Abstract: This paper, based on the analysis of precondition, cause and resolution, attempts to approach to the waterintensive industries and water right allocation in the ecologically vulnerable areas of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Its core lies in an imbalance of water supply and demand, leading to shortage of water in waterintensive industries and underdeveloped regional economy. The external cause is the shortage of water resources and the internal cause is the unsound mechanism of water right allocation. It is proposed to construct a collaboration system, which makes full use of water right transfer market, establish the Yellow River water bank, compensate the industrial water use, allocate interbasin water right and construct watersaving mechanism.

Key words: waterintensive industry, water right allocation, ecologically vulnerable area, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River

摘要： 按照分析前提——根源和症结——化解逻辑与对策的思路，探索解决黄河上中游生态脆弱地区高耗水产业和水权分配难题的途径。结果表明，黄河上中游生态脆弱地区高耗水产业和水权分配矛盾的核心是黄河〖JP2〗上中游水资源供需不平衡，带来了高耗水产业缺水、区域经济发展乏力等问题。其外生根源是黄河上中游的水资源不足，内生根源是水权分配机制不完善。对此，提出建设高耗水产业和水权分配协同体系，充分利用水权转让市场，筹建黄河流域“水银行”，实施工业用水补贴策略，跨流域水权分配以及构建用水节水长效机制。

关键词: 高耗水产业, 水权分配, 生态脆弱地区, 黄河上中游