
    2011, 13(1):  26-31. 
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    The USA and China as the No.1 and No.2 countries in energy production, import and consumption play a far-reaching role in the global energy structure, economic growth and environmental protection. This paper, based on detailed statistical data, compares the development status, features and trend in energy consumption and supply between the USA and China, reveals a relation of “competition-in-upstream and cooperation-in-downstream”. To deal with a short in energy and environmental pollution worldwide, the USA and China have an extensive cooperation domains in promoting a high efficiency utilization, reducing carbon emission, developing new energy, clean energy and renewable energy.

    FACTORS ON NEW ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BASED ON CASES STUDIES FROM COINTEGRATION AND GRANGER TEST
    HAN Cheng
    2011, 13(1):  32-36. 
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    During low-carbon economic times, development and utilization of new energies will be a vital means to raise global competitiveness for each country. In order to discover the factors on new energy development, this paper, based on carbon dioxide emission, energy prices and new energy consumption to total energy consumption data from 1990 to 2008, establishes a regress equation to analyze the factors. Environmental issues triggered by industrial emission have no limits on development of new energy, which largely depends upon prices. To develop new energy is a useful way to avoid global market risks. By analyzing the costs of new energy, the factors on new energy development comprises high production cost and poor technology, so a technical innovation will play a key role in new energy development.

    RESOURCES EVALUATION
    ADVANTAGE RANKING OF MAJOR MINERAL RESOURCES IN NINGXIA BASED ON AHP
    SONG Xin-hua
    2011, 13(1):  37-41. 
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    Ningxia is resourcesbased province, where mineral resources play a key role in its economy and society. It is significant to clarify the advantage ranking of mineral resources for mining and developing these mineral resources. This paper, based on a theoretical guide of advantage ranking of mineral resources, establishes index system of advantage ranking of mineral resources, applies AHP to analyze advantage ranking in nine minerals with a result of coalgypsum (halite, mirabilite)-limestone-quartz-dolomite-phosphorus-iron-gold-copper, downward.

    EVALUATION ON EXPLORATION POTENTIAL OF GAS RESERVOIROF GULONG RIFT BASIN
    GONG Xing-Lin, HU Jin-tang, HE Wei-ping, HU Han-min
    2011, 13(1):  42-48. 
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    This paper analyzes the gas reservoir formation rules in Xujiaweizi deep volcanics, northern Songliao basin, studies four controls of gas reservoir formation, including gas generation intensity, big faults, structural traps and highly-porose acid volcanics. Based on drilling and geological data, this paper studies the formation, reservoir, and caprock of gas reservoir in deep volcanics in Gulong rift basin, uses gravity-magnetic anomalies which are highlighted through processing the weak gravity magnetic data to interpret the fault and volcanic lithology, and uses 2D seismic data to interpret the structure, based on these, structural traps are marked and their hydrocarbon potentials are forecasted in favorable areas according to sedimentary thickness. Based on a synthetic evaluation of favorable hydrocarbon areas, fault zone, structural traps and volcanics, this paper presents a favorable exploration target area where lies inside favorable hydrocarbon area, along faults, within structural traps and developed volcanic caprocks.

    A CASE STUDY ON ZANG AREA IN QINGHAI PROVINCE: COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION  METHODS OF NATIONAL CULTURE TOURISM INDUSTRIAL MODEL
    HE Mei-qing
    2011, 13(1):  49-54. 
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    National culture tourism industry in Zang area in Qinghai province will be developed largely in the future long term. Studies on this will promote a healthy, fast and ordered development. This paper, aiming at the complexity and mistiness of comprehensive evaluation on national culture tourism industrial models, applies AHP and fuzzy estimation to establish a fuzzy comprehensive index system to evaluate national culture tourism industrial model, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. This raises veracity and objectivity in evaluation and is a preliminary attempt to evaluate comprehensively the national culture tourism industrial model in Zang area in Qinghai province.

    EVALUATION ON CONSTRUCTION LAND INTENSIVE USE IN CHENGDE CITY
    LIU Zong-qiang, FU Mei-chen, ZHANG Yi, WEN Hong-yan, SONG Bao-hua
    2011, 13(1):  55-60. 
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    As China’s industrialization and urbanization is speeding up, it is paramount to coordinate the relation between development and protection in land management, which requires an intensive use of construction land, as an important means for land sustainable use. This paper, based on the construction land use features, applies G1 model, spatial comparison method and systematical analysis to evaluate the spatial distribution of construction land intensive use in Chengde city, and presents guidelines in variable spaces and key points in construction land use, aiming to offer a reference in the future construction land intensive use in Chengde city.

    A CASE STUDY ON YONGQING COUNTY: DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY BASED ON DPSIR MODEL
    JIANG Yong, FU Mei-chen, DU Chun-yan, WU Xian-bin
    2011, 13(1):  61-65. 
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    Land dynamic assessment of ecological safety aims to coordinate land use and ecological environment construction, and to coordinate economic development and resource and environmental pressures. This paper, based on case study on Yongqing county, Hebei province, applies DPSIR model to establish 5 sub-systems and 25 indexes to assess the ecological safety, determines weights of each index by using entropy-weight method and APH, calculates the gross values of each unit and sets up an ecological safety degree model. This paper also analyzes the ecological safety status during 1996 to 2008, forecasts the ecological safety degree for year of 2010, 2015 and 2020, and divides Yongqing county into five safe ecological zones, which provides a reference for regional ecological safety warning, land use planning and a concerted development among economy, environment and ecology.

    RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
    INFORMATION SERVICES REGARDING SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OFMINERAL RESOURCES BASED ON WEB
    YU Guang, AN Hai-Gang, DONG Tie-zhu
    2011, 13(1):  66-70. 
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    Mineral resources are a base for human being and play a non-replaceable role in economy and development. Their sustainable utilization is a vital part of sustainable development strategy. As IT develops fast, it is necessary to construct information services regarding sustainable utilization of mineral resources based on Web. This paper designs the structures of the information services and offers a reference for constructing information services of sustainable utilization of mineral resources in China.

    A CASE STUDY ON YANCHENG CITY: OCEANICFEATURED INDUSTRIALCHOICES  AND APPROACHES IN JIANGSU’S COASTAL AREAS
    LIU Bo
    2011, 13(1):  71-77. 
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     Oceanic-industries are key to development of oceanic resources and to protection of oceanic environment. This paper, aiming to implement the strategy of Jiangsu’s coastal development and to accelerate the construction of oceanic industrial zone, studies the background of oceanic-featured industries in Jiangsu’s coastal areas, analyzes the advantages of Yancheng city, based on the experiences of surrounding areas, applies grey correlation model to calculate their correlation degrees between eight oceanic industries to their gross output, and selects among oceanic water breeding, oceanic food, oceanic medicine, oceanic chemicals and costal tourism, etc., and presents approaches to oceanic-featured industrial development.

    A CASE STUDY ON CHONGQING CITY: APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATED LAND UTILIZATION POLICIES IN THE NEWROUND LAND UTILIZATION PLANNING
    ZHOU Jing, YANG Qiang-yuan, SHEN Gui-xin, FENG Ying-bin
    2011, 13(1):  78-82. 
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    Imbalance in regional economy and society and similarity and differentiation in natural resources requires a corresponding regional land utilization strategy. This paper based on data and qualitative analysis divides Chongqing into urban downtown, suburb development area, three gorges ecological conservation area, and Wuling agricultural development area. Through differentiated land utilization policies, land utilization has been adjusted in each region from land utilization strategies, ecological barrier construction, basic farmland adjustment, newly-added construction lands, greatly improving urban-rural dualistic structural contradiction, implementing concordant humanland relation, and balancing urban-rural development.

    SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF GRADE-A RESORTS IN CHINA
    YU Gou-xiong, JIANG Jin-Bo
    2011, 13(1):  83-87. 
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    Resorts are an important part of resources in scenic spots and a vital bearer of holiday tourism. This paper applies theory and methods of economic geography to analyze the connection among spatial distribution, social-economic development and tourism development in grade-A resorts, which has been found poor. Their spatial distribution displays as a concentration type, but a low proportionality in regional distribution with a distribution density decreasing from east to west.

    PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION MODELS AFTER LAND CONSOLIDATION
    TIAN Su-juan, CHEN Wei-feng, LU Xu-yun, TIAN Su-feng, WANG Li-Li, LIU Shou-wen, GOU Min
    2011, 13(1):  88-92. 
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    Currently, most land consolidation project studies are focusing on feasibility, ecological benefits during construction and postproject benefit evaluation, but lack attention in post-project management and construction, resulting in a poor management after land consolidation and reducing the comprehensive benefits of land consolidation. This paper, based on a case study on Rizhao city, low hills in southeast Shandong province, reveals the major management issues after land consolidation projects, analyzes the root causes, presents innovation models in project management after land consolidation, attempting to provide theoretical and technical supports in project management after land consolidation.

    AVO PROCESSING QUALITY CONTROL THROUGH PRE-STACK SEISMIC FORWARD MODELING
    DAI Xiao-feng, GAN Li-deng, DU Wen-hui, LI Ling-gao, ZHANG Xin, FENG Qing-yuan
    2011, 13(1):  93-98. 
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    This paper introduces a method comparing and controlling the changes of track amplitudes varying with displacements during processing seismic data, which applies dipole sonic logging and density logging to pre-stack forward track modeling. By using Zoeppritz function and its similar equations, the prestack forward track is measured in intercept and gradient attributes based on a stable sedimentary mark layer. Through comparison between forward AVO track, practical displacement track wave features by wells and AVO attributes, the amplitude is retained from processing and results, which achieves a quantitative control of AVO features.

    RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
    COMPARISON OF GEOLOGY AND CBM DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF THREE COAL BASINS IN RUSSIA, UKRAINE AND KAZAKHSTAN
    LV Yu-min, TANG Da-zhen, HU Hao, DAO Shu, ZHANG Biao, CHEN Zhen-long
    2011, 13(1):  99-107. 
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    Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan are rich in coal and coalbed methane (CBM) resources. Under the direction of the success in commercially developing CBM in America, those three countries are gradually conducting exploration and development of CBM in their own counties. Based on the structure, stratigraphy and CBM geology of three coal basins (Kuznetsk Coal Basin, Donets Coal Basin and Karaganda Coal Basin) in those countries, this paper analyzes and compares in detail the development potentials of the three coal basins, and the results show that the CBM resources in Kuznetsk Coal Basin is characterized by very tremendous resources and very high density, which is favorable for largescale CBM development; the CBM resources in Karaganda Coal Basin is characterized by small resources but high density, which is also suitable for CBM development; but the CBM resources in Donets Coal Basin is characterized by great resources but low density, which is obviously less favorable for CBM development.

    FACTORS AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY OF COALBED METHANE PRODUCTION CAPABILITY
    CHEN Jiang, LV Jian-wei, GUO Dong-xin, WU Min-jie
    2011, 13(1):  108-113. 
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    The gas modecules in coalbed methane are in a dynamic absorption-desorption equilibrium under coalbed pressure. The gas can be produced through desorption, diffusion, seepage as the reservoir is opened and then the pressure is reduced. This paper, according to production data, analyzes the influences of permeability, gas saturation, critical desorption pressure and fracture halflength on production. China’s coal beds bear features of low pressure, low seepage, and low saturation, leading to a poor drive in reservoir, which is hard in gas desorption and seepage under natural conditions; hence, an applicable way shall be taken. Compared with the natural gas reservoir, the coalbed methane will easily be destroyed while mining. Some reservoir protective technologies are vital for production during underbalanced drilling and nitrogen foam fracturing. Coalbed reservoirs vary with areas, where corresponding methods shall be studied in applicability and economy.

    SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS OF SANGONGHE FORMATION IN SOUTHERN MARGIN OF JUNGGAR BASIN, XINJIANG
    YANG Shu-guang, TIAN Ji-jun
    2011, 13(1):  114-119. 
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    This paper applies sequence stratigraphy method, based on drilling, logging, paleontology, outcrops and prospecting lines, classifies the lower to middle Jurassic in southern Junggar basin into one grade III sequence, and establishes a sequence stratigraphical frame of Sangonghe formation by using stratigraphical overlapping patterns, lithology, lithofacies, and profiles comparison. The lower to middle Jurassic basically comprises fan delta, delta, lakes, and morasses. This paper analyzes systematically the components, evolution and distribution of Sangonghe formation in southern Junggar basin, offering a reference in coal and oil-gas exploration in this study area.

    SECOND INTERPRETATION ON CHANG-32 VERY-LOW-PREMEABILITY RESERVOIR LOGGING IN XI-259 WELL IN XIFENG OILFIELD
    LI Wei-hua, CHEN Yong-qiao, ZHOU Rong-an
    2011, 13(1):  120-125. 
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    Recently, very-low-permeability reservoirs have become exploration targets in China, so it is important to precisely evaluate such complicated reservoirs for a stable oil production. This paper analyzes the genesis of Chang-32 very-low-permeability reservoir in Xi-259 Well, based on core observation and chemical assay data, applies “core scaling logging” to re-establish a model of porosity, permeability and oil saturation, and carries out the second interpretation on logging, which meets the requirements of the reservoir development and provides a reference in studying and developing such very-low-permeability reservoirs.

    DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL TOURISM RESOURCES IN BEIJING WESTERN MOUNTAINOUS AREA
    GAO Ran, ZHAO Jian, REN Yin-hua, MAO Xiao-long
    2011, 13(1):  126-131. 
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    Beijing western mountainous area comprises mountains, water, karst caves, peaks, valleys, springs and waterfalls, where is an ideal site to develop geological tourism. Some featured geological scenes, however, such as “storm rocks” in Mentougou are not well known in China, but much attracted by foreign geological scientists. This paper, aiming at the Cambrian marine carbonate strata, the featured geological scenes, gives a detailed introduction to the storm rocks, walnutlike rock zone, alga hills, and leopard skin limestone from location, description and genesis, and suggests to develop them. To open a geological visiting route in the Cambrian marine carbonate strata in Beijing western mountainous area can not only protect geological resources, but also raise visitors’interests and knowledge in geology.

    RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT
    CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION REDUCTION AND UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA
    LUO Jin-ling, GAO Ran, HUANG Wen-hui, HO Da, WANG Yan-ning
    2011, 13(1):  132-137. 
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    To reduce and ultimately control carbon dioxide emission during energy production and utilization is a challenge for China’s energy production. This paper, based on increasing energy utilization efficiency and conversion efficiency, capturing, separating and using carbon dioxide, discusses the technical trend of carbon dioxide reduction, and provides a reference for carbon dioxide emission reduction and utilization in China. During combustion, it is key to reduce carbon dioxide, which can be achieved through rinsing and cleaning coal technologies. Pre-combustion capture, chemical-looping, absorption separation are effective in separating and capturing carbon dioxide. Geological sealing of carbon dioxide including oil-gas reservoir sealing, deep saltwater layer sealing, coal sealing and deep sea sealing, of which oil-gas reservoir sealing along with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is the best way. China will surely make achievements in carbon dioxide reduction as supported by techniques.

    OVERALL REGULATING AND PLANNING IN ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTIVE VILLAGES
    CAO Yin-gui, ZHOU Wei, WANG Jing, YUAN Chun
    2011, 13(1):  138-141. 
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    This paper takes ecological constructive villages as research object, based on reference papers, summarizes completely the basic meaning, problems, principles, models and presents suggestions regulating and planning in ecological constructive villages, clarifies the system of ecological constructive village regulating and planning. The results indicate that, (1) ecological constructive villages are one with opening and circling in natural environment, and its regulating and planning relearns systematically human and village eco-system again; (2) models in regulating and planning vary with developing periods; (3) it is of far-reaching significance in regulating and planning in ecological constructive villages, favorable for the development and environmental and cultural protection. This study provides a theoretic base and practical reference in overall regulating and planning in such ecological constructive villages.

    RESOURCES ECONOMICS
    INPUT/OUTPUT EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS BASED ON LAND UTILIZATION
    ZHU Meng-feng, ZHU Xiao-xuan
    2011, 13(1):  142-146. 
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    Industrial economy is leading urban economy. Input in industrial projects is a vital means to industrial economic development. With constraints from urban land utilization, to increase input/output efficiency of industrial projects is key to raise land utilization efficiency. This paper aims at the industrial projects with recent four-year’s land supply, designs investment intensity, average land output, average land profits, land utilization efficiency, investment construction period, payback and input/output ratio, studies the index marked values and project investment scales, industrial relationship, and presents approaches to input/output efficiency in industrial projects, beneficial to save land and transform economic development means.

    QUANTIFICATION OF MINERAL RESOURCE TAXES
    ZHANG Hua-guo, JIAO Pan-bin, LV Xin-biao, ZHANG Bin, CHEN Chao
    2011, 13(1):  147-153. 
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    As mineral resources taxes functionally fade in benefits reallocation, environmental protection, sustainable utilization of resources, it is time to be reformed. This paper, combined with social, economic, environmental and resources security influences on mineral resource taxes, applies mathematical method to quantitatively study the mineral resource taxes, which is a new attempt in mineral resource tax reform. Based on the taxesrelated factors such as society, economy and environment, this paper calculates the weights of each index in the evaluation system, and takes coal resource tax as a case to give a quantitative tax rate combined with tax rate grading, which achieves quantification, reification and standardization in coal resource tax rate, and also applicable in other minerals.

    ISSUES AND APPROACHES IN CURRENT MINERAL RIGHTS MARKET ALLOCATION
    QU Hong-gang, WANG Shi-tang, LI Jing-chao
    2011, 13(1):  154-157. 
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    Mineral rights market allocation can promote a rational allocation of mineral resources, is a reform in payable use system of state-owned land and resources, and is a vital long-term approach to uncorrupted regime. This paper analyzes the major issues in eight aspects, including demise system, outer interference, market system, charges, financial clarification before demise, etc., and presents suggestions in optimizing mining rights demise means, establishing market access conditions, preparing mining rights demise, improving assessment of charges and allocation system, establishing trading organs, intensifying governmental coordination, enhancing supervision after demise and reinforcing contracts and files management.

    EMPIRICAL DATA OF 356 FARMERS IN ZHEJIANG AND HEBEI PROVINCES: FEATURES AND FACTORS OF FARMLAND TRANSFER IN TYPICAL AREAS
    YI Xiao-yan, XIAO Bi-lin
    2011, 13(1):  158-165. 
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    This paper, based on the survey data of 356 farmers in Zhejiang and Hebei provinces, analyzes features of farmland transfer in typical areas, applies Logit model and Tobit model to measure the farmland transfers and their factors from transfer-in and transfer-out, and reveals that transfer-in is closely related to existing farmland areas, annual rents and transfer periods, and that transferin farmland scale is also connected to host ages and health, and Transfer-out to existing farmland areas, annual rents, transfer period and host ages, and transfer-out farmland scale to host ages, agricultural labors, annual rents, transfer period, host professions and health.

    ESTABLISHMENT AND REFERENCE OF MINE REHABILITATION DEPOSIT IN USA
    SONG Lei
    2011, 13(1):  166-172. 
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    Deposit system is one of effective ways for miners to implement ecological compensation in mines, applicable worldwide. The USA as one of the early nations to establish deposit systems has accumulated much experiences in mine environment protection and rehabilitation. This paper applies comparison method to analyze the governmental functional transfer, compensatory deposit system, and imposition forms. Governmental polices regarding deposit system can encourage enterprise’s inner environmental responsibilities, more workable than controls. This paper analyzes the development situation of rehabilitation deposit in newly-established mines and offers references from USA, and presents four pieces of suggestions.

    ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF URBAN LAND USE IN SICHUAN PROVINCE
    LIU Dong-wei, Zhang-Wen-xiu, ZHENG Hua-wei
    2011, 13(1):  173-178. 
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    This paper applies DEA to analyze the economic efficiency of urban land use in Sichuan’s 18 cities from input and output during 2000 to 2008, with results showing that: (1) the comprehensive technical efficiency of land use lies between 0.8 and 0.9, displaying as a W pattern which means a highly-efficiency use; (2) the efficiency is not only connected to input level of each productive elements, but also to their combination application, however, no link with urban scales; (3) for cities in non-efficiency land use, outputs are poor generally and inputs are poor in some cities, and their returns vary with scales.